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71.
Rare Earth Element Determination in Olivine by Laser Ablation‐Quadrupole‐ICP‐MS: An Analytical Strategy and Applications 下载免费PDF全文
Clare V. Stead Emma L. Tomlinson Balz S. Kamber Michael G. Babechuk Cora A. McKenna 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2017,41(2):197-212
Olivine offers huge, largely untapped, potential for improving our understanding of magmatic and metasomatic processes. In particular, a wealth of information is contained in rare earth element (REE) mass fractions, which are well studied in other minerals. However, REE data for olivine are scarce, reflecting the difficulty associated with determining mass fractions in the low ng g?1 range and with controlling the effects of LREE contamination. We report an analytical procedure for measuring REEs in olivine using laser ablation quadrupole‐ICP‐MS that achieved limits of determination (LOD) at sub‐ng g?1 levels and biases of ~ 5–10%. Empirical partition coefficients (D values) calculated using the new olivine compositions agree with experimental values, indicating that the measured REEs are structurally bound in the olivine crystal lattice, rather than residing in micro‐inclusions. We conducted an initial survey of REE contents of olivine from mantle, metamorphic, magmatic and meteorite samples. REE mass fractions vary from 0.1 to double‐digit ng g?1 levels. Heavy REEs vary from low mass fractions in meteoritic samples, through variably enriched peridotitic olivine to high mass fractions in magmatic olivines, with fayalitic olivines showing the highest levels. The variable enrichment in HREEs demonstrates that olivine REE patterns have petrological utility. 相似文献
72.
基于简化的波速结构,利用二维伪谱法研究了俯冲带不同位置震源激发的地震波的传播特征.发现当俯冲板块中存在6%的低速异常时,直达P波和直达S波之间存在波阵面近平面的易于识别的P-S转换震相,其传播方向不因震源位置偏离低速层的中心而改变.对于低速层的边界存在±2 km的随机起伏、低速层为楔形、周围介质为水平分层模型这三种情况,这组震相仍然清晰可辨.对于150 km长度的橄榄石楔,模拟结果显示仍然能在一定震中距范围内接收到这一震相.因此,可以尝试用这组震相来探测俯冲带亚稳态橄榄石的存在状态. 相似文献
73.
Deformation and seismic anisotropy of the lithospheric mantle in the southeastern Carpathians inferred from the study of mantle xenoliths 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gyrgy Falus Andrea Tommasi Jannick Ingrin Csaba Szab 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):50-64
Peridotite xenoliths with a broad range of textures provides evidence for consistent microstructural evolution in a vertical transect of the shallow lithospheric mantle (35–55 km depth) beneath the Persani Mountains, SE Carpathians, Romania, due to ongoing plate convergence in the Carpathian Arc nearby. The recrystallized grain size, crystal preferred orientations strength, and resulting seismic anisotropy vary continuously and display a strong correlation to equilibrium temperatures, suggesting a continuous change in deformation conditions with depth. The shallowmost xenoliths have microstructures typical of high stress deformation, marked by strong recrystallization to fine grain sizes, which results in weak crystal preferred orientations and anisotropy. The deepest xenoliths have coarse-grained porphyroclastic microstructures and strong crystal preferred orientations. Replacive orthopyroxene structures, consuming olivine, and high H2O concentrations in the pyroxenes are observed in some xenoliths indicating limited percolation of fluids or volatile-rich melts. Despite the high stress deformation and high H2O contents in some of the studied xenoliths, analysis of olivine crystallographic orientations indicates that [100] slip systems, rather than “wet” [001] accommodate most of the deformation in all samples. Seismic anisotropy estimated from the measured olivine and pyroxene crystal preferred orientations suggests that the strike-parallel fast SKS polarization directions and ~ 1 s delay times measured in the SE Carpathians are likely the consequence of convergence-driven belt-parallel flow in the lithospheric mantle. 相似文献
74.
The rheological properties of mantle materials are being investigated up to pressures of 16 GPa and temperatures of 1600°C for times up to 24 h, using a new sample assembly for the 6–8 multi-anvil apparatus. Al2O3 pistons, together with a liquid confining medium, are used to generate deviatoric stress in the specimen. Strain rates are estimated by monitoring the relative displacement of the guide blocks of the multi-anvil apparatus, scaled to the total axial strain of the sample. The applied stress on the sample is estimated using grain size piezometry. Strain rates and flow stresses of approximately 10–4 to 10–6 s–1 and 50 to 250 MPa respectively, are presently attainable.Preliminary results on San Carlos olivine single crystals, partially dynamically recrystallized to a grain size of 10 to 300 m, indicate that the effective viscosity of polycrystalline olivine is consistent with values obtained from olivine single crystal creep laws. Assuming a dislocation creep mechanism (n3.5) with (010)[001] as the dominant slip system, the data are best fit using a creep activation volume of 5 to 10×10–6 m3 mol–1. 相似文献
75.
The electrical conductivity of San Carlos olivine has been measured at 1100 °C under reducing conditions at controlled oxygen
fugacity, inside and outside the olivine stability field, in order to study the kinetics of olivine destabilization. Electrical
conductivity increases along the direction [010] and decreases along [001]. as oxygen fugacity decreases. To understand these
dependences, electrical conductivity transitory regimes were studied. In response to decreases in oxygen fugacity, two transient
regimes with different time scales have been observed. A fast (≈1–2 min) increase of electrical conductivity is first observed,
followed by a slower decrease (1–10 h, depending on the crystal orientation). After a few hours of annealing, precipitation
of metallic iron and nickel and formation of amorphous silica can be observed at the crystal surface. The fast conductivity
increase in the first transient regime is ascribed to an increase in the population of electrons at the olivine surface. Two
effects: (1) equilibration of surface defects with the bulk of the crystal, and (2) iron loss from the olivine due to metal
precipitation, could explain the subsequent decrease of electrical conductivity. Anisotropic diffusion of surface defects
to the bulk of the crystal, by a process faster than atomic diffusion is the most likely.
Received: 3 September 1997 / Revised, accepted: 16 April 1998 相似文献
76.
Single crystalline San Carlos olivine (1 mm cube) was transformed to (Mg,Fe)2SiO4β-phase at 13.5–15 GPa, 1030–1330 °C for 0–600 min using a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus. The α-β transformation occurred
by incoherent surface nucleation and interface-controlled growth and recovered partially transformed samples showed sharply
defined reaction rim. The growth rate of the β-phase rim significantly decreased with time and the growth eventually ceased.
TEM observations revealed that many dislocations were created in both the relict olivine just near the α-β interface and the
β-phase in the rim, which show evidence for deformation caused by interfacial stresses associated with the misfit elastic
strain of the transformation. The observed tangled dislocation texture in β-phase suggested that the β-phase rim was hardened
and relaxation of the interfacial stress was retarded. This probably caused a localized pressure drop in the relict olivine
and decreased the growth rate. Time-dependent growth rates of β-phase is possibly controlled by the rheology of β-phase, which
must be considered for the prediction of the olivine metastability in the subducting slabs.
Received: 24 January 1997 / Revised, accepted: 24 July 1998 相似文献
77.
The production of silica from the dissolution of olivine in sulphuric acid has been studied. Variations in grainsize of the olivine result in different specific surface areas of the silica. The microporosity of the silica supports an aggregative growth model responsible for the increasing particle size. The silica is used in the preparation of a nickel catalyst. The performance of the produced catalyst is equal to a nickel catalyst based on commercially available silica 相似文献
78.
宁芜盆地蒋庙橄榄辉长岩的岩相学和矿物学特征及其构造意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
宁芜盆地内有若干基性侵入岩体分布,对其中的蒋庙橄榄辉长岩的岩相学和矿物学特征研究表明:蒋庙橄榄辉长岩中斜长石An从47.68到61.60,属中长石和拉长石;单斜辉石主要为透辉石和普通辉石,斜方辉石主要为古铜辉石;橄榄石Fo从70.77到72.83,属贵橄榄石。这些矿物的化学特征介于俯冲带和板内辉长岩的矿物化学特征之间,并且与造山后辉长岩的矿物化学特征非常类似,结合蒋庙岩体的全岩主量元素地球化学数据以及同位素年龄分析证实,蒋庙橄榄辉长岩产于造山后的构造环境。 相似文献
79.
We report results of petrologic and mineralogical studies of 25 unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (19 Chinese Antarctic meteorites) using electron microprobe, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) techniques. With increasing degree of thermal metamorphism, chemical zoning of olivine was erased; plessite was transformed into intergrowths of coarser-grained kamacite and Ni-rich metal; Cr exsolved from ferroan olivine, produced needle-like crystals and coarsened into equant chromite grains; and feldspar crystallized during devitrification of glass and recrystallization of matrix. These features can help to identify different metamorphic grades. Based on the scheme by Sears et al (1982), we subdivided type 3 Chinese Antarctic ordinary chondrites into petrologic type 3.3 to 4 (3 type 3.3, 3 type 3.4, 1 type 3.5, 2 type 3.6, 2 type 3.7, 5 type 3.8, 3 type 4). This classification scheme is a quite effective way to subdivide Antarctic meteorites. Additionally, we propose to revise the chemical groups of GRV 020032 and GRV 020104 to L and H, respectively. 相似文献
80.
In order to derive the distribution of olivine and pyroxene in Crater Copernicus,we compute two band ratios(950/750 and 2 000/1 500 nm) ,percent content of elements(Al%,Ca%,Mg%,FeO%) and maturity(Is/FeO) based on Clementine UVVIS and NIR image data.The central peaks of Copernicus,which are known to be olivine-rich or pyroxene-rich,are chosen as ground truth and ROIs used to derive the distribution of olivine and pyroxene with a decision tree and spectral angle mapper(SAM) .Additionally,we compared previous ... 相似文献