Deep crustal source of gneiss dome revealed by eclogite in migmatite (Montagne Noire,French Massif Central)     

Donna L. Whitney  Clémentine Hamelin  Christian Teyssier  Natalie H. Raia  Megan S. Korchinski  Nicholas C. A. Seaton  Brian C. Bagley  Anette von der Handt  Françoise Roger  Patrice F. Rey 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(3):297-327

In orogens worldwide and throughout geologic time, large volumes of deep continental crust have been exhumed in domal structures. Extension-driven ascent of bodies of deep, hot crust is a very efficient mechanism for rapid heat and mass transfer from deep to shallow crustal levels and is therefore an important mechanism in the evolution of continents. The dominant rock type in exhumed domes is quartzofeldspathic gneiss (typically migmatitic) that does not record its former high-pressure (HP) conditions in its equilibrium mineral assemblage; rather, it records the conditions of emplacement and cooling in the mid/shallow crust. Mafic rocks included in gneiss may, however, contain a fragmentary record of a HP history, and are evidence that their host rocks were also deeply sourced. An excellent example of exhumed deep crust that retains a partial HP record is in the Montagne Noire dome, French Massif Central, which contains well-preserved eclogite (garnet+omphacite+rutile+quartz) in migmatite in two locations: one in the dome core and the other at the dome margin. Both eclogites record P ~ 1.5 ± 0.2 GPa at T  ~  700 ± 20°C, but differ from each other in whole-rock and mineral composition, deformation features (shape and crystallographic preferred orientation, CPO), extent of record of prograde metamorphism in garnet and zircon, and degree of preservation of inherited zircon. Rim ages of zircon in both eclogites overlap with the oldest crystallization ages of host gneiss at c. 310 Ma, interpreted based on zircon rare earth element abundance in eclogite zircon as the age of HP metamorphism. Dome-margin eclogite zircon retains a widespread record of protolith age (c. 470–450 Ma, the same as host gneiss protolith age), whereas dome-core eclogite zircon has more scarce preservation of inherited zircon. Possible explanations for differences in the two eclogites relate to differences in the protolith mafic magma composition and history and/or the duration of metamorphic heating and extent of interaction with aqueous fluid, affecting zircon crystallization. Differences in HP deformation fabrics may relate to the position of the eclogite facies rocks relative to zones of transpression and transtension at an early stage of dome development. Regardless of differences, both eclogites experienced HP metamorphism and deformation in the deep crust at c. 310 Ma and were exhumed by lithospheric extension—with their host migmatite—near the end of the Variscan orogeny. The deep crust in this region was rapidly exhumed from ~50 to <10 km, where it equilibrated under low-P/high-T conditions, leaving a sparse but compelling record of the deep origin of most of the crust now exposed in the dome.  相似文献   

阿尔金北缘尧勒萨依片麻岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义     

何鹏  杨睿娜  陈培伟  张焕  芦西战  贺晓天  翁红波  裴玉华  杨毅明 《地质论评》2021,67(3):803-815

阿尔金北缘尧勒萨依片麻岩分布于尧勒萨依河中下游,主要岩性为黑云二长花岗片麻岩。为确定该地区侵入岩形成时代、成因和构造背景,本文对其进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究。研究区花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示,其形成年龄为927±3 Ma,时代为新元古代早期青白口纪。其具高硅(SiO_2=71%～73.96%)、富碱[(Na_2O+K_2O)=6.61%～8.00%]的特征,岩石里特曼指数σ=1.41～2.09,属钙碱性系列;铝过饱和指数(A/CNK)=1.01～1.25,为过铝质系列岩石;富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ti、P、Ta等高场强元素,具有典型的大陆碰撞型花岗岩特征;稀土总量高,其中轻稀土元素富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏较明显((La/Yb)_N=7.53～8.13),Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.40～0.68),总体呈"右倾海鸥型"稀土配分模式,具典型地壳重熔型花岗岩特征。根据原岩判别图,推测其为变质砂岩部分熔融的产物。结合区域资料,认为尧勒萨依片麻岩应该形成于同碰撞晚期的构造地质环境。  相似文献   

北山造山带南部奥陶纪—志留纪变质地层LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年     

王浩  任留东  王彦斌  李天福  李淼 《地质论评》2021,67(6):1852-1875

北山造山带东南部梧桐井地区广泛出露一套奥陶纪-志留纪地层, 有关其形成时代和区域地层对比仍存在较大分歧,极大的限制了对区域地质演化的认识。为进一步确定其形成时代,本文对该地区奥陶-志留系c岩组中的角闪绿帘黑云斜长片麻岩、白云母石英片岩及侵入其中的长英质岩脉进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为419.8±2.7 Ma、421.5±0.8 Ma和417.0±3.4 Ma,前两者年龄在误差范围内一致,侵入其中的脉体的年龄限定了该岩组年龄的下限;由此将前人划分的奥陶系-志留系c岩组确切的形成时代确定为约420 Ma,属晚志留世。结合原定为奥陶系-志留系b岩组获得2个锆石U-Pb单峰年龄分别为427 Ma和428 Ma, 属中志留世（Song Dongfang et al., 2016）,由此,将原奥陶纪-志留纪地层确定为志留纪地层,结合前人研究认为可能形成于早古生代古亚洲洋向敦煌地块俯冲相关的弧前盆地。  相似文献   

川西马尔康片麻岩穹隆与伟晶岩型锂矿的构造成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑艺龙  许志琴  高文琦  郑碧海  高建国  闫浩瑜 《地质学报》2021,95(10):3069-3084

片麻岩穹隆是造山折返过程形成的重要构造样式.马尔康锂矿床位于松潘-甘孜造山带腹地的马尔康片麻岩穹隆中,其核部为太阳河花岗闪长岩和可尔因花岗岩、幔部由经过变质作用的晚三叠世深海—半深海复理石和浊积岩组成,大量含锂伟晶岩脉侵位于红柱石-十字石变质带中.通过野外地质调查和构造分析,在马尔康片麻岩穹隆中识别出三期构造变形叠加于造山早期大规模收缩变形之上:第一期变形(D1)为南向的大型高温拆离剪切带(马尔康拆离断层,MRKD);第二期变形(D2)为马尔康"穹隆构造";第三期变形(D3)为后期叠加的新生代近东西向逆冲断层.新的锆石U-Pb年代学数据表明太阳河和可尔因岩体的结晶年龄分别为226～212 Ma与224～218 Ma,马尔康拆离断层中平行剪切面理的同构造变形伟晶岩脉形成于约212～207 Ma,而未变形含锂伟晶岩脉则形成于200～190 Ma之间.研究表明,马尔康片麻岩穹隆在造山早期伴随220～212 Ma的花岗岩侵位,形成中低压巴罗式变质作用;在挤压向伸展转换过程(212～207 Ma)中,形成向南剪切的拆离断层以及变质核杂岩构造,致使花岗岩浆底辟上涌和片麻岩穹隆的形成;200～190Ma以来,马尔康片麻岩穹隆的继续上隆,大量网状伟晶岩(包括含锂伟晶岩)侵位在幔部变质沉积岩中,岩体顶部聚集流体经结晶分异作用和高温萃取作用形成锂矿床.本文指出,马尔康片麻岩穹隆由于新生代逆冲作用,使北侧的可尔因和太阳河岩体抬升,南侧厚层晚三叠世幔部变质带埋深,为伟晶岩型锂矿床的保存创造了有利条件.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of granulite‐facies granitic rocks from Battye Glacier,northern Prince Charles Mountains,East Antarctica     

N. C. N. Stephenson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):83-94

Proterozoic basement outcrops in the vicinity of Battye Glacier, northern Prince Charles Mountains, are dominated by granulites and gneisses derived from felsic (granitoid) intrusive igneous rocks, and by pegmatites. Felsic orthopyroxene granulites, garnet leucogneisses and garnet pegmatites have major and trace element compositions of highly felsic, but not strongly fractionated, granites. The garnet leucogneisses and garnet pegmatites have S‐type characteristics, whereas the felsic granulites are probably I‐type, although their high Zr+Nb+Y+Ce abundances suggest possible A‐type affinities. Intermediate orthopyroxene ± clinopyroxene granulites mostly resemble I‐type quartz diorites, except for a small subgroup of samples (characterised by low Na₂O and K₂O, and high MgO, Ni, Cr and HREE) of uncertain affinities and significance. Element ratios involving LILE (e.g. K/Rb, Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr, K/La, La/Th) closely match those typical of the inferred granitoid protoliths, suggesting that these rocks have experienced relatively little LILE depletion (except possibly for U) during regional metamorphism. It is therefore inferred that metamorphism was probably broadly isochemical. Because the felsic and intermediate granulites and garnet leucogneisses are Sr‐depleted, Y‐undepleted and mostly have negative Eu anomalies they are inferred to be the products of partial melting of felsic crustal sources leaving plagioclase‐bearing residua. Plagioclase fractionation during crystallisation could also account for these characteristics, but K/Rb, Rb/Ba and Rb/Sr ratios in these rocks are not consistent with strong fractionation of feldspar. Garnet pegmatites differ chemically from garnet leucogneisses mainly in their lower Fe, Ti, Nb, Zn, Zr, Th and REE abundances and positive Eu anomalies, related to lower garnet, ilmenite and zircon contents in the garnet pegmatites. A genetic link between these two rock types, probably involving fractionation of these minerals during partial melting or crystallisation, is inferred. Incompatible‐element abundances suggest that generation of the Battye Glacier granitic magmas from felsic crust might have occurred in a mature continental magmatic arc possibly well removed from an active subduction trench or, perhaps, in an intracontinental setting.  相似文献   

西藏南部晚始新世打拉埃达克质花岗岩及其构造动力学意义   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

谢克家  曾令森  刘静  高利娥 《岩石学报》2010,26(4):1016-1026

打拉二云母花岗岩岩体位于雅拉香波穹隆的东南,侵入到中生代以前的变质岩系(眼球状花岗质片麻岩和石榴黑云母片麻岩)和特提斯沉积岩(页岩和砂岩)中,主要由石英、斜长石、钾长石、黑云母和白云母组成,形成于～44.3Ma。打拉二云母花岗岩地球化学特征表明:打拉花岗岩具有高Al_2O_3(16.0%～17.0%)、Na_2O/K_2O(1.2)以及A/CNK比值(1.05),表明打拉花岗岩为富钠过铝质花岗岩;轻稀土(LREE)富集,重稀土(HREE)相对亏损,HREE中的Ho到Lu元素有变平的特征((Ho/Lu)_N=1.11～1.46);具有微弱或无Eu异常,Eu/Eu~*=0.87～0.95;较高的初始Sr同位素比值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(i)=0.71754～0.71785)和较低的初始Nd比值(ε_(Nd)(i)=-9.15～-12.4)。打拉花岗岩具有高Sr含量(为355×10~(-6)～416×10~(-6))和Sr/Y的比值(59.1～71.5)、高La/Yb比值、低Y及HREE亏损的特征,与埃达克质花岗岩类似。上述特征表明打拉花岗岩是在较高压力条件下,以角闪岩为主的深部岩石部分熔融的结果。  相似文献   

藏南确当地区高Sr/Y比值二云母花岗岩的形成机制及其构造动力学意义     

高利娥  曾令森  胡古月 《地质通报》2010,29(203):214-226

最近的研究表明,喜马拉雅造山带普遍经历了大于30Ma的高温变质和部分熔融作用,形成了不同规模的混合岩或花岗岩。厘定这些地壳深熔岩浆的地球化学性质及其形成机理对于深化认识大型碰撞造山带的岩浆作用及其构造物理效应具有重要意义。在雅拉香波穹隆核部及其南部发育一系列类似的二云母花岗岩岩体,其中确当花岗岩侵入到二叠纪(?)复理石地层内。全岩地球化学测试结果表明,确当花岗岩具有与雅拉香波花岗岩、打拉花岗岩类似的特征,即①高SiO2(68.2%~69.3%)和铝(Al2O3>15.14%),低铁(TFeO<2.0%)和镁(MgO<1.5%),为富钠过铝质花岗岩;②富集LREE,亏损HREE,平坦的Ho到Lu稀土元素分布样式(Ho/Yb)N=1.2~1.4),无或微弱Eu负异常(Eu/Eu?=0.9~1.0);③较低的Y(<8.1×10-6)和 Yb(<0.7×10-6)含量,较高的Sr/Y(>37.5)和La/Yb(>29.3)比值。这些特征表明,确当花岗岩是以角闪岩为主和变泥质岩为辅组成的源区发生部分熔融的结果。  相似文献   

藏南确当地区高Sr/Y比值二云母花岗岩的形成机制及其构造动力学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高利娥  曾令森  胡古月 《地质通报》2010,29(2)

最近的研究表明,喜马拉雅造山带普遍经历了大于30Ma的高温变质和部分熔融作用,形成了不同规模的混合岩或花岗岩.厘定这些地壳深熔岩浆的地球化学性质及其形成机理对于深化认识大型碰撞造山带的岩浆作用及其构造物理效应具有重要意义.在雅拉香渡穹隆核部及其南部发育一系列类似的二云母花岗岩岩体,其中确当花岗岩侵入到二叠纪(?)复理石地层内.全岩地球化学测试结果表明,确当花岗岩具有与雅拉香波花岗岩、打拉花岗岩类似的特征,即①高SiO_2(68.2%～69.3%)和铝(Al_2O_3>15.14%).低铁(TFeO<2.0%)和镁(MgO<1.5%),为富钠过铝质花岗岩;②富集LREE,亏损HREE,平坦的Ho到Lu稀土元素分布样式(Ho/Yb)_N=1.2～1.4),无或微弱Eu负异常(Eu/Eu=0.9～1.0);③较低的Y(<8.1×10~(-6))和Yb(<0.7×10~(-6))含量,较高的Sr/Y(>37.5)和La/Yb(>29.3)比值.这些特征表明,确当花岗岩是以角闪岩为主和变泥质岩为辅组成的源区发生部分熔融的结果.  相似文献   

Metamorphic evolution of sapphirine‐ and orthoamphibole‐cordierite‐bearing gneiss,Okanogan dome,Washington, USA     

D. L. WHITNEY 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(4):425-449

Gneiss domes are commonly cored by quartzofeldspathic rocks that provide little information about the pressure–temperature–fluid history of the domes. Three northern Cordilleran migmatite domes (Thor‐Odin and Valhalla/Passmore, British Columbia, Canada; Okanogan, Washington, USA), however, contain Mg–Al‐rich orthoamphibole‐cordierite gneiss as layers and lenses that record metamorphic conditions and pressure–temperature (P–T) path information not preserved in the host migmatite. These Mg–Al‐rich rocks are therefore a valuable archive of metamorphic conditions during dome evolution, although refractory rocks such as these commonly contain reaction textures that may complicate the calculation of metamorphic conditions. In the Okanogan dome, Mg–Al‐rich layers are part of the Tunk Creek unit, which occurs at the periphery of an underlying migmatite domain. Bulk compositional layers (mm‐ to m‐scale) consist of gedrite‐dominated, hornblende‐dominated and biotite‐bearing layers that contain variable amounts of gedrite, hornblende, anorthite, cordierite, spinel, sapphirine, corundum, kyanite, biotite and/or staurolite. The presence of different compositional layers (some with reaction textures, some without) allows systematic analysis of metamorphic history by a combined petrographic and phase equilibrium analysis. Gedrite‐dominated layers containing relict kyanite preserve evidence of the highest‐P conditions; symplectitic and coronal reaction textures around kyanite indicate decompression at high temperature. Gedrite‐dominated layers lacking these reaction textures contain layers of sapphirine and spinel in apparent textural equilibrium and record a later high‐T–low‐P part of the path. Phase equilibria (pseudosection) analysis for layers that lack reaction textures indicates metamorphic conditions of 720–750 °C at a range of pressures (>8 to <4 kbar) following decompression. Elevated crustal temperatures and concordant structural fabrics in the Tunk Creek unit and underlying migmatite domain suggest that the calculated P–T conditions recorded in Tunk Creek rocks were coeval with anatexis, extension, and dome formation in Palaeocene–Eocene time. In contrast to orthoamphibole‐cordierite gneiss in the other Cordilleran domes, the Tunk Creek unit occurs as a discontinuous km‐scale layer rather than as smaller (m‐scale) pods, is more calcic, and lacks garnet. In addition, kyanite did not transform to sillimanite, and spinel commonly occurs as a blocky matrix phase in addition to vermicules in symplectite. These differences, along with the compositional layering, allow an analysis of bulk composition v. tectonic (P–T path) controls on mineral assemblages and textures. Pseudosection modelling of different layers in the Tunk Creek unit provides a basis for understanding the metamorphic history of these texturally complex, refractory rocks and their host gneiss domes, and other such rocks in similar tectonic settings.  相似文献   

苏鲁高压—超高压变质带南部花岗片麻岩—花岗岩的多时代演化   总被引：20，自引：5，他引：20  

徐惠芬  J.G.Liou 《地质学报》2001,75(3):371-378,T003,T004

苏鲁高压－超高压变质带中，广泛分布有花岗片麻岩－花岗岩系列，有关其形成的时代和成因机制长期存在争议。岩石露头表现为强烈的片麻理，并且多数和榴辉岩及榴辉岩相岩石密切伴生。其岩石类型有变化，从斜长片麻岩－花岗闪长质片麻岩－二长花岗片麻岩演化到花岗岩。矿物和地球化学变化也较大。从残留的高压和超高压矿物及其退变质反应等。说明它们中有部分曾经历了高压－超高压变质作用。该变质部连云港地区4个二长花岗片麻岩－花岗岩岩体中精的单颗粒锆石，运用Pb-Pb法（质谱计双带源逐层发－沉积法）和U-Pb法（离子探针SHRIMP分析），获得的年龄值跨度大，从859Ma到150Ma，分别属于4个年龄段（时段），但是主要数据集中在600－859Ma和220－250Ma两个时段，锆石的形貌特征研究显示，这些花岗片麻岩－花岗岩是苏鲁高压变质带中长期演化的产物。其物质来源与古元古代，乃至太古变质表壳岩密切相关。元古代大量岩浆结晶型锆石指示了当时存在强烈的花岗岩浆活动，导致大量花岗岩类岩石的形成。古生代（加里东期）和中生代早期（印支期）分别经历了变质作用，尤其是印支期，至少一部分和榴辉岩源岩一起经历了高压－超高压变质作用，并且伴随有地壳部分熔融，引起又一次花岗岩浆活动，再生花岗岩，该区南部东海地区尤为明显，中生代晚期燕山期的岩浆，热液活动对花岗片麻岩也有影响，其中新元古代和印支期则是花岗片麻岩及至大别造山带中两个重要的地质构造时期。  相似文献