从深部背景看燕山陆内造山作用的主因     

邵济安 《地质学报》2020,94(8):2190-2199

中生代华北燕山造山带是陆内造山作用的典型,但长期来对造山作用的动力学机制存在多种分歧观点。本文尝试将岩石圈不同深度的构造整合在一起,探索陆内造山作用的主因。本文拟从燕山带中生代构造运动的基本特征入手,选择集宁-承德基底岩石圈断裂带作为先存构造薄弱带,结合不同深度层次的地质作用:①地表的断陷盆地及其火山-沉积岩建造;②断块构造的差异隆升;③固态流变和地热活动;④幔源或者壳幔混溶的火山岩,论证先存构造薄弱带的活化现象。在此基础上,通过幔源熔-流体的交代作用讨论了岩石圈强度的弱化,结合岩石圈结构的层析成像研究,得到初步结论:地幔底辟体上涌是华北克拉通中生代构造活化的重要背景。不排除不同板块间相互作用的影响。最后,从与国外典型的陆内造山带的对比中,进一步认识到:深部地幔物质上涌和上部岩石圈物质的均衡调整,是陆内造山与陆缘造山的本质区别。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅造山带工程效应及中尼铁路工程地质分区     

黄艺丹  姚令侃  谭礼  郭沉稳  LaluPrasad Paudel 《工程地质学报》2020,28(2):421-430

造山带内动力作用的工程效应是地学与工程领域基础科学研究的前沿问题。结合GIS技术和相关地学理论,对喜马拉雅造山带由构造划分的高喜马拉雅、低喜马拉雅和特提斯喜马拉雅3个地块进行研究,揭示不同地块工程地质特性和灾害效应受内动力制约的普适性规律。提出:在挤压碰撞造山机制作用下快速隆升的高、低喜马拉雅,地震以逆冲型为主,地震强度大、频率高,水平应力相对较大,主应力方向近NE-WS方向,地形向大高差发展、河流下切强烈,山地灾害严重;而属于拆离地系,处于相对沉陷状态的特提斯喜马拉雅,地震以正断型为主,地震活动性相对较弱,水平应力相对较小,主应力方向近E-W方向,地形演化向着减弱地势的趋向发展,雪崩灾害严重;此外,高喜马拉雅特有的海洋性冰川地貌、冰湖和冰川泥石流,可能是控制跨喜马拉雅山铁路线路方案的重要问题。基于上述各地块工程效应存在显著差异的认识,提出以构造划分作为铁路工程地质分区的建议,并以拟建中尼铁路交通廊道为例,绘制了工程地质分区图。研究有助于将造山带理论推进到工程应用层面,为铁路大范围方案比选阶段,广域、高效、低成本地获取信息提供了新途径。  相似文献   

Source-to-sink of Late carboniferous Ordos Basin: Constraints on crustal accretion margins converting to orogenic belts bounding the North China Block     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(6):2031-2052

The Upper Carboniferous Benxi Formation of the Ordos Basin is the lowest strata overlying Middle Ordovician above the major ca. 150-Myr sedimentary gap that characterizes the entire North China Block (NCB). We apply an integrated analysis of stratigraphy, petrography, and U–Pb dates and Hf isotopes on detrital zircons to investigate its provenance and relationships to the progressive collisions that formed the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt to the north and the Qinling Orogenic Belt to the south. The results show that, in addition to regional patterns of siliciclastic influx from these new uplifted sources, the Benxi Formation is composed of two sequences corresponding to long-term glacial-interglacial cycles during the Moscovian to lower Gzhelian stages which drove global changes of eustatic sea level and weathering. The spatio-temporal distribution of sediment isopachs and facies indicate there were two sediment-infilling pulses, during which the southern and the northern Ordos Basin developed tidal-reworked deltas. The age spectra from detrital zircons, trace element patterns and ε_Hf(t) values reveal that the siliciclastics forming the southern delta was sourced in the Qinling Orogenic Belt, whereas the northern delta was derived from the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt. The source-to-sink evolution of this Upper Paleozoic system records the progressive development of orogenic belts and uplifts forming on the southern and northern margins of the NCB prior to its collisions with the South China and the Siberian plates, respectively.  相似文献   

RAYLEIGH WAVE TOMOGRAPHY IN THE CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE OF THE DABIE-TANLU OROGENIC ZONE          下载免费PDF全文

XIONG Cheng  XIE Zu-jun  ZHENG Yong  XIONG Xiong  AI San-xi  XIE Ren-xian 《地震地质》2019,41(1):1-20

Dabie Orogen has a series of special tectonic and geological features which make it important to the study of the tectonic evolution of mainland China and East Asia. The distribution of high pressure/ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks discovered on the surface, the specific location of a series of deep and shallow sutures in the collisional convergence collage, and the seismogenic environment of shallow earthquakes attract many scientists continuously to study the interesting Dabie Orogen. In this paper, we used waveform records of 200 broadband seismic stations deployed by China Digital Seismograph Network and vertical component records of 21 mobile seismic stations located in the Dabie-Tanlu orogenic zone and its surrounding areas. Based on seismic ambient noise tomography, we have obtained the phase velocity distributions of Rayleigh surface wave with the periods between 8~40s, with the resolution higher than 50km. The high velocity anomalies are observed on the Hong'an-Tongbo region in the images of 8~16s phase velocity, which decreases with increasing periods. These high velocity anomalies are in consistence with the ultra-high pressure(UHP)metamorphic rocks of the region. It leads us an estimation of the extension of UHP metamorphic rocks at various depths. The distribution of these anomalies found in phase velocity maps of 8s to 16s indicates that the estimated depth is up to~20km. The horizontal distribution forms a heart shape, which is narrower on western side and wider on the eastern side. It is very much consistent with the surface observations. The whole shape is similar to a cone that laterally extends its wings on the southwest. It indicates that the high-pressure/ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks had experienced quick exhumation after they broke and formed a drag at the tail, and the residual area formed by the fast exhumation was likely to be invaded by magma. We agree that it has experienced complex structural history, such as stretching, magmatic emplacement and tectonic extrusion, resulting in the high-pressure/UHP metamorphic rocks finally exhuming on the surface with the structural pattern of narrower on the western margin and wider on the eastern margin in the Hong'an-Tongbo area. The significant phase velocity difference from the period of 8s to 35s on both sides of the southern Tanlu fault zone enables us to infer that the Tanlu fault zone is a deep and huge fault, and the entire crust of the eastern zone of Dabie was cut by the Tanlu fault zone. It demonstrates that the Dabie block is separated from the northern Subei Basin and southern Yangtze blocks, which forms a seismogenic environment suitable for the generation of small-to-intermediate earthquakes in this region. Most of earthquakes in Anhui and adjacent provinces are distributed in those areas where the phase velocities changed dramatically, which are in consistence with the small faults of the upper crust in shallow layers of the Dabie-Tanlu orogenic belt. The shallow-source earthquakes mainly occur in velocity contrast regions, as demonstrated by the short period images. Earthquakes distribution and velocity maps show that the possible distribution of tiny faults of the upper crust can be roughly inferred from the geological structure. It helps to understand the seismogenic environment and seismic hazard in the Dabie areas. We conclude that the shallower faults with different velocity on either side of this region are still seismically active. These results have important significance for understanding the tectonic activity of the research areas.More detail work and further discussion are needed on the velocity structure of the Dabie orogen.  相似文献   

华北地区深部地幔剪切波速度结构研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

张学民  刁桂苓  赵英萍  王卫民  束沛镒 《地球物理学报》2006,49(6):1709-1719

本文分析了华北地区近50个台站下方800 km深度内的剪切波速度结构.结果发现华北地区不同构造单元之间速度结构差异很大,稳定地块速度随深度稳定增加,构造带内速度结构复杂,而且即使在同一构造单元内,不同区段之间速度结构也明显不同,如太行山构造带,反映了不同构造单元或各区段经历了各自不同的地质演化历史.环渤海地区及相关区域多个台站的速度结构显示,华北东部地区地幔软流层埋深浅、厚度大、速度低,反映了地幔上涌的特点;而在软流层或更深层次的地幔中没有发现埋深或厚度比较统一的高速或低速体,因此可能没有岩石圈或下地壳介质曾经拆沉进入地幔,这为东部岩石圈减薄的动力学机制提供了一定的深部地球物理约束.  相似文献   

滇西一些新生代飞来峰的构造演化          下载免费PDF全文

王二七  王世锋  樊春  王刚 《地质科学》2006,41(1):170-180

在印度和欧亚大陆相互作用下,滇西三江造山带在新生代中期发生了强烈的东西向缩短,地壳物质的大规模推覆作用形成众多的飞来峰。野外调查发现:这些飞来峰中有的在就位后没有再发生过变形,如分布在兰坪——思茅盆地中段的无量山东北山麓一带的一系列上三叠统灰岩飞来峰;有的飞来峰在就位后再次遭受到强烈的变形,如分布在兰坪盆地金顶一带的上三叠统灰岩飞来峰,在渐新世时与下伏岩层一同卷入了强烈的褶皱变形;分布在大理地区鹤庆盆地西侧的中三叠统灰岩飞来峰因受到后期东西向伸展构造的破坏,已被改造成分选极差的重力滑塌沉积。这些古近纪飞来峰由于在就位后再次发生了变形,所以不应称之为飞来峰,应称为异地岩或者是外来岩块。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅的两个造山体系和一个转换-转移断层:证据及推论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean-Pierre BURG 《地学前缘》2006,13(4):27-46

位于中喜马拉雅和巴基斯坦境内西喜马拉雅的两个相互结合的剖面在一级单元、断层中展现出不同的构造形式;并在不同时期,以不同速率发育了二级构造。沿两剖面岩性单元的显著差异显示通常指的圆柱状喜马拉雅带并没有越过喀喇昆仑山断层。与此同时,在近来许多区域研究中显示出来的构造轮廓强调主中央逆冲断层是一个貌似与中喜马拉雅断层带和越过西部山脉的西喜马拉雅断层带有联系的独立部分。上述两个地区展现出不同的碰撞历史。这些不同之处揭示喀喇昆仑山断层是西部岛弧保留造山带与东部岛弧俯冲造山带之间转移/转换断层的再活动或衍变。  相似文献   

从洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞:回眸与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许志琴  郑碧海  王勤 《地质学报》2021,95(1):75-97

大陆造山带的经典含义是指由于大陆地壳岩石在板块俯冲-碰撞的巨大挤压应力下,遭受强烈变形、变质和熔融作用,地壳发生大规模缩短、加厚和隆升而形成的地带.分布在大陆边缘和内部的造山带,经历从洋壳扩张、洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞的造山过程,形成"俯冲增生型"、"陆陆碰撞型"和远离板块边界的"陆内型"造山带.造山带类型的分析是识别地...  相似文献   

初论陆-陆碰撞与成矿作用——以青藏高原造山带为例   总被引：54，自引：9，他引：45  

侯增谦  吕庆田  王安建  李晓波  王宗起  王二七 《矿床地质》2003,22(4):319-333

青藏高原碰撞造山带以其成矿规模大、形成时代新、矿床类型多、保存条件好诸特征而被誉为研究大陆成矿作用的天然实验室。文章基于青藏高原已有的矿产勘查与研究成果,概述了大陆碰撞过程中的主要成矿作用及其成矿带的时空分布,初步分析了陆一陆碰撞所造就的成矿背景和成矿环境以及控制成矿作用的关键地质过程．并草拟了可供今后研究的工作模型。初步研究认为,始于60Ma的印度大陆与亚洲大陆碰撞至少形成了3个重要的控矿构造单元,即雅鲁藏布江以北的主碰撞变形带,雅鲁藏布江以南的藏南拆离-逆冲带和高原东缘的藏东构造转换带。主碰撞变形带以巨大规模的地壳缩短、双倍地壳加厚、大规模逆冲系和SN向正断层系统发育为特征,控制了冈底斯斑岩铜矿带(含浅成低温热液金矿)、安多锑矿化带和风火山铜矿化带及腾冲锡矿带的形成及分布;藏南拆离一逆冲带由藏南拆离系(STDS6)和一系列北倾的叠瓦状逆冲断裂带构成,控制了藏南变质核杂岩型金矿化、热液脉型金锑矿化和蚀变破碎带型金锑矿化的形成;藏东构造转换带以发育大规模走滑断裂系统、大型剪切带、富碱斑岩带和走滑拉分盆地为特征,控制了玉龙斑岩铜矿带、哀牢山和锦屏山金矿带及兰坪盆地银多金属矿带的分布。按成矿系统的基本思想,初步将青藏高原碰撞造山带的成矿作用划分为3个成矿巨系统：大陆俯冲碰撞成矿巨系统、陆内走滑一剪切成矿巨系统和碰撞后伸展成矿巨系统。在大陆俯冲碰撞阶段,主要发育与流体迁移汇聚和排泄有关的锑金铜热液成矿系统和碰撞期花岗岩岩浆．流体锡稀有金属成矿系统;伴随陆．陆碰撞而发生的陆内走滑．剪切作用,主要导致了走滑拉分盆地银多金属热液成矿系统、斑岩型铜钼金成矿系统和剪切带型金成矿系统的形成;在碰撞后伸展阶段,主要发育受SN向正断层系统控制的斑岩铜矿成矿系统、浅成低温热液金矿成矿系统和热水沉积铯锂硼金属成矿系统。在此基础上,初步提出了碰撞造山带成矿作用的构造控制模型。  相似文献