大渡河金川-巴底河段河流地貌特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘严松  何政伟  吴德超  肖渊甫  周瑞波 《四川地质学报》2007,27(3):162-165

对大渡河中游金川-巴底河段水系格局、河谷形态、河流阶地及第四纪沉积物进行研究,分析河流地貌的发育特征、影响因素以及发育演化史,为区域稳定性评价提供依据。研究表明,该区域为具有夷平面的深切峡谷地貌区,发育三级夷平面和4~6级阶地,河流地貌发育经历三个阶段,河流地貌的形成与演化受构造、岩性影响明显。  相似文献   

Dating alluvial deposits with optically stimulated luminescence, AMS C and cosmogenic techniques, western Transverse Ranges, California, USA     

S.B. DeLong  L.J. Arnold 《Quaternary Geochronology》2007,2(1-4):129-136

In an effort to better understand chronology of alluvial episodes in Cuyama Valley in the western Transverse Ranges of California, USA, we employed optically stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon and cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure dating methods. Twenty-one optical dates ranging from 0.01 to 27 ka were obtained from exposures of late-Holocene axial-fluvial deposits, Pleistocene–Holocene alluvial-fan deposits, and axial-fluvial sands interbedded within a late Pleistocene alluvial fan. These were cross-checked with 37 AMS radiocarbon dates from charcoal and wood from within a and five ¹⁰Be surface exposure dates from boulders on alluvial-fan surfaces. The OSL results show generally good stratigraphic consistency, logical comparison with the radiocarbon and cosmogenic data, and appear to be the best method for accurate dating within deposits of this nature because suitable material is fairly easy to find in these environments. The radiocarbon data contained numerous “detrital ages”, but well-bedded lenses of apparently in situ or minimally transported charcoal provide reliable age estimates for the associated alluvium. Radiocarbon dating of detrital charcoal in the older alluvial fan deposits was problematic. Our cosmogenic surface-exposure dating was consistent stratigraphically and with our other data, but we were unable to determine its accuracy due to the limited number of samples and the possibility of inherited radionuclides and post-depositional erosion. In light of our results, we suggest that OSL dating using the latest analytical techniques combined with rigorous methods for estimation of paleodase is reliable and of increasing utility in otherwise difficult-to-date coarse alluvial environments in the southwestern United States and elsewhere.  相似文献   

基于地图代数的数字地表流线模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴艳兰  胡鹏  刘永琼 《水科学进展》2007,18(3):356-361

降雨在地表上随地形流动自然形成沟谷线、汇流区、分水岭等流域形态,研究地表流水线的数字模拟对数字流域水文分析具有重要意义.提出数字地表流线模型的概念,只考虑地形因素,利用等高线图建立一个能获得区域内每滴雨水沿地表流动的轨迹模型.并运用地图代数的距离变换对等高线及所在空间进行全方位的距离度量,研究了数字地表流线模型的建立方法.实验表明,该模型利用距离变换信息而不是高程计算流向,可避免DEM高程误差对流向、流线的影响,且不需要在DEM上进行复杂的洼地、平地的识别与处理.该模型对原始数据要求不高,能有效应用于沟谷线的自动提取、汇流区自动分割和分水线网络的自动提取.  相似文献   

三峡库区塌岸预测新方法——岸坡结构法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

许强  刘天翔  汤明高  黄润秋 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(3):110-115

水库塌岸是三峡库区重大地质灾害之一。通过三峡库区数百段库岸的塌岸地质现场调查和预测分析的基础上,提出了类似三峡这种山区河道型水库的塌岸预测新方法——岸坡结构法(RBSM),并给出了详细的图解方法和预测步骤。同时,开展了二滩、宝珠寺和龚咀三个运行中的类比水库和三峡水库(139m蓄水)的塌岸预测检验,验证结果表明该方法适宜于三峡水库以及类似的山区河道型水库塌岸预测,从而为水库塌岸预测与防治工程提供重要依据。  相似文献   

半球形沉积谷场地对入射平面Rayleigh波的三维散射解析解   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩铮  赵成刚 《岩土力学》2007,28(12):2607-2613

把半球形沉积谷和周围半空间场地分别用具有不同弹性模量和不同半径的球坐标描述。利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,在频域内给出了半空间中半球形沉积谷场地在平面Rayleigh波入射下三维散射问题的解析解。利用这一解析解计算分析了入射波频率、场地软硬对场地内地表位移幅值的影响。  相似文献   

江淮地区夏季降水与西北太平洋海温关系的诊断分析和数值试验   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

谭桂容  孙照渤  朱艳峰 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(4):472-478

运用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、英国气象局的海温资料和国家气候中心整编的160站月降水量资料,对江淮夏季降水及其前期冬季环流和海温场进行分析,并利用NCAR CCM3模式进行海温的敏感性试验。结果表明：前期环流在亚洲中高纬地区有明显的异常,这种环流异常与北太平洋西北部的海温异常有关,西北太平洋海温异常偏高（低）是江淮夏季降水偏多（少）的重要原因之一,即当前期西北太平洋海温异常偏高时,后期夏季从乌拉尔山到鄂霍次克海附近为高度正距平,亚洲中纬度为弱的负距平,这时亚洲中高纬度多阻塞高压活动,中纬度多低槽活动,有利于冷暖空气在江淮地区交汇,江淮流域降水偏多;反之,江淮流域降水偏少。  相似文献   

黄河故道的环境特征与整体开发   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张义丰 《地理研究》1998,17(3):289-296

从区域开发的角度,对黄河故道的形成发展与环境的关系进行了分析,提出了开发构想,为黄河故道生态农业的开发提供依据。  相似文献   

基于栅格数字高程模型自动提取黄土地貌沟沿线技术研究   总被引：36，自引：2，他引：34  

闾国年  钱亚东 《地理科学》1998,18(6):567-573

从数字高程模型中提取具有精确定位特征的连续的沟沿线是构建黄土沟壑丘陵地区土壤侵蚀,泥沙搬运和径流过程的空间分布式机理－过程模型的关键技术。本文提出了基于地貌形态学特征的地貌提取技术,在提取具有代表性的黄土丘陵沟壑区山西离石王家沟流域汇流网络的基础上,自动提取了该流域完整的沟沿线,得到了满意的结果。  相似文献   

近50a东北冷涡异常特征及其与淮河流域降水的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李超  韩桂荣  孙燕 《气象科学》2015,35(2):216-222

利用美国国家环境预报/大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析月平均数据分析了1960—2009 年夏季东北冷涡的异常特征,研究了夏季东北冷涡与同期淮河流域降水的关系,发现:东北冷涡偏强时,淮河流域的降水很可能偏多,东北冷涡偏弱时,淮河流域的降水很可能偏少。东北冷涡异常强年,淮河流域高低层环流具有斜压性,且低层有显著的正涡度发展,促进了上升对流运动活跃发展。而东北冷涡活动异常频繁,有利于引导潮湿阴冷的北方气流南下,与东亚夏季盛行的西南暖湿气流在淮河流域上空交汇,在上升运动的触发下,导致淮河流域降水明显增多;东北冷涡弱年的情况正好相反。  相似文献   

COMPARISONS OF CIRCULATION ANOMALIES BETWEEN THE DAILY PRECIPITATION EXTREME AND NON-EXTREME EVENTS IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF YANGTZE RIVER IN BOREAL SUMMER   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩洁  管兆勇  李明刚 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(2):131-142

Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and in situ meteorological observations of daily precipitation in boreal summer from 1979 to 2008, the features of circulation anomalies have been investigated using the composite analysis for the extreme events and non-extreme events of regional mean daily rainfall(RMDR) occurring over the midand lower- Yangtze valley(MLYV). The extreme RMDR(ERMDR) events are the events at and above the percentile99 in the rearranged time-series of the RMDR with ascending order of rainfall amount. The non-extreme RMDR events are those at the percentiles 90-85 and 80-75 separately. Our results suggest that the threshold value is 25 mm/day for the ERMDR at percentile 99. Precipitation at all the percentiles is found to occur more frequently in the Meiyu rainfall season in MLYV, and the ERMDR events have occurred with higher frequency since the 1990 s. For the percentiles-associated events, the MLYV is under the control of an anomalous cyclonic circulation in the mid- and lower- troposphere with vastly different anomalous circulation at higher levels. However, at both low and high levels, the ERMDR events-related anomalous circulation is stronger compared to that linked to the non-ERMDR events. The dominant sources of water vapor differ between the ERMDR and non-ERMDR events. During the ERMDR events plentiful water vapor is transported from the Bay of Bengal into the MLYV directly by divergence while there is distinctly increased water vapor from the South China Sea(SCS) in non-RMERMDR episodes. The diabatic heating rates < Q1>, < Q2> and< Q1>- < Q2> have their anomalous patterns and are consistent with each other for these percentiles but their strength decreases markedly with the drop of rainfall intensity. For the precipitation at percentiles 99 and 90-85, the sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) in the Pacific distribute positively(negatively) in the south(north), and are stronger when the ERMDR emerges, with little or no SSTA as the events at percentile 80-75 occur. Besides, these results suggest that the genesis of the ERMDR event is directly related to intense local circulation anomalies and the circulation anomalies over the Pacific and SCS in tropical to mid-latitudes, and probably linked with the Pacific SSTA closely while the non-ERMDR events are mainly associated with the anomalous circulation on a local basis. The findings here help understand and predict the happening of ERMDR events over the MLYV.  相似文献