窑洞外形特征对结构抗震性能影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

王飞剑  刘如山  马朝晖 《地震工程学报》2018,40(5):910-918

调查发现山西北部农村地区农居窑洞多是独立式土坯窑洞,结构主要受力体系是土坯砌体砌筑拱结构,其建造无统一标准,外形样式存在差异。由于拱结构的内力分布对外形尺寸变化比较敏感,为研究窑洞外形特征对结构抗震性能影响,建立相应的有限元模型进行计算分析,对比不同外形特征窑洞在地震作用下的损伤情况,并结合历史震害,指出窑洞结构的薄弱位置。研究结果表明覆土较厚的窑洞容易损伤,连拱孔数较多窑洞的两侧位置更容易发生破坏,拱的曲线形状对结构抗震性能有一定影响,合理拱曲线窑洞的抗震性能优于一般形状窑洞。  相似文献   

Identifying the accidental-natural mortality of leporids in the archaeological record: insights from a taphonomical analysis of a pitfall without evidence of human presence     

Maxime Pelletier  Emmanuel Desclaux  Jean-Baptiste Mallye  Evelyne CrÉgut-Bonnoure 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(5):677-694

Leporids (Lagomorpha, Mammalia), especially the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), have been among the most abundant small game in western Europe since the Pleistocene. These animals are preferred prey for more than 40 predators, which increases the chances of finding their skeletal remains at archaeological or natural sites, and in particular karstic formations alternately occupied by Palaeolithic human societies and other predators. Moreover, specific eco-ethological characteristics for both species also offer the possibility to produce a substantial quantity of their bones accumulated by natural mortality without predation, making it more difficult to identify their origin in the fossil record. Despite this fact, the taphonomic signature of accidental-natural accumulations of leporids in karsts, such as pitfalls, has never been properly characterised. In order to address these issues, we carried out a detailed taphonomic study of leporid remains in a pitfall without any evidence of human activity, namely at Coulet des Roches (Monieux, Vaucluse, south-eastern France). At this site, leporids are the most abundant species throughout the Last Glacial Maximum sedimentary sequence. The bone accumulation was analysed in order to determine the most relevant criteria to identify a natural accumulation that results from the accidental fall of individuals in the pitfall. The relative proportions of each species are consistent with their current ethology, and their mortality profiles are compatible with the structure of a living natural population. The completeness rate of the different skeletal portions for both species is relatively high, bones are less fragmented and, unlike what might be expected, very few anatomical connections were preserved. The observed anatomical representation, breakage, and bone surface modification patterns are discussed and compared with available data concerning accumulations with predation. Taken together, the identified criteria contribute valuable help in the recognition of accidental mortality in the fossil record, as well as to evaluate the proportion of leporid bones accumulated naturally and those accumulated by predation, human or not, in a deposit.  相似文献   

贵州荔波地区2000年来石笋高分辨率的气候记录   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

张美良  程海  林玉石  覃嘉铭  朱晓燕  冉景丞  杨琰  陈会明  Edwards R L 《沉积学报》2006,24(3):339-348

通过对荔波董哥洞石笋进行高精度的ICP MS或TIMS U系测年和碳、氧同位素分析,建立了荔波地区2 300a B.P.来高分辨率的古气候变化的时间序列。研究结果表明,贵州荔波地区2 300a B.P.以来石笋记录的季风气候变化,大致可分为8个气候(亚)期:① 2 300～1 800a B.P.为降温期,显示东亚夏季风减弱,东亚冬季风增强,气候干旱寒冷;② 1 800～1 080a B.P.气温有所回升,显示东亚冬季风缓慢减弱,东亚夏季风有所回升,表现为半湿润的温凉气候期;③ 1 080～680a B.P. 为降温期,气温再次下降,显示东亚冬季风再次增强,但降水相对增大,表现为寒冷湿润的气候期,是气候变化的关键转折时期;④ 680～550a B.P.温暖期,显示东亚夏季风再次增强,气温升高,降水增大,表现为温暖湿润的气候期。⑤ 550～400a B.P.寒冷期,显示东亚冬季风快速增强,气温下降,表现为寒冷湿润的气候环境,是近1 000年以来最冷的时期;⑥ 400～364a B.P.温凉期,显示东亚夏季风有所增强,气温有所回升,表现为温凉湿润气候环境;⑦ 364～324a B.P.冷凉期,显示东亚夏季风有所减弱,气温有所下降,表现为冷凉湿润气候环境;⑧ 324a B.P.至今,气候相对波动期,同位素记录曲线呈锯齿状波动,在其内包括若干个冷凉半湿润、冷湿的气候变化亚阶段。根据荔波董哥洞石笋的高分辨率的古气候变化的连续记录,揭示了荔波地区2 300a B.P.以来的一些百年尺度的重大气候事件——干旱寒冷期、隋唐温暖期(或小温暖期)、小寒冷期以及一些十年尺度的降水、温度变化。石笋记录的这种百年、十年尺度的突发性气候变化事件,与冰芯记录极为相似,反映低纬度地区石笋记录的季风气候与高纬度及北极地区的气候具有极好的相关性,这对于认识现代气候系统变化以及对未来十年—百年尺度的气候预测和演化的驱动机制,具有重要的科学意义。  相似文献   

不同类型洞体应变仪的观测差异性分析          下载免费PDF全文

孙伶俐  蒋玲霞  吕琳  张辉  邓建刚 《地震工程学报》2020,42(1):129-135

运用SPSS中聚类及PCA方法对湖北省7个台站三类基线(石英管、铟钢棒、铟钢管)洞体应变观测记录进行相关统计分析,归纳总结其潮汐参数变化特征差异,并针对观测中自然环境因素影响进行定量分析。结果显示:(1)三类基线中,铟钢棒类M2波潮汐因子、中误差及M1波相对噪声水平较低,铟钢棒管年均漂移量最小;(2)自然环境因素(气压、降水、雷雨、温度)对湖北地区洞体应变观测影响较为显著,等量气压影响下应变量最小的为铟钢管型,等量温度影响下应变量最小的为铟钢棒型。  相似文献   

高台测震新旧台基记录地震及震相特征差异性对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

吴敏  雷正超  唐丽  毛磊  王志栋  李兴坚 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1141-1145,1158

使用相同带宽、同类型地震计BBVS-120观测记录数据,对高台地震台新旧观测山洞的台基环境噪声、地震监测能力及震相记录特征进行对比分析,结果表明,高台测震新山洞的地震监测水平优于旧山洞,部分地区新山洞对于核面反射波的记录更加清晰。  相似文献   

会昌台洞体形变观测资料干扰分析     

汤兰荣  曾新福 《防灾减灾学报》2019,35(1):47-51

对会昌台数字化洞体形变观测资料的干扰因素进行了分析。分析结果表明,会昌台大多数洞体形变观测资料稳定可靠,年变动态清晰,受气象因素影响不大,形变与洞温相关性较好,年变受控于洞温变化。雷电击坏仪器导致断记是影响连续率的主要因素,更换仪器可能对形变的趋势变化造成一定影响。  相似文献   

TSP隧道地震预报空洞模型的数值模拟研究     

王朝令  杨茜  陈章  杨文 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(11):998-1002

采用有限元方法模拟隧道地震波场,采用波场快照与时间记录相结合的方法,研究空洞对隧道地震波场传播的影响,并对含空洞模型的时间记录进行处理,得到数值模型的速度云图和反射层位图。经数据处理表明,采用TSPwin设定默认值处理得到的速度云图与模型设定的空洞位置比较一致,在提取反射层位图上,空洞反射层呈现条带状特征,需要结合速度云图来确定空洞位置,且P波预报的准确性相对较高。对TSP系统的抗噪性进行研究,表明其具有良好的抗噪性能。最后通过对工程实例的处理,验证了数值模拟所得的结论。  相似文献   

考虑基桩嵌岩段侧阻的岩溶区顶板安全厚度计算     

赵明华  朱志仁  黄明华  杨超炜  徐卓君 《岩土力学》2018,39(11):4201-4209

为考虑岩溶区基桩嵌岩段侧阻力的影响,提出了一组确定岩溶区桩端顶板安全厚度的计算方法。考虑顶板的整体承载效应,结合弹性力学及第一强度理论,得到了顶板抗弯安全厚度计算式;考虑嵌岩段桩侧摩阻力对桩顶荷载的分担作用,结合格里菲斯判据及摩尔判据,获得了顶板抗冲切和剪切的安全厚度计算公式,进而运用ABAQUS建立了岩溶顶板与基桩整体分析计算模型,有限元计算结果与理论计算值吻合良好。结合工程实例重点分析了顶板厚跨比对抗弯安全厚度的影响,顶板岩层厚度对抗冲切、剪切安全厚度的影响以及嵌岩段侧摩阻力系数?对顶板安全厚度计算的影响。  相似文献   

深层碳酸盐岩储层溶洞围岩应力分布研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周汉国  郭建春  李静  彭成乐  王昌  高帅  郑金凯 《地质力学学报》2018,24(1):35-41

以冀中凹陷任北奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层为例,基于油田测井资料及岩石力学实验确定了研究区岩石力学参数,对目标储层典型的长椭圆形孤立落水溶洞围岩应力进行了数值模拟,并根据第三强度理论研究了围岩破坏情况。研究结果表明,（1）溶洞在上覆岩层压力和侧向压力的共同作用下,长椭圆形溶洞围岩的应力集中效应带为9倍的半径范围;（2）长椭圆形溶洞围岩应力以压应力为主,主要集中分布在洞顶和洞底;（3）溶洞填充性对其围岩主应力差及破坏范围影响很大。当填充压力小于0.1 MPa时,溶洞围岩主应力差及破坏区域范围随填充压力的增大而增大;而当填充压力大于0.1 MPa时,溶洞围岩主应力差及破坏区域范围随填充压力的增大均呈减小的趋势。   相似文献   

Paleoflood events recorded by speleothems in caves          下载免费PDF全文

Fernando Gázquez  José María Calaforra  Paolo Forti  Heather Stoll  Bassam Ghaleb  Antonio Delgado‐Huertas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(10):1345-1353

Speleothems are usually composed of thin layers of calcite (or aragonite). However, cemented detrital materials interlayered between laminae of speleothemic carbonate have been also observed in many caves. Flowstones comprising discontinuous carbonate layers form due to flowing water films, while flood events introduce fluviokarstic sediments in caves that, on occasion, are recorded as clayey layers inside flowstones and stalagmites. This record provides a potential means of understanding the frequency of palaeofloods using cave records. In this work, we investigate the origin of this type of detrital deposit in El Soplao Cave (Northern Spain). The age of the lowest aragonite layer of a flowstone reveals that the earliest flood period occurred before 500 ka, though most of the flowstone formed between 422 +69/‐43 ka and 400 +66/‐42 ka. This suggests that the cave was periodically affected by palaeoflood events that introduced detrital sediments from the surface as a result of occasional extreme rainfall events, especially at around 400 ka. The mineralogical data enable an evolutionary model for this flowstone to be generated based on the alternation of flood events with laminar flows and carbonate layers precipitation that can be extrapolated to other caves in which detrital sediments inside speleothems have been found. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献