Small faults and kink bands in the Nankai accretionary complex: Textural observations from Site 808 of ODP Leg 131     

Jonathan C.  Lewis  Tim  Byrne David J.  Prior 《Island Arc》1997,6(2):183-196

Abstract We present backscattered scanning electron microscope and petrographic microscope observations of deformed sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 808 in order to better understand the dewatering and deformation history of the Nankai accretionary complex. This synthesis of deformation textures has three implications. First, the early structures that dominate the Nankai prism, small faults and kink bands, have very different electron microscope versus optical microscopic expressions. This observation is important to investigations of fine-grained sediment in both stable and active tectonic settings, in part, because these materials have often been studied almost exclusively by electron microscope methods. In sediments of this type, investigators often forego petrographic analysis because of the relative opacity of samples at normal (i.e. 30 pm) thin section thicknesses. Second, the textural observations we have compiled suggest that these deformation structures acted as 'single-event' pathways that contributed to diffusive dewatering of the prism. Third, our observations serve as a reference frame for the early tectonic structures that are important to the dewatering history of a 'sandy' accretionary prism.  相似文献   

Deformation processes in the shallow levels of an accretionary prism: The Mesozoic Torlesse Terrane, South Island, New Zealand     

Ken-Ichi Kano  Yusaku Konishi 《Island Arc》2001,10(2):158-174

Abstract The deformation style of the Torlesse Terrane along the southern Kaikoura coast, South Island, New Zealand, records shallow level deformation processes within an accretionary prism during the Early Cretaceous. The beds exhibit complicated structural features resulting from multistage deformations in a lithological unit, that were intimately related with the dewatering and lithification of terrigenous sediments. The earliest phase of deformation throughout the transect studied was the development of pinch-and-swell structures and boudinage fabrics due to layer-parallel extension while the beds were poorly consolidated. This was followed locally by mesoscopic tight to close recumbent folding. The beds are cut locally by two phases of mudstone intrusions. The earlier phase was initiated by 'in situ' fluidization of mudstone layers, whereas the later phase represented intrusion of siliceous claystone probably derived from an overpressured decollement. Minor faults at high-angles to bedding by layer-normal shortening then disrupted the beds throughout the transect. The deformation was followed by formation of meso- and macroscopic scale open to gentle folds by layer-parallel shortening. Kilometer-scale differential stratal rotations were produced during the final main tectonic phase that occurred in association with post-accretion Neogene regional disturbance.  相似文献   

Crustal structure, accretionary processes and rift propagation: a gravity study of the intermediate-spreading Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin     

Christine Peirce  Ian M. Turner  Martin C. Sinha 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,146(1):53-73

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Porphyrins in coal     

R. Bonnett 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1996,32(1-4)

The background to recent developments in investigations on coal porphyrins is reviewed. Essentially all the work of the past ten years has been with lignites and coals of the humic series. The concentrations of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are low (0-ca. 10 μg g⁻¹), which makes for difficulties in isolation and analysis.The preferred methods of isolation and analysis are summarised. The coal porphyrins differ from the porphyrins from crude oil, oil shale and related deposits in a variety of ways which are discussed. The major differences are the predominance of the etio series over the cycloetio series (DPEP series), the presence of Fe and Ga porphyrins (rather than Ni and VO porphyrins), and the presence of mesoporphyrin IX in lignite.Recent results tend to support Treibs' original idea (1935) that, for the coal porphyrins, both chlorophyll and iron porphyrin (haem) sources are important. The application of a weighted mean molecular mass of the porphyrins present as a biological marker in determining coal rank (Porphyrin Index of Coalification) is illustrated. Current activity is directed to the isolation and identification of individual iron complexes, and here a combination of thin layer chromatography and paramagnetically shifted ¹H-NMR spectroscopy (of dicyanoferrihaems), together with direct comparison with authentic haems especially synthesised for the purpose, has been rewarding.  相似文献   

北祁连中段俯冲—增生杂岩／火山弧的时代探讨   总被引：52，自引：2，他引：52       下载免费PDF全文

张建新  许志琴  陈文  徐惠芬 《岩石矿物学杂志》1997,16(2):112-119

北祁连中段俯冲－增生杂岩／火山弧由俯冲－增生杂岩和火山弧两个单元所组成，前者以早奥陶世具洋壳性质的蛇绿岩、蛇绿混杂岩及深海复理石为主体，夹中、晚寒武世大陆裂谷及洋陆过渡环境的火山岩及碎屑岩块。同位素年代学显示俯冲－增生杂岩的深部单元经历了４８９—４４０Ｍａ的ＨＰ／ＬＴ变质作用，而火山弧的形成时代为４９５—４６６Ｍａ，它们均形成于Ｏ１—Ｏ２期间早古生代祁连洋向北俯冲在阿拉善地块之下的俯冲作用  相似文献   

Mantle Bouguer Anomaly Along an Ultra Slow-Spreading Ridge: Implications for Accretionary Processes and Comparison with Results from Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge     

Rommevaux-Jestin  Céline  Deplus  Christine  Patriat  Philippe 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1997,19(6):481-503

A three-dimensional analysis of gravity andbathymetry data has been achieved along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR)between the Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) and the Atlantis II transform,in order to define the morphological and geophysical expression ofsecond-order segmentation along an ultra slow-spreading ridge(spreading rate of 8 mm/yr), and to compare it with awell-studied section along a slow-spreading ridge (spreadingrate of 12.5 mm/yr): the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 28°and 31°30 N.Between the Atlantis II transform and theRTJ, the SWIR axis exhibits a deep axial valley with an 30°oblique trend relative to the north–south spreading direction. Onlythree transform faults offset the axis, so the obliquity has to beaccommodated by the second-order segmentation. Alongslow-spreading ridges such as the MAR, second-order segmentshave been defined as linear features perpendicular to the spreadingdirection, with a shallow axial valley floor at the segment midpoint,deepening to the segment ends, and are associated with Mantle BouguerAnomaly (MBA) lows. Along the SWIR, our gravity study reveals the presenceof circular MBA lows, but they are spaced further apart than expected. Thesegravity lows are systematically centred over narrow bathymetric highs, andinterpreted as the centres of spreading cells. However, along some obliquesections of the axis, the valley floor displays small topographicundulations, which can be interpreted as small accretionary segments frommorphological analysis, but as large discontinuity domains from thegeophysical data. Therefore, both bathymetry and MBA variations have to beused to define the second-order segmentation of an ultraslow-spreading ridge. This segmentation appears to be characterisedby short segments and large oblique discontinuity domains. Analysis of alongaxis bathymetric and gravimetric profiles exhibits three different sectionsthat can be related to the thermal structure of the lithosphere beneath theSWIR axis.The comparison between characteristics of segmentationalong the SWIR and the MAR reveals two major differences: first, the poorcorrelation between MBA and bathymetry variations and second, the largerspacing and amplitude of MBA lows along the SWIR compared to the MAR. Theseobservations seem to be correlated with the spreading rate and the thermalstructure of the ridge. Therefore, the gravity signature of the segmentationand thus the accretionary processes appear to be very different: there areno distinct MBA lows on fast-spreading ridges, adjacent ones on slowspreading ridges and finally separate ones on ultra slow-spreadingridges. The main result of this study is to point out that 2nd ordersegmentation of an ultra slow-spreading ridge is characterised bywide discontinuity domains with very short accretionary segments, suggestingvery focused mantle upwelling, with a limited magma supply through a cold,thick lithosphere. We also emphasise the stronger influence of themechanical lithosphere on accretionary processes along an ultra slow-spreading ridge.  相似文献   

安徽沿江地区中生代碰撞后到造山后岩浆活动和壳幔相互作用——来自火山-侵入杂岩和岩石包体的证据   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

杜杨松 曹毅袁万明  楼亚儿李顺庭 鲁鑫 《岩石学报》2007,23(6):1294-1302

安徽沿江地区地处长江深大断裂带的中部,构造上隶属由华北板块与扬子板块在 T_2—J_2发生陆-陆碰撞形成的大别造山带的前陆带。在 J_3—K_1时期,区内发生了岩石圈伸展减薄背景下的碰撞后到岩石圈拆沉背景下的造山后岩浆活动和相应的壳幔相互作用,形成了广泛分布的碰撞后到造山后火山-侵入杂岩组合。碰撞后岩浆活动大致发生在125～145Ma,铜陵地区辉长岩包体和大量堆积岩的形成标志着这一时期的开始,而富碱岩浆岩的形成标志着这一时期的结束。在这一时期形成的岩石中,繁昌盆地中的中分村组和赤砂组火山岩以及南部侵入岩属于碰撞后岩浆岩组合中的过铝质的长英质岩套;由中部铜陵地区的中酸性侵入岩和北外带侵入岩等构成的中钾-高钾钙碱性岩系和由铜陵地区的中基性侵入岩、庐枞盆地龙门院组和砖桥组火山岩、宁芜盆地龙王山组和大王山组火山岩以及沿长江两岸呈 NE 方向分布的富碱岩浆岩构成的橄榄安粗岩系属于碰撞后岩浆岩组合中的准铝质的镁铁质-长英质火成岩岩套。造山后岩浆作用大致发生在105～125Ma。宁芜地区辉长岩的侵入标志着这一时期的开始,而宁芜和庐枞地区过碱性岩的形成标志着这一时期的结束。在这一时期形成的岩石中,由繁昌盆地蝌蚪山组火山岩和庐枞盆地双庙组火山岩以及宁芜盆地辉长岩侵入体组成的碱性岩系和由庐枞盆地浮山组火山岩和宁芜盆地娘娘山组火山岩组成的过碱性岩系属于造山后碱性-过碱性火成岩岩套。与碰撞后到造山后岩浆活动相对应,在安徽沿江地区中生代发生了两期壳幔相互作用。其中早期壳幔相互作用表现为起源于岩石圈地幔上部圈层的底侵玄武岩浆与中下地壳间强烈的相互作用,而晚期壳幔相互作用表现为起源于岩石圈地幔下部圈层的玄武岩浆与中下地壳间微弱的相互作用。  相似文献   

河南崤山地区伸展滑脱作用及其与金矿的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

尹维青  李建旭 《矿产与地质》2007,21(2):136-140

文章以碰撞造山后伸展滑脱作用及其成矿理论为指导,根据地质、地球物理、遥感等成果资料,重点阐述了崤山地区拆离滑脱构造特征及其与金矿的关系。研究认为,崤山地区具有良好的找矿前景,有必要进一步加大找矿勘探力度。  相似文献   

藏南萨迦拉轨岗日变质核杂岩的厘定及其成因   总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24  

李德威刘德民  廖群安张雄华 袁宴明 《地质通报》2003,22(5):303-307

藏南拉轨岗日带出露一系列穹状隆起，具有变质核杂岩体典型的3层结构型式。变质核由拉轨岗日岩群变质杂岩及侵入其中的花岗岩组成，围绕变质核发育多层顺层拆离断层，盖层主要为晚古生代和中生代浅变质岩石。拉轨岗日变质核杂岩与高喜马拉雅变质核杂岩之间存在密切的时空联系，是喜马拉雅造山作用及相关隆升作用过程中发生热隆伸展的结果。  相似文献   

Kurosegawa Terrane as a Transform Fault Zone in Southwest Japan     

Kiyoshi Kato  Yukiyasu Saka 《Gondwana Research》2003,6(4):669-686

The Kurosegawa Terrane intervening in the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous accretionary complexes along the Pacific side of the SW Japanese Islands is a serpentinite mélange zone. It contains various kinds of exotic rocks, for example, granitoids, metamorphic rocks, Siluro-Devonian deposits and is intimately associated with Cretaceous forearc basin deposits. The terrane is regarded as a key to clarify the Mesozoic geotectonic history of the western circum-Pacific orogenic belts. The current model, in which the formation of the Kurosegawa Terrane is attributed to nappe-movement or sinistral strike-slip faulting, can explain neither the mode of occurrence of the Kurosegawa Terrane we observed in eastern Kii Peninsula nor the array of evidence obtained from the Ryoke Terrane southward to the Shimanto Terrane. We suggest a new hypothesis in which the Kurosegawa Terrane was a transform fault zone that originated because of oceanic ridge subduction along the southern margin of the coeval accretionary prism (Butsuzo T.L.) in the late Early Cretaceous. Our model is mainly based on new geological evidence from the Kurosegawa Terrane in eastern Kii Peninsula where the deepest erosion level is exposed due to neotectonic uplift.  相似文献