贡嘎山东坡亚高山森林区蒸散力的估算   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

周杨明  程根伟  杨清伟 《山地学报》2002,20(2):135-140

以海螺沟 30 0 0m气象站的观测资料为基础 ,运用Penman公式法　空气饱和差法和桑斯维特公式法 ,计算了贡嘎山东坡亚高山林林的年平均蒸散力 ,其结果为分别为 431 81mm、171 4mm和 44 6 4mm。通过分析蒸散力的影响因素 ,对这三种计算蒸散力的方法作了比较 ,对计算结果存在的差异作了比较合理的解释 ,认为用Penman公式法可以估计出本研究区的蒸散力。同时 ,对蒸散力及其影响因自进行了相关分析 ,指出湿度和风不是速制约研究区蒸散力的主导因子 ,并分析了蒸散力与水面蒸发的关系 ,由此推导出估算蒸散力的简便方程 :PE =6 6 77 0 6 91E60 1 0 75 1ITm 0 0 396Pm。  相似文献   

A general model for estimating actual evaporation from non-saturated surfaces     

Qiu Xinfa Ph.D  Zeng Yan  Liu Changming 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(4):479-484

Based on energy balance equation and mass transfer equation, a general model to estimate actual evaporation from non-saturated surfaces was derived. Making use of two concepts, “relative evaporation” and “relative drying power”, a relationship was established to account for the departure from saturated conditions. Using this model, the actual evaporation (evapotranspiration) can be calculated without the need of potential evaporation estimation. Furthermore, the model requires only a few meteorological parameters that are readily and routinely obtainable at standard weather stations. Based on nearly 30 years data of 432 meteorological stations and 512 hydrological stations in China, in combined with GIS, nine typical river basins were selected. Using the data of the selected river basins, the model was tested. The results show that the actual evaporation rate can be estimated with an error of less than 10% in most areas of China, except few years in the Yellow River Basin.  相似文献   

基于遥感的黄河三角洲蒸散的动态分析     

潘志强  刘高焕  周成虎 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(4):408-415

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important parameter for water resource management. Compared to the traditional ET computation and measurement methods, the ET computation method based on remote sensing has the advantages of quickness, precision, raster mapping and regional scale. SEBAL, an ET computation model using remote sensing method is based on the surface energy balance equation which is a function of net radiance flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux. The former three fluxes can be computed through the parameters retrieved from remote sensing image, then the latent heat flux can be obtained to provide energy for ET. Finally we can obtain the daily ET. In this study SEBAL was applied to compute ET in the Yellow River Delta of China where water resource faces a rigorous situation. Three Landsat TM images and meteorology data of 1999 were used for ET computation, and spatial and temporal change patterns of ET in the Yellow River Delta were analysed.  相似文献   

蒸发皿系数Kp计算方法研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周振民 《水文》2003,23(1):21-23

应用指标回归法和定性（风速和相对湿度）定量（吹程）资料，建立了蒸发皿系数Kp计算方程，并用黄河下游引黄灌区48个观测站实测资料进行了验证计算。计算结果表明，应用该方程，可大大改善Kp值的计算精度。  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE YANGTZE DELTA REGION FOR PAST 40 YEARS AND MAIN INFLUENCE FACTORS^*          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Jingmiao  ZHOU Xiuji  DING Guoan  LU Longhua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2003,17(2):178-189

The Kotoda-Bortan (KB) model (Liu and Kotoda 1998) used for estimating evapotranspiration was modified.The monthly evapotranspiration for various surfaces in the Yangtze Delta (118-123°E,28-33°N) was calculated using the modified model,and the annual regional average of evapotranspiration from 1961 to 1998 was obtained using a weighting method.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of evapotranspiration were analyzed.It is found that the regional averaged annual evapotranspiration has a decreasing trend over the past 40 years;the value dropped by about 24mm from 1961 to 1998.The main reason for this tendency is due to the change of land surface condition.Compared with the case of 1980,the current proportions of paddy field,farmland and water surface have decreased by 1.353%,4.42% and 2.597% respectively,while the proportions of urban area and non-agriculture land have increased by 3.345%.These changes clearly result in a decrease of the regional averaged evapotranspiration.  相似文献   

数字地震数据的处理研究—真实地面运动的复原   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

何少林  李海亮 《地震地磁观测与研究》1997,18(6):52-58

讨论了在频域中真实地面运动的复原问题，借助于一个稳定的六阶带通滤波器可使地震仪反演系统趋于稳定，最后由关分方程递归求出真实地动位移，结果表明，对同一个地震，不同的仪器其原始响应不同，但由其复原的真实地面运动结果却有相当好的一致性。这证明了所采用的复原方法的可用性。  相似文献   

中国荒漠化气候类型划分与潜在发生范围的确定   总被引：45，自引：6，他引：45  

兹龙骏  吴波 《中国沙漠》1997,17(2):107-111

根据联合国防治荒漠化公约的有关规定，运用Ｔｈｏｒｎｔｈｗａｉｔｅ计算可能蒸散量的方法作出了第一张中国荒漠化气候类型分布图，首次确定了中国荒漠化的潜在发生范围。结果表明，中国荒漠化潜在发生范围约３３１７０３２．２ｋｍ２，占国土面积的３４．６％，分布于全国１８个省（自治区，直辖市），４７０个县（市、旗）。其中亚湿润干旱区总面积为７５１１６１．９ｋｍ２，占国土面积的７．８％；半干旱区总面积为１１３９２１４．２ｋｍ２，占国土面积的１１．９％；干旱区总面积为１４２６６５６．１ｋｍ２，占国土面积的１４．９％。  相似文献   

Estimation of Regional Evapotranspiration by Combining Aircraftand Ground-Based Measurements     

P. R. Isaac  R. Leuning  J. M. Hacker  H. A. Cleugh  P. A. Coppin  O. T. Denmead  M. R. Raupach 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,110(1):69-98

Two methods are examined for combining measurements from instrumented aircraftand towers to estimate regional scale evapotranspiration. Aircraft data provided spatially averaged values of properties of the surface, the evaporative fraction and maximum stomatal conductance. These quantities are less sensitive to meteorological conditions than the turbulent fluxes of heat and water vapour themselves. The methods allowed aircraft data collected over several days to be averaged and thus to reduce the random error associated with the temporal under-sampling inherent in aircraft measurements. Evaporative fraction is estimated directly from the aircraft data, while maximum stomatal conductance is estimated by coupling the Penman–Monteith equation to a simple model relating surface conductance to the incoming shortwave radiation and specific humidity saturation deficit. The spatial averages of evaporative fraction and maximum stomatal conductance can then be used with routine tower data to estimate the regional scale evapotranspiration. Data from aircraft flights and six ground based sites during the OASIS field campaign in south–east New South Wales in 1995 have been used to check the methods. Both the evaporative fraction and the maximum stomatal conductance derived from the aircraft data give information on the spatial variability of the surface energy budget at scales from 10 to 100 km. Daily averaged latent heat fluxes estimated using these methods for the OASIS study region agree with the available observations in quasi-stationary conditions or in weakly non-stationary conditions when the data from several aircraft flights are averaged to reduce the impact of short term imbalances in the surface energy budget.  相似文献   

Estimation of annual actual evapotranspiration from nonsaturated land surfaces with conventional meteorological data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

QIU Xinfa  ZENG Yan  MIAO Qilong & YU Qiang . Department of Geography  Nanjing Institute of Meteorology  Nanjing  China  . Institute of Geographic Sciences  Natural Resources Research  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(3)

Land surface evapotranspiration is an important component both in earth surface heat and water bal-ance, on whose budgets weather and climate depend, to a great extent, for their changes are responsible for the formation and variation of vegetation features on the globe. Besides, the evapotranspiration is an im-portant topic of short-term flood forecasting and the estimation of runoff from mountainous sides. As a result, the problem as to the evapotranspiration has been one of the concerns in …  相似文献   

基于能量平衡的蒸散发遥感反演模型研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

庞治国  付俊娥  李纪人  肖乾广 《水科学进展》2004,15(3):364-369

提出了基于能量平衡方法遥感反演蒸散发的计算模型。采用经验、半经验公式反演计算了模型中各参数。利用提出的净辐射折算系数、波文比,结合Sequin和Itier理论推导了日蒸散发量计算的经验模型,并考虑了温度对瞬时蒸散发量的的影响,提高了全天蒸散发量计算的精度。对于不同地区只要调整净辐射折算系数便可解决由蒸散发瞬时值求算全天值的困难。通过对黑龙江省进行数值试验,证明该模型具有很强的实用性,并且可为旱情监测系统运行提供依据。  相似文献