土地利用方式对土壤有机碳和团聚体组分特征的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

贾重建  刘红宜  卢瑛  陈冲  熊凡  崔启超 《热带地理》2014,34(5):681-689

以广东省内第四纪红色黏土、玄武岩和花岗岩母质发育的土壤为研究对象,采集不同土地利用方式（水田、旱地、林地、果园/草地）下表层（0~15 cm）和亚表层（15~30 cm）土壤,研究土壤有机碳及其组分（腐殖质碳、易氧化有机碳）、土壤团聚体及其稳定性,分析土壤有机碳及其组分与土壤团聚体及其稳定性之间的相互关系。结果表明：土地利用类型、成土母质等影响土壤有机碳及其组分。3种母质发育的土壤中,各腐殖质组分占有机碳的比例是胡敏酸碳（HAC）＜富里酸碳（FAC）＜胡敏素碳（HMC）,第四纪红色黏土母质发育土壤腐殖酸碳（HAC＋FAC）以草地最高、水田最低;玄武岩、花岗岩母质发育土壤腐殖酸碳以果园最高。土壤中易氧化有机碳所占比例均高于惰性态,第四纪红色黏土母质发育土壤易氧化有机碳占有机碳比例以草地最高、旱地最低;玄武岩、花岗岩为果园最高、林地最低。3种母质发育土壤团聚体（湿筛）主要以＜0.25 mm微团聚体为主,表层土壤＞0.25 mm团聚体所占比例、团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、团聚体破坏率（PAD）大于亚表层。土壤有机碳各组分均随着有机碳质量分数的增加而增加,＞0.25 mm团聚体质量分数和团聚体MWD随着土壤有机碳及其组分质量分数的增加而增大;PAD随着土壤易氧化碳组分质量分数增加而降低,易氧化有机碳组分有利于土壤中形成较大的团聚体,并增加团聚体水稳性。  相似文献   

AGGREGATE STABILITY OF SOILS IN CENTRAL SPAIN AND THE ROLE OF LAND MANAGEMENT     

J. L. TERNAN  A. ELMES  A. G. WILLIAMS  R. HARTLEY 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1996,21(2):181-193

The paper examines the relationships between soil aggregate stability, selected soil properties and land use in central Spain. Aggregate stability indices derived from three procedures were found to be significantly (p > 0.01) correlated with each other as well as with clay content, organic carbon and a range of water-soluble salts. Soils with a higher clay content have a lower aggregate stability. It appears that the presence of expandable clays has a major negative influence, although this impact is strongly modified by recent land-use history and contemporary land-management practices. Agricultural land, abandoned in the 1940s, was subsequently invaded by Cistus matorral or planted with Pinus. The most stable aggregates occur under matorral and may represent a lag of more resistant aggregates surviving past land-use-related erosional processes. Comparisons with aggregates under Pinus however suggest that hydrophobic substances from the Cistus may have increased aggregate stability. Aggregates from areas remaining in cultivation are the least resistant although the stability envelope overlaps with areas under Pinus. These differences may be related to cultivation practices whereby clay-rich subsurface horizons characterized by higher proportions of expandable clays are drawn to the surface, and to enhancement of aggregate stability under forest by fungal hyphae.  相似文献   

相似材料试验研究   总被引：48，自引：5，他引：43  

左保成  陈从新  刘才华  沈强  肖国峰  刘小巍 《岩土力学》2004,25(11):1805-1808

结合反倾岩层边坡失稳破坏机理的相似模型研究,对灰岩的相似材料进行了试验,研究了相似材料中骨料与胶结物的配比、胶结物中胶结材料的配比及不同的养护方式对试块强度的影响规律。实验结果表明,用石英砂、石膏和水泥来模拟岩体介质是可行的。无论采用何种养护方式,石膏样的强度与砂胶比呈双曲线关系,而混合样的强度变化规律则呈抛物线变化。石膏样或混合样烘干后的强度均比烘干后放置一段时间的强度高。对于石膏样,其风干的强度随着时间的增加而逐渐增大,而对于混合样,其风干的强度随着时间呈现无规律的变化。这些研究成果为岩石力学相似模型试验提供了依据。  相似文献   

不同应力路径下土石混填体变形力学特性大型三轴试验研究     

王江营  曹文贵  蒋中明  赵志鹏 《岩土力学》2016,37(2):424-430

为更加全面地掌握土石混填体的变形、力学特性,采用大型三轴剪切仪分别在常规路径、等应力比路径和等p路径下对不同含石量的土石混填体进行了一系列试验研究。试验结果表明,在低围压下土石混填体的应变软化特征并不明显,其黏聚力普遍较低,而内摩擦角则较高,随试样的含石量从25%增加到70%,其内摩擦角和变形模量亦会随之增加。土石混填体在常规路径和等p路径下的应力-应变关系曲线比较相似,其所求得的抗剪强度指标亦比较接近;而等应力比路径下的应力-应变关系曲线的形态和发展过程均与之存在明显差别。土石混填体在常规路径下具有低压剪胀和高压剪缩的特性,含石量越高,低压剪胀性越明显,反之,则高压剪缩性更为显著;等应力比路径下试样的体积应变与轴向应变之间近似呈线性关系,其斜率随应力比增加而减小;等p路径下试样则是以剪胀性为主,尤其在平均主应力较低时更为显著。  相似文献   

粗粒料颗粒破碎数值模拟研究     

杨贵  许建宝  刘昆林 《岩土力学》2015,36(11):3301-3306

粗粒料在外力作用下存在明显的颗粒破碎特性,研究颗粒破碎过程是当前研究的热点问题之一。基于粗粒料单颗粒破碎机制,考虑单颗粒破碎强度与直径的变化规律,采用非线性接触H-Z模型和密度控制法建立了粗粒料颗粒破碎数值模型。开展粗粒料双轴剪切试验数值模拟研究,并与室内试验结果进行对比分析。研究表明：建立的粗粒料颗粒破碎数值模型能够较好地模拟粗粒料偏应力与轴向应变和体积应变与轴向应变的关系;数值模拟获得的粗粒料颗粒破碎率与室内试验结果基本一致;去除试样制备过程和固结过程引起的颗粒破碎,不同围压条件下的颗粒破碎率归一化后基本重合,且可以近似地采用双曲线函数进行拟合。颗粒破碎率随着围压的增大,逐渐增大,试验级配趋于Einav提出的颗粒破碎的最终级配（分维数等于2.6）  相似文献   

Causes of land loss in Tuvalu,a small island nation in the pacific     

XUEChunting 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):115-123

Studies on land loss in Tuvalu reveal the following findings. Although both sea level rise and coastal erosion can cause land loss in the tropic Pacific oceanic islands, their mechanisms are different. When sea level rises, the low elevation coastal zone submerges and the erosion datum plane rises, the beach process progresses normally as always, resulting in no beach sediment coarsening. When the sea level is stable, coastal erosion removes finer sediment from reef flat, beach and land, resulting in beach sediment coarsening. The human-induced coastal erosion in the tropic Pacific oceanic islands has the following features. 1) Erosion occurs or intensifies immediately after inappropriate human activities. 2) It occurs near the places having human activities and places related to the above places in sediment supply. 3) It often occurs on original prograding or stable coasts (on lagoon coasts for atolls) because there are more coastal engineering projects and other human activities on such coasts. 4) It is chronic, covering a long period of time. The coastal geological events in Tuvalu islands do not accord with the features resulted from sea level rise but do accord with the features resulted from coastal erosion, particularly from human-induced erosion. The land loss in Tuvalu is mainly caused by inappropriate human activities including coastal engineering and aggregate mining, and partly caused by cyclones. Moreover, all recent measurements (satellite altimetry,thermosteric sea level data and tide observations) so far have not been able to verify any sea level rise around Tuvalu islands.  相似文献   

碎石集料变形机理的块体元数值试验分析     

马正涛  李双洋  赵永春  李根 《冰川冻土》2020,42(4):1267-1274

块碎石作为道砟材料能够分散列车动荷载, 加之其内部含有大量空隙, 具有良好的对流换热特性, 作为冷却冻土路基的材料在青藏铁路建设中被广泛使用。但在列车荷载的作用下, 碎石集料会发生压密、 变形乃至破碎从而影响冷却效果。因此, 研究碎石层的变形过程及机理具有十分重要的现实意义。基于块体离散元法, 对块碎石集料的三轴剪切试验进行了数值分析, 将所得应力-应变曲线与室内试验结果进行了对比, 发现两者能较好地吻合, 说明块体离散元法能够较好地模拟块碎石集料的受力变形过程。结果表明： 增大围压或块体粒径, 块体单元受到的作用力加强, 集料的偏应力强度和抗剪强度值也随之增大。碎石块体在剪切作用下沿其接触面滑动分离, 形成X形剪切带是集料变形的主要形式, 此外在径向方向出现不同程度的扩张。基于试验和块体元研究路基碎石层的思路和方法可为今后评估青藏铁路碎石路基的热力稳定性提供理论依据和参数储备。  相似文献   

Mapping an aggregate extraction site off the Eastern English Channel: A methodology in support of monitoring and management     

Silvana N.R. Birchenough  Siân E. BoydKoen Vanstaen  Roger A. CogganDavid S. Limpenny 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Each year approximately 23–28 million tonnes of sand and gravel are removed from offshore sediments around England and Wales. This study was located in a licensed marine aggregate extraction site off Shoreham in the Eastern English Channel (EEC thereafter). Results from the multibeam survey showed the presence of dredged pits created by suction hopper dredging and elongated furrows created by trailer suction hopper dredging in the area where sand and gravel had been excavated. Electronic Monitoring System (EMS) contained the dredging intensity recorded annually at the site; this information was combined with particle size data providing interpreted maps, which informed the status of the sediments at the site.  相似文献   

具有空间关系约束的时空数据聚集查询语义理论     

刘新  李成名  刘文宝 《测绘科学》2009,34(3)

由于时空数据集变得越来越庞大,逐个研究数据库中的实体变得非常困难,分析数据库中具有共性元组集的聚集信息变得越来越重要。具有空间关系约束的聚类信息隐含了信息的变化趋势,这些信息对于制定决策是非常重要的。本文根据时空数据库中时空聚集查询,研究了具有空间关系(拓扑关系、方向关系、距离关系和位置关系)约束的聚集查询理论,解决了在某一时刻,与给定元组具有某种空间关系的元组集的聚集查询。  相似文献   

Influence of albumen on aggregation and O<Subscript>2</Subscript> evolution of protoplasm from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bryopsis hypnoides</Emphasis> Lamourou     

李映霞  王广策 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4):363-368

The extruded protoplasm from the coenocytic green alga, Bryopsis hypnoides Lamouroux, was able to reform a cell wall and develop further into a mature alga in seawater. In this paper, the influence of albumen on the ability of aggregation and on the photosynthesis of protoplasm was examined. Results show that the protoplasm of B. hypnoides could aggregate in either albumen or chicken egg, which is similar to that in seawater. However unlike in seawater, the aggregation from B. hypnoides in albumen and chicken egg failed to develop into a mature individual. Interestingly, the protoplasm of B. hypnoides could maintain its photosynthetic O2 evolution in albumen and chicken egg, while the time in chicken egg was longer than that in albumen.  相似文献