混合充填骨料胶结充填强度试验与最优配比决策研究     

杨啸  杨志强  高谦  陈得信 《岩土力学》2016,37(Z2):635-641

将全尾砂作为充填料进行充填法采矿,不仅可以降低采矿成本,而且还能够实现固体废弃物资源化利用,同时将固体废弃物充填地下保护环境,维护生态平衡。由于尾砂粒径较细,需要与棒磨砂、戈壁砂混合作为充填料应用于充填采矿,有必要开展混合充填骨料的配比优化研究。首先,分别测试了棒磨砂、戈壁砂和尾砂3种骨料的粒径级配和不均匀系数。然后进行了9组配比的胶结充填体强度试验,在该基础上对试验样本进行训练,建立了神经网络预测模型。最后采用该预测模型,进行混合充填骨料正交设计方案的充填体强度预测,并分别采用极差分析和回归分析,揭示了充填体强度与混合充填骨料特征值之间的关系。研究发现,混合骨料平均粒径和不均匀系数不同,充填体早期和后期强度存在显著差异;平均粒径较小的混合骨料早期强度较高,而平均粒径较大者则更利于提高充填体的后期强度。  相似文献   

考虑颗粒破碎引起级配演变的粗粒料屈服函数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙逸飞  刘汉龙  杨贵 《岩土力学》2013,34(12):3479-3484

级配作为粗粒料的重要物理特性,显著影响着粗粒料本身的力学性质。准确预测土体在加载过程中的级配演变,是有效分析土体结构全寿命周期强度和变形特性的基础。引入Einav的分形破碎理论,认为土体在加载过程中的颗粒破碎耗能增量正比于颗粒分形破碎率增量,结合考虑颗粒破碎的能量平衡方程,选取已有文献中的试验数据,对粗粒料加载过程中的级配演变进行了研究,提出了一种预测试样加载过程中级配演变的方法。在此基础上,建立了一个可以反映粗粒料级配演变的屈服函数,对该屈服面函数进行了初步探讨。每一个屈服面对应土体的一个级配演化曲线;屈服面是土体剪切应变的等值面,屈服面的轨迹和剪应变大小密切相关。  相似文献   

Predicting physical equations of soil detachment by simulated concentrated flow in Ultisols (subtropical China)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jun‐guang Wang  Zhao‐xia Li  Chong‐fa Cai  Wei Yang  Ren‐ming Ma  Guo‐biao Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(6):633-641

Soil detachment in concentrated flow is due to the dislodging of soil particles from the soil matrix by surface runoff. Both aggregate stability and shear strength of the topsoil reflect the erosion resistance of soil to concentrated runoff, and are important input parameters in predicting soil detachment models. This study was conducted to develop a formula to predict soil detachment rate in concentrated flow by using the aggregate stability index (As), root density (R_d) and saturated soil strength (σ_s) in the subtropical Ultisols region of China. The detachment rates of undisturbed topsoil samples collected from eight cultivated soil plots were measured in a 3.8 m long, 0.2 m wide hydraulic flume under five different flow shear stresses (τ = 4.54, 9.38, 15.01, 17.49 and 22.54 Pa). The results indicated that the stability index (As) was well related with soil detachment rate, particularly for results obtained with high flow shear stress (22.54 Pa), and the stability index (As) has a good linear relationship with concentrated flow erodibility factors (K_c). There was a positive linear relationship between saturated soil strength (σ_s) and critical flow shear stress (τ_c) for different soils. A significant negative exponential relationship between erodibility factors (K_c) and root density (R_d) was detected. This study yielded two prediction equations that allowed comparison of their efficiency in assessing soil detachment rate in concentrated flow. The equation including the root density (R_d) may have a better correlation coefficient (R² = 0.95). It was concluded that the formula based on the stability index (As), saturated soil strength (σ_s) and root density (R_d) has the potential to improve methodology for assessing soil detachment rate in concentrated flow for the subtropical Chinese Ultisols. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modifying Transition Matrix to Evaluate Soil Quality: A Case Study in Karst Region in the West‐Southern China     

Hui Shi  Hong‐Bo Shao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(12):1385-1391

The soil aggregate stability is a key property of soil quality and reflects soil quality and anti‐erosion ability. The transition matrix between initial and final aggregates condition was established by modifying Niewczas and Witkowska‐Walczak's method by not considering the artificial weights and each size of aggregates fraction on the basis of three reasonable assumptions, and soil aggregate stability index (ASI) was formed through preserving each size of aggregates probability. This ASI is identical to the result by reference, and the transition matrix can be showed to evaluate the soil aggregates stability. Using the transition matrix was furthermore to analyze anti‐breaking ability of different size aggregate by reference material. We found there were different effects for each size aggregate by four methods, simulation rainfall, one cycle of wetting–drying, ten cycles of wetting–drying, and Yoder wetting–sieving. The Yoder wetting–sieving is a severe method that destructed soil aggregates. The ASI by modifying transition matrix method was used to evaluate the aggregates stability under different land utilization in Karst region in Chongqing, China. The ASI of agricultural utilization was lower than abounded cultivated land, shrub‐grass land, secondary forest land, and primeval forest land. For some selected soil properties, when SOM content was <60 g/kg, ASI increased along with the SOM increase. Once the SOM content was >60 g/kg, the ASI was almost unchanged. The sorption moisture content of air‐drying acutely affected ASI too, and the ASI increased along the sorption moisture increasing. SOM content and sorption markedly affected the preserving probability of larger aggregates such as 10–5, 5–3, 3–2, 2–1, and 1–0.5 mm size class. Although CaCO₃ and clay content did not influence preserving probability of each size class of aggregates fiercely, but the influence on small aggregates was higher than that of larger aggregates. The modified transition matrix method could not only calculate soil aggregates stability index, but also analyze more parameters of aggregate experiment, and bring out the each size aggregates characteristics. Thus, the modified transition matrix method could be a better tool to understand soil quality.  相似文献   

西北机场道面砼腐蚀原因及防治措施探讨     

易法银  王亚平  韩宁 《工程地质学报》2001,9(4):399-403

对西北地区五个机场的工程地质条件进行了调查分析, 采用岩相分析、化学分析、电子显微镜、X光衍射等手段对砼集料、已腐蚀砼新生物及土、水的化学性质进行了实验检测, 并进行了在水泥中掺用粉煤灰抑制碱集料反应试验。初步认为工程地质条件是砼腐蚀的重要影响因素, 设置隔离层, 对场地不良地质进行治理和改良是防治腐蚀的有效措施之一。  相似文献   

水岩作用对川藏公路102滑坡形成与演化的影响   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

廖秋林  李晓  李守定  侯哲生 《工程地质学报》2003,11(4):390-395

10 2滑坡频繁活动造成了川藏公路运营的多次中断。本文立足于翔实的野外考察,从 10 2滑坡水岩作用的影响因素入手,指出川藏公路地区滑坡的水岩作用强烈且形式多样,并分析了水岩作用对 10 2滑坡形成与演化全过程的影响。最后,提出在 10 2滑坡防治中应重点考虑滑坡的水岩作用。  相似文献   

北京地区农田氮素养分随地表径流流失机理   总被引：74，自引：1，他引：74  

黄满湘  章申  张国梁  张秀梅 《地理学报》2003,58(1):147-154

田间模拟降雨径流试验研究了北京地区农田暴雨径流氮素流失与雨强、作物覆盖、施肥因子的关系，以及侵蚀泥沙的粒径分布特征和对氮的富集作用。结果表明：（1）降雨强度越大，地表径流模数和侵蚀模数增大，氮素流失越多；作物覆盖有效地减少地表水土和颗粒态氮流失；（2）颗粒态氮浓度占径流全氮浓度的88.9%(施尿素）和98％以上（未施氮肥），是农田径流氮损失的主要形态；（3）施用化学氮肥增大了农田径流溶解态氮浓度，化学氮肥容易通过地表径流流失；（4）侵蚀泥沙的团聚体组成和原来土壤有很大差异，粒径＜0.25mm的团聚体，尤其是含氮量较高的＜0.045mm团聚体的富集是侵蚀泥沙富集氮的主要原因。减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀，降低表土速效氮含量是减少农田地表径流氮养分流失的关键。  相似文献   

冀东太平寨—金厂峪地区石榴子石成因研究     

Chen Manyun 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1989,(4)

本文通过对冀东太平寨—金厂峪地区石榴子石的地质产状、成分特征和形成条件进行详细研究,认为P_(H2O)是控制石榴子石和角闪石产出的重要因素之一。该区石榴子石可分为与岩石中其它矿物呈平衡共生关系和呈反应边产出的两种类型,前者形成于820℃左右,压力在0.88～1GPa,相当于辉石麻粒岩亚相的变质条件;后者形成于770℃、1GPa,相当于角闪麻粒岩亚相的变质条件。  相似文献   

Proton and metal ion binding to natural organic polyelectrolytes—II. Preliminary investigation with a peat and a humic acid     

J.A. Marinsky  M.M. Reddy 《Organic Geochemistry》1984,7(3-4)

A unified physico-chemical model, based on a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, for the analysis of ion complexation reactions involving charged polymeric systems is presented and verified. In this model pH = pK_a+p(ΔK_a) + log(α/1 − α) where K_a is the intrinsic acid dissociation constant of the ionizable functional groups on the polymer, ΔK_a is the deviation of the intrinsic constant due to electrostatic interaction between the hydrogen ion and the polyanion, and alpha (α) is the polyacid degree of ionization. Using this approach pK_a values for repeating acidic units of polyacrylic (PAA) and polymethacrylic (PMA) acids were found to be 4.25 ± 0.03 and 4.8 ± 0.1, respectively. The polyion electrostatic deviation term derived from the potentiometric titration data (i.e. p(ΔK_a)) is used to calculate metal ion concentration at the complexation site on the surface of the polyanion. Intrinsic cobalt-polycarboxylate binding constants (7.5 for PAA and 5.6 for PMA), obtained using this procedure, are consistent with the range of published binding constants for cobalt-monomer carboxylate complexes. In two phase systems incorporation of a Donnan membrane potential term allows determination of the intrinsic pK_a of a cross-linked PMA gel, pK_a = 4.83, in excellent agreement with the value obtained for the linear polyelectrolyte and the monomer. Similarly, the intrinsic stability constant for cobalt ion binding to a PMA-gel (β_CoPMA+ = 11) was found to be in agreement with the linear polyelectrolyte analogue and the published data for cobalt-carboxylate monodentate complexes.  相似文献   

土石混合体的研究现状及研究展望   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

廖秋林  李晓  郝钊  王思敬  吴旻硕  赫建明 《工程地质学报》2006,14(6):800-807

土石混合体是不同于岩体与土体的一种地质材料,其物理力学特性的研究越来越受到工程界关注。本文首先介绍了土石混合体概念的提出,并以土石混合体在我国的广泛分布特点与工程中的诸多实际问题阐述了其研究具有重要的工程价值与理论意义。另一方面,通过大量与土石混合体相关的文献检索与分析,本文从力学试验、几何结构研究和数值模拟等不同方面总结了近年来土石混合体研究的成果,指出结构效应是土石混合体重要而又特有的一个特征,其几何结构模型与数值模拟的研究也取得了许多重要而有价值的成果。最后,针对土石混合体研究中仍存在的不足,本文展望并探讨了土石混合体今后的研究方向,提出了地质成因与物质组成结构特征、水与土石混合体的耦合作用、土石混合体三维数值模拟研究、以及土石混合体力学参数快速确定方法等4个方面的研究内容与研究思路。  相似文献