光合膜膜脂在八种海洋硅藻中的分布研究     

陈德莹  徐继林  严小军  周成旭 《海洋学报》2009,31(6):110-118

利用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对8种海洋硅藻的四种主要光合膜膜脂的分子结构和组成进行了定性定量分析。结果表明,海洋硅藻中MGDG含量最高,占四种光合膜膜脂的40%~70%左右,SQDG其次占10%~40%,而PG在4%~20%之间,DGDG占5%~20%;其中,各脂类分子的含量在0.14~99.79 nmol/mg干藻之间,而C_16:3/C_16:3-MGDG,C_20:5/C_16:3-MGDG,C_20:5/C_16:2-DGDG,C_20:5/C_16:1-DGDG,C_16:1/C_16:1-DGDG,C_14:0/C_14:0-SQDG,C_14:0/C_16:0-SQDG,C_14:0/16:1-SQDG,C_14:0/C_16:3-SQDG和C_18:1/C_18:1-PG等脂类分子在8种海洋硅藻的每一类膜脂中均有分布;与高等植物膜脂的脂肪酰基分布不同的是,海洋硅藻的MGDG与DGDG的sn-2位上的脂肪酸全部为C₁₆酸,可推断是通过类似高等植物典型的原核途径合成,而C₁₆酸和C₁₈酸在SQDG和PG的sn-2位上均有分布,可推断SQDG和PG存在原核和真核两种合成途径。  相似文献   

海洋环境中的厌氧氨氧化细菌与厌氧氨氧化作用     

姚鹏  于志刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(4):1-8

厌氧氨氧化是细菌在厌氧条件下将氨氮氧化成氮气的过程,主要应用在污水处理反应器中,最近几年发现在海洋环境中也广泛存在,并在海洋氮循环过程中发挥了重要作用,代表了海洋中一个巨大的氮汇,对碳循环和全球气候变化也有重要影响。梯烷膜脂结构独特,是厌氧氨氧化细菌的化学生物标志物,具有化学分类与古海洋学应用潜力。厌氧氨氧化作用及厌氧氨氧化细菌已成为海洋生物地球化学、微生物学、有机地球化学等研究领域的热点。  相似文献   

Phytopigments and fatty acids as molecular markers for the quality of near-bottom particulate organic matter in the North Sea     

A.R. Boon  G.C.A. Duineveld 《Journal of Sea Research》1996,35(4):279-291

In February, May and August 1994, four stations in the North Sea (viz. at the Broad Fourteens, Frisian Front, German Bight and Skagerrak) were visited to sample near-bottom particulate organic matter. Samples, taken by means of a pump, a sediment trap and a sediment recorder, were analysed on organic carbon, total nitrogen, phytopigments and fatty acids. These molecular markers were used to describe the nature and quality of the organic particles in the near-bottom water. Principal component analysis showed chlorophyll a, phaeopigments and fatty acids to be useful markers for the quality of organic matter and yield complementary information.The quality of the near-bottom particles appeared to be related to the local hydrography and depositional circumstances. The Broad Fourteens station, a non-depositional sandy site along the Dutch coast, showed organic particles to be relatively fresh, little influenced by resuspended sedimentary material. Near-bottom organic particles on this site contained relatively high shares of chlorophyll a and polyunsaturated fatty acids, characteristic of algal matter. On the other hand the particulate organic material on the two depositional locations, the Frisian Front and the German Bight stations, was influenced by resuspension of sedimentary organic particles poor in pigments and fatty acids. Amounts of carbon trapped in the near-bottom environment at the Skagerrak station were lower than expected from the literature.  相似文献   

Lipid and elemental composition of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) larvae at mixed and stratified sites in the German Bight of the North Sea     

Hakanson  J. L.; Coombs  S. H.; Re  P. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1994,51(2):147-154

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湖北麻城金罗家遗址古文化层的正构烷烃分布及其古植被意义     

邹胜利  朱俊英  熊北生  李仁成  金芳  谢树成 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(3):119-125

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对湖北麻城金罗家遗址古文化层样品进行了系统分析,检测出丰富的类脂物分子,包括正构烷烃、一元正脂肪酸、一元正脂肪醇和α-正构脂肪酮等,主要讨论正构烷烃类脂物的分布特征。正构烷烃的分布在各文化层不同,其中,在生土层以C17为主峰;西周文化层F2和F4两样品以C17和C31为双主峰,F3样品以C17为主峰;东周文化层主要以C17和C31为双主峰,而F 7以C31为主峰,F9以C17为主峰;唐宋文化层以C17和C31为双主峰;明清文化层以C31为主峰,现代耕植土层以C29为主峰。而正构烷烃高碳数C27/C31比值的变化反映出遗址域中木本植物与草本植物的相对变化,正构烷烃高碳数ACL值反映遗址域中的草本植物与木本植物之间的转变,有机δ13C表现为C3和C4植物,它们在本剖面上表现出多阶段的变化。因此,正构烷烃在不同的人类古文化层具有不同的分布特征,除了反映当时的微生物活动、植物属种的相互取代或分子沉积后的改造作用外,还可能蕴藏着当时的气候变化和古人类活动的信息,有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

东南极伏斯特福尔德丘陵地区爱丝湖的有机地球化学特征（一）     

杨和福 《海洋学研究》1993,11(2):43-54

本文利用TLC-FID和GC-MS等手段对取自东南极伏斯特福尔丘陵地区爱丝湖的柱状沉积物样的类脂物作了分析鉴定。其结果表明,该湖沉积物中的类脂物主要由烃类、长链脂以及酮、醇和甾醇组成,未发现三酰甘油醇,游离脂肪酸也极少量,而该湖水体颗粒物中却大量存在着三酰甘油醇。类脂物的分布特征表明该湖沉积物的强微生物效应,其中烃类的分布特征则说明该湖在1000年前曾有过全混合状态,从而可推断南极当时曾有过温暖的气候。  相似文献   

Distribution of lipids in modern soils from various regions with continuous climate (moisture-heat) change in China and their climate significance     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,(4)

Total 26 modern soil samples were collected from various regions under different climate conditions from tropical to arid temperate in China and systematically analyzed for their organic matters by GC/MS in order to evaluate climatic impacts on soil organic components. Abundant lipids molecules were recognized, including n-alkanes, n-alkenones, and long-chain branched alkanes. We find the pre- dominance of main peaks of long-chain n-alkanes (nC29, nC31, nC33) and short-chain ones (nC16, nC17, nC18) records information of soil generation in warm-humid and cold-dry regions. The proportion of n-alkanes (nC16 nC17 nC18) to (nC29 nC31 nC33) varies in good agreement with moisture-heat conditions and thus probably can serve as a new index for climate change. The ratios of C21-/nC22 , nC17/nC31 and (nC15 nC17 nC19) / ( nC27 nC29 nC31) of n-alkanes, indicating respectively input ratios of lower bacterial alga, aquatic organisms, and higher plants and terraneous organisms, co-vary well in different climate regions from forest to grassland and desert, suggesting that they have also reflected the difference of climates between monsoon region and inland one. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-2-one records largely the discrepancy of temperature from north to south of China bordered by the Qinling Mountains, but less humidity. The C21-/C22 ratio of n-alkan-3-ones changes well with climatic factors, such as tem- perature and humidity. The biogenic source of series A-D long-chain branched alkanes may be derived from some kinds of special epiphyte that most likely live in weak oxic-anoxic and moisture-heat envi- ronments, suggesting their distribution record as well some information on climatic change. All these researches demonstrate that the distributions of lipids molecules in modern soils in China record well signals of climates from quite different climatic regions, and can serve as important climatic proxies to reveal climatic change over China.  相似文献   

Microbial lipids from a nearshore sediment from Bowling Green Bay,North Queensland: The fatty acid composition of intact lipid fractions     

Frank T. Gillan  Mark W. Sandstrom 《Organic Geochemistry》1985,8(5):321-328

Samples from a sediment core collected in Bowling Green Bay, North Queensland have been analysed for hexane/isopropanol extractable lipids and fatty acids. These data revealed a subsurface lipid abundance maximum at 3–4 cm depth and consistent low total fatty acid abundances (ca 2 μg/g) in the deeper samples ( > 10 cm depth). Lipid phosphate was below the level of detection in all the samples. Bacterial community structure was found to vary markedly in the upper 10 cm of the core, with the 18:1Δ11 bacterial chemotype predominant in the surface sediment and trans-acid chemotypes dominating in the 3–4 cm depth sediment. Based on the fatty acid composition, the bacterial biomass was estimated to vary from 199 μg/g at 3–4 cm depth toca 8 μg/g at 11–13 cm depth, although the fatty acid distributions indicated possible interference from protozoan detritus. In order to test this possibility, a surface sediment sample from a nearby site was extracted and analysed for fatty acids in lipid fractions separated by silica column chromatography. The fatty acid distributions in lipid fractions containing wax/steryl esters, triacylglycerols, glycolipids and phospholipids were markedly different. These analyses were interpreted in terms of fatty acid contributions to the extractable lipids from bacteria, cyanobacteria, protozoan detritus and highly degraded organic matter.  相似文献   

Free and bound lipids in recent (1835–1987) sediments from Santa Barbara Basin     

M. Lajat  A. Saliot  A. Schimmelmann 《Organic Geochemistry》1990,16(4-6)

In order to study the first steps of incorporation of lipids in recent organic-rich sediments into free and bound fractions, we have selected the Santa Barbara Basin, off California. This basin with a maximum of 590 m water depth is characterized by high phytoplankton production in surface waters and a low oxygen content in bottom waters. Sediments show the following features: high sedimentation rate ≈ 4 mm/yr, no bioturbation, and development of a bacterial mat community at the surface with predominance of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria trapping particles, thus preventing re-distribution of sediment, which permit a unique observations of organic sedimentation on a new few years basis.A sediment core has been divided into 2 cm thick slices corresponding to a time resolution of ≈5 years, from 1835 up to 1987. Samples have been analyzed using a multi-parameter approach, such as for plankton species identification, carbon stable isotope ratios and, as reported here, for lipid organic tracers. Organic tracers have been analyzed in the sterol and fatty series for both free and bound compounds by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.The incorporation processes of sterols with depth appear different for free and bound compounds. Total free sterol concentrations show high values in surface sediments (≈ 100 μg/g dry sediment), rapidly decrease up to ≈ 10 cm depth and remain at a constant value of 30–40 μg/g. Total bound sterol concentrations show low values in surface sediment (13.6 μg/g), and vary irregularly with depth up to a value of 55 μg/g at 7.3 m, and then remain constant at 25–26 μg/g.Profiles of evolution with depth of free C₂₇, C₂₈ sterols show a regular decrease, whereas C₂₉ sterols show an irregular decrease with anomalies at 7.3 cm (approximately age: 1977–1978) and at 14.1 cm (1962–1964). Profiles of bound compounds are rather different, very regular for C₂₈ sterols, irregular with oscillations for C₂₇ and C₂₉ sterols at 7.3, 12.2 and 18.0 cm (1954–1956), suggesting a different mode of incorporation and probably different inputs for C₂₇, C₂₉ and C₂₈ sterols.The study of the kinetics of degradation of sterols between surface (1987) and 10.5 cm (1968–1972) shows that C₂₇ compounds are degraded at a slight higher rate (0.53 μg/μg of initial C₂₇ concentration/ year) than are C₂₈ and C₂₉ compounds (0.047 μg/μg of initial concentration/year). An intermediate value is found for brassicasterol: 0.049 μg/μg/year.  相似文献   

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Quantity of Food Available for Benthic Suspension-feeders in the Golfo Marconi (North-western Mediterranean)     

R. Danovaro  M. Fabiano 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1997,44(6):723-736

Suspended particulate matter was collected, from the water layer at 10 cm above the sediments, over a period of 13 months in the Golfo Marconi (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean). Measurements of seston concentration as well as the elemental (particulate organic carbon and nitrogen; POC and PON, respectively) and biochemical composition (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, DNA) of particulate organic matter were carried out to assess quality and quantity of food potentially available to benthic suspension-feeders. Particulate organic matter showed wide qualitative and quantitative variations during the sampling year. Seston concentrations and POC did not reflect the quantity and quality of the food available to benthic suspension-feeders. The biopolymeric fraction of particulate matter (C-BPF, i.e. the sum of lipid, protein and carbohydrate carbon) was mostly composed of phytoplankton (which accounted for about 60% of C-BPF). The ratio of C-BPF to POC was utilized as a measure of the fraction which had the potential to be more readily available to consumers. Suspended organic matter showed higher values of the C-BPF:POC ratio during spring, and lower values in summer and autumn–winter. Quantitative estimates of the energy content of the suspended particulate matter were obtained from its biochemical composition. Bacterial dynamics were significantly related to changes in phytoplankton biomass. Bacteria accounted for a significant fraction of the biopolymeric carbon pool (annual average about 15%) and of the total particulate DNA (21·5%), thus enhancing the nutritional value of the particulate organic matter. The results achieved in this study indicate that the biochemical composition of the particulate matter provides additional information on the origin, quality and characteristics of the seston more readily available to benthic suspension-feeders.  相似文献