复合生态区划的系统分级及其实证研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘邵权  陈国阶 《山地学报》2006,24(6):703-708

复合生态区划重在揭示不同复合生态地域单元的人类活动和自然环境的相似性与差异性，是进行区域复合生态系统研究的基础工作，对于研究不同复合生态地域单元的发展方向与功能定位具有重要的实践意义。比较分析了复合生态区划与自然区划、生态区划的异同点，简要回顾了自然区划、生态区划的历史演变与应用成效，阐述了复合生态区划的主要原则，提出了生态大区-生态区-生态省-生态地区的四级区划系统及其相应的指标体系与区划方法。根据复合生态系统结构特征及其生态服务功能定位的相似性与差异性，突出人工生态系统和社会文化要素的地位和作用，将四川省划分为2个生态大区、3个生态区、4个生态省和9个生态地区，该区划方案对于制订四川省的生态功能分区具有重要的参考价值，也可以有效地指导四川省的资源开发、产业结构调整和生态环境保护。  相似文献   

我国高寒草甸碳循环研究进展     

张伟  张宏  泽柏 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):266-274

在我国，高寒草甸是广布于青藏高原的主要植被类型之一，它对青藏高原大气与地面之间的能量平衡、水气交换、生物地球化学循环有着极其重要的作用。近年随着人们对全球气候变暖问题的日益关注，高寒草甸，这个全球气候敏感生态系统的源、汇动态及其影响因素的研究，成了认识全球碳循环的关键之一。分析了草地生态系统在碳循环研究中的地位和重要性，对我国高寒草地生态系统碳循环的研究现状作了较为详尽的阐述，包括植物、凋落物和土壤三大碳库以及主要含碳温室气体通量等。  相似文献   

高寒草甸氮素循环研究进展     

陈军雄  张宏泽柏 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):282-287

高寒草甸氮素循环过程中的物理过程、化学过程和生物过程与土壤、植物的发生、发育紧密联系，因此对物理、化学、生物三个不同过程高寒草甸氮素循环的研究现状进行了分析。  相似文献   

农牧交错带农田景观格局对土地生态环境安全的影响——以呼和浩特市为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

郝润梅  海春兴  雷军 《干旱区地理》2006,29(5):700-704

在GIS支持下,利用卫星遥感影像提供的信息和非遥感信息想结合的方法,获得研究区农田景观空间分布格局和生态环境现状数据资料。从区域农田生态系统特点和地区土地生态安全角度出发,通过对市域农田景观空间格局特征及其对土地生态环境安全影响的分析,显示出农田景观格局的空间差异性与破碎度高是农牧交错地区土地生态环境安全的重要影响因素。调整土地利用结构、加强地区土地整理与生态农业建设投入,是保证区域土地生态环境安全,促进区域社会经济可持续发展的主要途径。  相似文献   

青海北祁连中南沟水系沉积物地球化学特征     

高延光  杨忠芳  汪明启  刘丽华  刘艳青  唐金荣  郭莉 《物探与化探》2006,30(5):382-386

青海北祁连中南沟高山切割明显,坡下植被发育,属高寒草甸景观,不利于颗粒物质的机械迁移。该地区不同粒级水系沉积物中成矿元素变化趋势一致,含量衰减迅速且在细粒级富集,并主要为硫化物相。研究结果说明,在该地区常规水系碎屑沉积物测量方法存在一定问题。由于草甸发育,颗粒物质迁移受到抑止,水系碎屑沉积物仅出现在2~3级水系。因此,在普查阶段可能会漏掉许多矿化信息;由于受其分布所限,详查阶段无法保证采集到真正的水系沉积物,只能用坡积物代替,导致采样介质不统一。  相似文献   

长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李元寿  王根绪  王一博  王军德  贾晓红 《水科学进展》2006,17(5):616-623

在长江和黄河源区的左冒西孔曲和纳通河、垮热洼尔玛河流域的不同植被覆盖下建立了天然径流观测场,利用观测天然降水和人工模拟降水,初步研究了江河源区不同植被覆盖下降水的产流产沙效应。结果表明,长江黄河源区的3个小流域内,在典型高寒草甸草地30°坡面上,退化较为严重的30%覆盖度以下的场地内,地表径流产出量明显大于覆盖度较好的95%、92%和68%场地,同时产沙量显著高于这3个场地,其平均单次降水形成的泥沙量是这三种盖度的2~4倍,由此造成地表侵蚀量平均为这3种盖度的3~10倍。通过对几次典型的降水形态的分析,在长江黄河源区高寒草甸草地的坡面上,不但降水量影响着产流产沙量,降水形态也影响着产流产沙量,降雨仍是引起水土流失的主要降水形态,在降水量相同的条件下,降雪可比降雨和雨加雪增加产流量2.1~3.5倍,可比降雨减少泥沙侵蚀45.4%~80.3%。人工模拟结果表明:对于覆盖度为5%和30%的强度退化草地,次降水量在3.5 mm时,就形成了较为明显的径流和产沙效应,当次降雨量达到7 mm,降雨持续时间15 min,5 m2场地内就会形成1 400 mL以上的径流量;在地表土壤含水量(FDR测0~5 cm平均含水量为36.7%)较高的情况下,次降雨量达4mm,降雨强度超过0.4 mm/min,在5 m2场地内历时5 min就能形成1 060 mL的地表径流,每100 mL径流中含泥沙高达1.6 g。这一试验结果在长江黄河源区3个不同的河源小流域是一致的。  相似文献   

和田市5O年来气候变化对绿洲生态环境建设的启示     

艾尼瓦尔·依沙木丁  吾加阿不拉·白地  Ainiwaer·YISHAMUDING  Wujiaabula·BAIDI 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2006,29(5):20-22

总结和分析了和田市近50a来气候变化状况,发现和田市气候存在变暖、增湿、风速减少的趋势,认为绿洲生态环境与气候关系极为密切,并以其变化规律为依据,对和田市绿洲生态进一步建设问题,提出一些建议。  相似文献   

High precision Fe isotope measurement and applications in aquatic environmental studies     

Qianli XIE Peter Dillon Lewis Molot 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):204-204

In aquatic environment, iron redox reaction may occur through a） microbial activity and b） photo-chemistry. Iron chemistry plays a significant role in the health of aquatic ecosystems. For example, Fe^2＋ is more mobile than Fe^3＋. Iron can be bound to dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, and when Fe^2＋ is oxidized to Fe^3＋ （biotically or abiotically）, Fe is precipitated and induce co-precipitation of the DOC. Furthermore, iron is a major nutrient to aquatic organisms. Because Fe^2＋ is more bioavailable than Fe^3＋, iron redox chemistry can be a controlling factor in biological production, such as algae bloom which can be a public health concern. Experiments have shown that Fe redox reactions, biotically or abiotically, can generate significant Fe isotope fraction among different Fe species. Accordingly, analysis of Fe isotope composition of phytoplanktons can be a valuable tool in studying Fe dynamics in ecosystems. Precise measurement of Fe isotope, however, presents some challenges. Recent advances in mass spectrometry, specifically high resolution MC-ICP-MS, allow measurement of Fe isotopes free of interferences.  相似文献   

Effects of climate change on relationship between water and salts of waters ecosystems in arid zone, China     

Junfang HUANG Ranghui WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):163-164

The process of salinization has increased dramatically over the past several decades in the northwest arid zone of China. Soil salinization has been recognized as a major environmental problem for many years in the Tarim River Basin. It is the key issue of solving the soil salinization problem to study interaction between water and salt in arid zone, which will provide useful principle and methodology to its solution. Taking Tarim River and Bosten Lake for example, by systematically collecting the basic data of hydrogeology, meteorology, and social economy, we analyzed the interaction of water and salt of Tarim River and Bostan Lake in natural and artificial conditions in aspects of basins, oases, lakes and marshes. The results showed that： （1） Temperature and precipitation are both increasing gradually in the whole Tarim River Basin, the climate tends to be come warmer and wetter, but the water quality condition is not optimistic; （2） At the end of the 1950s, mineralization degree was less than 1.0 g/L from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Tarim River. At present, it is more than 3.0 g/L in Alaer Lake （the upper reaches of the Tarim River） except in July, August and October, during which it is less than 1.0 g/L. In Qiala （the lower reaches）, it is more than 1.0 g/L except in March, moreover, it is about 5.0 g/L in July and December. The eco-water conveyance project implementation has still not improved Tarim River＇s water quality condition; （3） Bostan Lake was a tiny salt-water lake in the late 1950s, but the water-soil development of the oasis has aggravated the salinization in recent thirty years. Since the West Pumping Station was brought into operation in 1982, the Bostan Lake which accumulated salt has begun to be desalted. We consider that climate may not be the key factor for salinization in this area. Instead, socio-economic factors relevant to human activities should be mainly responsible for such changes, as is confirmed by our further analysis. In order to improve present situation of water-soil salinization, water resources utilization and management should be strengthened, highly efficient and water-saving irrigating technology should be spread,  相似文献   

Cirque development in a steadily uplifting range: rates of erosion and long‐term morphometric change in alpine cirques in the Ben Ohau Range,New Zealand     

Martin S. Brook  Martin P. Kirkbride  Ben W. Brock 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(9):1167-1175

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