4 000 a B.P.以来中巴经济走廊北段塔什库尔干气候变化对东西方文化交流的影响     

杨帆  马亚鹏  夏敦胜  范义姣  刘慧 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):671-680

新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县地处中巴经济走廊北段, 自古以来就是东西方文化交流的核心地带。基于地质记录和考古发现, 对该县4 000 a B.P.以来东西方文化交流与气候环境变化的关系进行了梳理与分析。结果发现, 研究区特有的地理环境和气候变化对文化发展与传播起着重要的影响,3 500 ~ 2 800 a B.P.的干旱气候对应了中巴经济走廊东西方文化交流中断, 随着气候好转, 东西方文化交流在该区域再次畅通; 2 600 ~ 2 200 a B.P.气候变干与中巴经济走廊北段文化交流再次衰落对应; 历史时期丝绸之路的兴衰与气候变化密切相关。  相似文献   

古代玻璃材料LA-ICP-MS组分分析及产源研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡志中  李佩  蒋璐蔓  王通洋  杜谷  杨波 《岩矿测试》2020,39(4):505-514

古代玻璃及玻璃质材料的定量分析对于研究其制作年代及产地、原料的来源以及制作工艺有着重要的参考意义。与电子探针(EMPA)、能谱扫描-电子显微镜(EDX-SEM)等分析方法相比,LA-ICP-MS能够快速且准确地提供样品主次量及微量元素信息。本文对LA-ICP-MS古代玻璃元素定量分析中的影响因素进行研究认为:在193nm激光下玻璃标准NIST610和康宁玻璃标准之间基体差异造成的影响较小,而采用玻璃标准NIST610为外标结合基体归一化法的校正策略测定康宁标准结果表明,该策略能够准确反映不同类型古代玻璃材料中成分组成;实验中不同剥蚀模式的研究,有助于不同实验条件的建立,从而满足不同研究的需要。本次研究对出土样品进行了分析,为该制品的产源研究提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

河南安阳殷墟孝民屯遗址出土家养黄牛的DNA研究     

赵欣  李志鹏  东晓玲  刘铭  唐锦琼  张雅军  袁靖  杨东亚 《第四纪研究》2020,(2):321-330

作为晚商的都城和当时最大都市的殷墟(1300~1046 BCE),家养黄牛是最重要的大型家养动物之一.殷墟的家养黄牛可以肉食、可以役用,骨料可做骨器,是最主要的祭牲,其肩胛骨还可以用于占卜、可以记载甲骨文.本文对安阳殷墟孝民屯遗址普通灰坑和祭祀坑出土的15例牛骨线粒体DNA控制区285 bp的片段进行分析研究,其中有13例获取了所需的DNA序列.DNA分析表明12例属于家养普通牛(Bos taurus),1例属于野生原始牛(Bos primigenius).殷墟孝民屯家养普通牛的单倍型类群分布频率为以T3为主约占58.3%,T4次之约占33.3%,T2最少约占8.3%,该遗传多样性在当时已经达到或保持在可能的最高水平了.推测作为都城和大都市的殷墟聚集了中国早期各个地区的黄牛.孝民屯祭祀坑和普通灰坑出土牛骨线粒体DNA单倍型类群没有明显的差异,表明孝民屯用于祭祀的黄牛没有经过特殊的"母系"筛选,但不排除有对核DNA控制的特殊体质、生理或行为等性状进行有意识地筛选,以示祭祀的神圣性和特殊性.本文有限的DNA数据显示普通灰坑出土牛骨的DNA保存相对较差,暗示着普通灰坑的牛骨作为食余废弃物可能经历了更多炊煮活动中的高温处理,坑内埋藏环境不同也可能使普通灰坑的牛骨保存状况不如祭祀坑内的牛骨,普通灰坑牛骨样本DNA降解和破坏得更厉害.  相似文献   

巴彦浩特盆地东部坳陷石炭系流体势特征及油气运聚单元划分     

薛明旺  张坦  丁文龙  焦保程  周志成  杜晓宇 《地质力学学报》2020,26(1):65-73

巴彦浩特盆地是油气勘探的重点,但其流体势特征及油气运聚单元始终未进行研究,限制了区域成藏研究及勘探目标的优选。文章探讨巴彦浩特盆东部坳陷石炭系流体势特征及油气运聚单元的划分,从油气运移动力学角度分析巴彦浩特盆地东部坳陷油气运聚规律及原因。以盆地主要成藏时期晚白垩世的构造演化活动为基础,结合该时期的构造格局,计算出巴彦浩特盆地东部坳陷晚白垩世时期石炭系流体势,明确流体势场表现出的油气运聚特征。结果表明晚白垩世时期石炭系总体上表现为自坳陷东部及南部向西部及东南部降低的规律,高势区分布范围较小,主体位于坳陷的东部及南部。在此基础上,可划分为3个油气运聚区8个油气运聚单元。上述流体势特征有利于油气长期运移聚集,较好的油气运聚单元是未来巴彦浩特盆地东部坳陷勘探的主要潜力区。   相似文献   

Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of the late Cenozoic Baekdusan (Changbaishan) basalts,North China Craton     

《Gondwana Research》2020

Late Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks in northeastern China have been interpreted as being derived from a mantle source composed of DMM and EM1 components. To constrain the origin of the enriched mantle component, we have now determined the geochemical compositions of basaltic rocks from the active Baekdusan volcano on the border of China and North Korea. The samples show LREE-enriched patterns, with positive Eu and negative Ce anomalies. On a trace element distribution diagram, they show typical oceanic island basalt (OIB)-like LILE enrichments without significant Nb or Ta depletions. However, compared with OIB, they show enrichments in Ba, Rb, K, Pb, Sr, and P. The Nb/U ratios are generally within the range of OIB, but the Ce/Pb ratios are lower than those of OIB. Olivine phenocrysts are characterized by low Ca and high Ni contents. The radiogenic isotopic characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70449 to 0.70554; ε_Nd = −2.0 to +1.8; ε_Hf = −1.7 to +6.1; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.26 to 18.12) suggest derivation from an EM1-like source together with an Indian MORB-like depleted mantle. The Mg isotopic compositions (δ²⁶Mg = −0.39 ± 0.17‰) are generally lower than the average upper mantle, indicating carbonates in the source. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios decrease with decreasing δ²⁶Mg values whereas the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and (Nb/La)_N ratios increase. These observations suggest the mantle source of the Baekdusan basalts contained at least two components that resided in the mantle transition zone (MTZ): (1) recycled subducted ancient (∼2.2–1.6 Ga) terrigenous silicate sediments, possessing EM1-like Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic signatures and relatively high values of δ²⁶Mg; and (2) carbonated eclogites with relatively MORB-like radiogenic isotopic compositions and low values of δ²⁶Mg. These components might have acted as metasomatizing agents in refertilizing the asthenosphere, eventually influencing the composition of the MTZ-derived plume that produced the Baekdusan volcanism.  相似文献   

Did boninite originate from the heterogeneous mantle with recycled ancient slab?          下载免费PDF全文

Susumu Umino  Kyoko Kanayama  Keitaro Kitamura  Akihiro Tamura  Osamu Ishizuka  Ryoko Senda  Shoji Arai 《Island Arc》2018,27(1)

Boninites are widely distributed along the western margin of the Pacific Plate extruded during the incipient stage of the subduction zone development in the early Paleogene period. This paper discusses the genetic relationships of boninite and antecedent protoarc basalt magmas and demonstrates their recycled ancient slab origin based on the T–P conditions and Pb–Hf–Nd–Os isotopic modeling. Primitive melt inclusions in chrome spinel from Ogasawara and Guam islands show severely depleted high‐SiO₂, MgO (high‐silica) and less depleted low‐SiO₂, MgO (low‐silica and ultralow‐silica) boninitic compositions. The genetic conditions of 1 346 °C at 0.58 GPa and 1 292 °C at 0.69 GPa for the low‐ and ultralow‐silica boninite magmas lie on adiabatic melting paths of depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle with a potential temperature of 1 430 °C in Ogasawara and of 1 370 °C in Guam, respectively. This is consistent with the model that the low‐ and ultralow‐silica boninites were produced by remelting of the residue of the protoarc basalt during the forearc spreading immediately following the subduction initiation. In contrast, the genetic conditions of 1 428 °C and 0.96 GPa for the high‐silica boninite magma is reconciled with the ascent of more depleted harzburgitic source which pre‐existed below the Izu–Ogasawara–Mariana forearc region before the subduction started. Mixing calculations based on the Pb–Nd–Hf isotopic data for the Mariana protoarc basalt and boninites support the above remelting model for the (ultra)low‐silica boninite and the discrete harzburgite source for the high‐silica boninite. Yb–Os isotopic modeling of the high‐Si boninite source indicates 18–30 wt% melting of the primitive upper mantle at 1.5–1.7 Ga, whereas the source mantle of the protoarc basalt, the residue of which became the source of the (ultra)low‐Si boninite, experienced only 3.5–4.0 wt% melt depletion at 3.6–3.1 Ga, much earlier than the average depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt mantle with similar degrees of melt depletion at 2.6–2.2 Ga.  相似文献   

Finite element analysis of the seismic response of ancient columns     

Konstantinos Papadopoulos  Elizabeth Vintzileou  Ioannis N. Psycharis 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(13):1432-1450

This paper presents a numerical study of the response to earthquake actions of eight ancient Greek multidrum columns, which were chosen as representative of a broad spectrum of the ancient columns preserved to date. The study was conducted using the FE software Abaqus, in three steps. At first, the software efficiency to predict the rocking response of dry-stone structures was verified. Afterwards, various numerical models of one typical ancient multidrum column were seismically excited. Records of four real earthquakes differing in frequency content were used for the excitation of the models. Each column model was different from the others at least in one geometric or modeling parameter. Although the examined parameters affected the numerical results, their variation did not alter significantly the overall behavior of the column. In the last step of the study, numerical models of eight columns were seismically excited using four seismic records. In these analyses, among the simulation approaches tested in the second step, the simpler one was adopted. On the basis of the numerical results, conclusions were drawn regarding the seismic resistance of the columns and its correlation with the dynamic characteristics of the columns (size, slenderness, and frequency parameter) and with the basic intensity measures and frequency content indicator of the seismic motions (PHA, PHV, PHD, and T_g). Thus, criteria of seismic collapse for the multidrum columns are proposed, which can be used for the approximate assessment of the seismic vulnerability of free-standing ancient columns, provided that the columns are in good preservation state.  相似文献   

MIS-3晚期以来乌伦古湖古湖相沉积记录的初步研究     

蒋庆丰  钱鹏  周侗  洪佳  范华  刘静峰 《湖泊科学》2016,28(2):444-454

通过对现代乌伦古湖附近出露的古湖相沉积剖面的AMS~(14)C测年,粒度、总有机碳、总有机氮以及碳酸盐等环境代用指标的分析及其与全新世钻孔沉积记录的对比研究,结果发现:乌伦古湖在MIS-3晚期的33600-22500 cal a BP以及冰后期至早中全新世的16500-6500 cal a BP期间,维持着湖相沉积环境,湖面约比现在湖面高40 m.33600-22500 cal a BP的MIS-3晚期,气候相对温暖,乌伦古湖呈现高湖面特征,湖泊沉积物来源以流水搬运为主;22500-16500 cal a BP的末次冰期冰盛期,气候寒冷干燥,湖泊沉积物来源以风力搬运为主;16500-6500 cal a BP的冰后期以及早、中全新世期间,气候回暖,湖泊沉积物主要来源于河流径流作用.6500-5500 cal a BP,受高温干旱事件的影响,湖面收缩、水位剧降,除沉积中心外的其它钻孔位置出现沉积中断.5500 cal a BP后气候转冷变湿,湖泊重新恢复到现在的状态.乌伦古湖MIS-3晚期以来的古湖相沉积环境变化及其反映的古气候万年尺度上的干湿变化与周边区域气候环境变化记录有很好的一致性,响应了区域环境变化和全球气候突变事件.季风和西风的强度消长变化及其引起的环流条件改变以及温度变化引起的蒸发效应可能是区域气候环境变化的主要原因.这一古湖相沉积记录的研究可为MIS-3晚期以来北疆地区的古湖泊演化以及长时间尺度上西风和季风环流相互关系及其影响区的气候环境演化提供地质证据.  相似文献   

历史文化名村的旅游保护与开发模式研究--以吐鲁番吐峪沟麻扎村为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李欣华  杨兆萍  刘旭玲 《干旱区地理》2006,29(2):301-306

古村落作为一种历史文化蕴含丰富的特殊旅游地正日益受到关注,古村落旅游也成为旅游的热点;国家从保护、继承和发展历史文化遗产、弘扬民族传统和地方特色、发展旅游的角度出台了古村落中的精品———历史文化名村的相关规定。以相关概念和古村落旅游进展为基础,探讨国家历史文化名村吐鲁番地区吐峪沟乡麻扎村的旅游保护与开发:以资源评价和旅游定位为前提,结合麻扎村实际提出双村模式旅游保护设想和体验性旅游开发模式。旨在探讨历史文化名村在古村落旅游开发中保护与开发的双赢,同时为我国西部古村落旅游开发提供参考。  相似文献   

河北宽城蛇纹石玉的宝石矿物学特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐子维  孙佳乐  郝森  刘云贵  王礼胜  宋彦军 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(3):442-450

河北宽城蛇纹石玉结构细腻,颜色可呈肉红色、绿色,当地市场称之为"热河玉"。本文通过常规宝石学测试结合激光拉曼光谱、电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射、激光剥蚀等离子质谱以及可见光吸收光谱等手段对其进行了系统分析,并采用伽玛能谱仪对其放射安全性进行了检测。结果表明,肉红色样品折射率及相对密度值均较低,折射率为1.54~1.55,相对密度为2.33~2.43,主要组成矿物为斜纤蛇纹石,主要具纤维交织结构、纤维柱粒交织结构,局部可见变余生物骨架结构,次要矿物有方解石和透辉石,Fe和Mn元素含量相对较高,Fe元素含量范围在184.9×10^-6~951.7×10^-6,Mn元素含量为106.4×10^-6~287.3×10^-6;绿色样品折射率为1.55~1.56,相对密度为2.58~2.62,主要组成矿物为叶蛇纹石,具更加细腻的纤维交织结构,次要矿物为滑石及四方硫铁矿,Fe元素含量极高,可达5 979×10^-6~6 359×10^-6。结合可见光吸收光谱分析结果认为Fe³⁺、Fe²⁺以及Mn³⁺的综合作用是导致样品呈现肉红色的主要原因,而Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺则是导致绿色的主要原因。放射性检测结果显示样品的内、外照射指数及放射性比活度值均低于标准要求,对人体无放射性危害。  相似文献