GIS技术在动物疫病防控中的应用     

李万辉  刘延宏 《地理信息世界》2007,5(4):69-72

数字畜牧是动物卫生领域的重要发展趋势。本文着重讨论GIS技术在动物疫病防控中的应用,并以辽宁省畜禽分布定位及重大动物疫病防控调度指挥系统的建设为实例提出基于SuperMap GIS平台构建动物疫病防控系统的解决方案,从而为我国畜牧业信息化建设提供参考。  相似文献   

有关环境危害方面的一些问题——环境及其对社会与动物行为的影响(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S.S.Augustithis Vasileios Nastos 《地学前缘》2001,8(1):15-26

在很大程度上 ,危害是由地貌、地质及地球动力学等方面的原因引起的 ,而且从根本上来说 ,这些危害会影响到环境及其构型。一系列的自然现象都能引起自然灾害 (危害 )。人类对环境变化有巨大影响 ,并会导致大气圈、水圈的污染 ,而显著地损坏生物圈 ,例如大气圈、水圈、臭氧层等的破坏。更多的人为因素也会导致全球变暖及污染。许多内生的原因 ,对灾害的产生也起着重大作用。不过 ,就大多数物种在其中得以产生及演化的天然外界环境而言 ,它还有另一个值得注意的方面。环境也会影响到社会结构以及包括人类在内的生物的生活方式。可以把生命活动看成是岩石圈、大气圈、水圈及生物圈之间的一种复杂的相互作用。生命的起源 ,可以不同的看法来进行检阅。人类得以产生演化的环境 ,以及人类由综合和专业化了的器官组成的身体结构 ,已被用来与其他类似动物所具备的进行比较 ,并从广义的动物王国意义上 ,对生物间的关系做了研究和比较。对动物的行为做了研究 ,并对有关人类永生的“生命延长”概念给予了考虑。  相似文献   

长果桑果熟期摄食鸟类多样性     

王直军  陈进  邓晓保  白智林  刘勇  刘志秋 《山地学报》2001,19(1):48-52

鸟类对山地环境的变化敏感，对森林结构和食物资源的反应明显，我们在西双版纳人为影响的热带山林，进一步研究了长果桑果期摄食鸟类种群结构，对人类影响下森林生态系统动植关系及其动态变化有更清楚的了解；一些地区特有的鸟类种和亚种、大中型非雀形目鸟类、以及人们需要重点保护的鸟类，已经随着植被结构的变化和食源的减少而失去了。若不尽早消除干扰、改善植被结构，情况还会越来越严重。只有保护森林自然结构和自然更新，停止对森林结构的破坏性干扰，才可能有效保护鸟类多样性。  相似文献   

邢台地震的震后异常分析     

傅德川  张子广 《华北地震科学》1995,13(3):44-50

对１９６６年３月８日邢台６．８级地震后的异常进行了逐项分析与讨论，发现有些震后异常与后续７．２级主震有比较可信的内在联系。本文在归纳邢台震后异常特征的基础上，提出了６条可能在同类条件下对预报后续地震具有普遍意义的意见。  相似文献   

甘肃省畜牧气候资源分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

葛秉钧 《干旱气象》1995,(1)

从甘肃省畜牧气候资源基本特点出发，着重分析了畜牧业界限温度指标、时空分布以及气候条件对牧草产量、家畜膘情变化、牧事活动的影响。  相似文献   

EFFECT OF SALINITY ON EMBRYO AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTHERN BAY SCALLOP ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS CONCENTRICUS SAY     

何义朝  张福绥 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,(1)

INTRODUCTIONThes0uthembayscallop,AmpeandiansconamtaSay,isanAmpenirradiansInrnaforsouthamsubepedesdistributingalongthecoastSfromNorthCarolinat0Florida,andisanirnPohantshellfishforfisherieSinthesouthrmU.S.A.,butthere-sonisdmingduetoexanivecapture.ThesouthemsubspedeswasfuStintIDdutalinl99lintoChinabytheInstituteofdrinology,ChineSeAcadeInyofSdenas,andshowedwonderfulprospan,althoughthedeveopmentalbiol0gy,espedllytheeffedofboortantenvirDnmentalfactors(forexamPlesandtyorternPeratwonthis…  相似文献   

Estimates of global N2O emissions from cattle, pig and chicken manure, including a discussion of CH4 emissions     

M. G. M. Berges  P. J. Crutzen 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,24(3):241-269

Humans seem to have doubled the global rate of terrestrial nitrogen fixation. Globally 50–70% (85 Tg, 1 Tg=10¹² g) of the nitrogen supplied in fertilizer (80 Tg N/a) and leguminous crops (40–80 Tg N/a) are used to feed cattle. The aim of the present study was to derive some estimates of global N₂O production from animal manure. As the parameter giving the most stable numerical basis for regional and global extrapolation we adopted the molar emission ratios of N₂O to NH₃. These ratios were measured in cattle, pig and chicken housings with different manure handling systems, in dung-heaps and in liquid manure storage tanks. Individual molar emission ratios from outside manure piles varied over two orders of magnitude, strongly dependent on the treatment of the manure. A median emission ratio of 1.6×10^-2 (n=65) was obtained in cow-sheds with slatted floors and liquid manure stored underneath and a median ratio of 24×10^-2 (n=31) was measured in a beef cattle housing with a solid manure handling system.We next extrapolated to global NH₃ emissions from those estimated for Europe, using N uptake by the animals as a scaling factor. Multiplication with observed N₂O to NH₃ ratios next provided some estimates of regional and global N₂O emissions. To account for the great variability of the emission ratios of N₂O/NH₃, we developed upper and lower case emission scenarios, based on lower and upper quartiles of measured emission ratios. The global emission from cattle and swine manure is in the range of 0.2–2.5 Tg N-N₂O/a, representing 44+-39% of the annual atmospheric accumulation rate. This N₂O emission arises from about 40 Tg N/a of cattle and pig manure stored in or at animal housings. We did not account for N₂O emissions from another 50 Tg N/a excreted by grazing cattle, goats and sheep, and application of the manure to agricultural fields. Our study makes it clear that major anthropogenic N₂O emissions may well arise from animal manure. The large uncertainty of emission ratios, which we encountered, show that much more intense research efforts are necessary to determine the factors that influence N₂O emissions from domestic animal manure both in order to derive a more reliable global estimate of N₂O release and to propose alternative waste treatment methods causing smaller N₂O releases. In our studies we found large enhancements in N₂O releases when straw was added to the manure, which is a rather common practice. In view of the ongoing discussion in Europe to re-install the traditional solid manure system (bed down cattle) for environmental and animal welfare reasons, it is noteworthy that our measurements indicate highest N₂O release from this particulary system.In a similar manner, but based on a smaller data set, we also estimated the release of CH₄ from cattle and swine manure and from liquid manure only to be about 9 Tg/year in good agreement with the estimate by the Environmental Protection Agency (1994) of 8.6+-2.6 Tg/year. A total annual methane release as high as 34 Tg/a was derived for solid and liquid cattle and pig manure from animals in housings.  相似文献   

震前动物习性异常与地震关系的研究     

马志峰  黄积刚 《地震研究》1996,19(2):162-167

本简要介绍了枣庄地震动物试验的观测和研究概况，以鹦鹉鸣叫活动资料分析为例，探讨了试验区２００ｋｍ范围内，ＭＬ≥３．０级地震前所发生的异常活动。从而阐明利用动物出现的行为异常预报地震的可能性。  相似文献   

重新认识人类与动物:西方新动物地理学研究进展     

廖健豪  蔡浩辉  陶伟 《地理科学》2021,41(11):1980-1991

选取并分析585篇与新动物地理学相关的西方文献,进一步梳理了理论起源及研究议题,发现：① 1995—2005年是新动物地理学的探索起步阶段,2005年至今则是蓬勃发展阶段;② 英国是该研究领域的中心地区;③ 当前新动物地理学研究主要通过“以人类为中心”（动物空间）和“以动物为中心”（兽性地方）两大线索展开,前者重点关注于人类世界,研究话题涉及人类社会不平等、作为人类社会生产要素的动物和人类对动物的生命管治,后者则在新的认识论与方法论的基础上,发展形成了其主要议题,包括动物主体性和能动性、动物伦理再思考以及人类动物和谐共存的实践探索。  相似文献   

甘肃省畜牧产业集聚的空间格局研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈强强  叶得明 《干旱区地理》2018,41(3):652-660

运用引力模型及其拓展测度指标,对甘肃省所辖14个市（州）畜牧业综合质量、区域间引力值和断裂点距离值进行测算,分析畜牧产业集聚的空间格局,集聚中心形成机理及其辐射范围。结果表明：甘肃省畜牧业区域发展不平衡,整体呈现出"西高东低"的梯度特征,并可划分为5级梯度。畜牧产业发展的空间集聚特征明显,已形成以白银市和甘南州为二级集聚中心的"双核心"空间结构：以白银为中心,辐射带动兰州、定西两个三级集聚中心构成了甘肃中部畜牧产业集聚区;以甘南为中心,连同三级集聚中心临夏带动陇南、辐射天水成为甘肃南部产业集聚区。以武威为三级集聚中心,辐射张掖、金昌等市形成河西走廊产业集聚区;以庆阳为中心,联动平凉市的陇东产业集聚热点区初步显现。本研究对分析产业空间结构特征和制定推动产业集聚策略具有重要意义。  相似文献