Establishment of apparent quantum yield and maximum ecosystem assimilation on Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem     

XU Lingling  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  YU Guirui 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z1)

The alpine meadow is widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau with an area of about 1.2×106kn2. Damxung County, located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, is the place covered with this typical vegetation. An open-path eddy covariance system was set up in Damxung rangeland station to measure the carbon flux of alpine meadow from July to October,2003. The continuous carbon flux data were used to analyze the relationship between net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), as well as the seasonal patterns of apparent quantum yield (α) and maximum ecosystem assimilation (Pmax).Results showed that the daytime NEE fitted fairly well with the PAR in a rectangular hyperbola function, with α declining in the order of peak growth period (0.0244 μmolCO2 · μmol-1pAR) ＞early growth period ＞ seed maturing period ＞ withering period (0.0098 μmolCO2 · μmol-1pAR).The Pmax did not change greatly during the first three periods, with an average of 0.433mgCO2· m-2· s-1, i.e. 9.829 μmolCO2· m-2· s-1. However, during the withering period, Pmax was only 0.35 mgCO2 · m-2 · s-1, i.e. 7.945 μmolCO2 · m-2 · s-1. Compared with other grassland ecosystems, the α of the Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem was much lower.  相似文献   

Recovering acoustic reflectivity using Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps and left- and right-operating adjoint propagators   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. W. P. Dillen  J. T. Fokkema  C. P. A. Wapenaar 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,163(1):106-125

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无人机机载LiDAR在沿海滩涂大比例尺地形测绘中的应用     

郭春海  张英明  丁忠明 《测绘通报》2019,(9):155-158

以南京市以下长江12.5 m深水航道建设工程中的白茆沙整治建筑物工程的年度监测为例，介绍了利用无人机航摄和机载LiDAR技术进行大比例尺高精度的滩涂地理信息数据采集的关键技术。研究案例表明，采用无人机搭载数码相机和LiDAR联合进行数据采集，在小区域、通行困难地区的高分辨率影像和地面高程数据快速获取方面具有明显优势，为沿海滩涂开发中的工程用图测绘工作提供了一种新的有效快捷的技术手段。  相似文献   

History of faulting in the Northern Hastings Block,southern New England Orogen     

J. Yan  R. Offler 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(7):821-841

Brittle failure is common in the Devonian to Permian rocks in the Northern Hastings Block (NHB) and is manifested by faults of different orientation and kinematic histories, but the timing of fault movement is not well defined. In this study, faults in the NHB were analysed with the map pattern of cross-cutting faults used to estimate the relative time of movement and relationship to other faults. We defined five episodes of faulting or fault reactivation that affected the NHB. The Yarras Fault System on the southwestern side of the NHB and the Parrabel Fault and related faults on the eastern side of the NHB are the two major fault systems responsible for transporting and rotating the NHB in the late Carboniferous. Faults on the eastern, northeastern and northern part of Parrabel Dome started and stopped moving after emplacement of the Hastings Block and before the intrusion of the Werrikimbe Triassic granitoids. We suggested that the movement on the major bounding faults is related to the accommodation of the NHB to the folding and cleavage development in the adjoining Nambucca Block, and is associated with the earliest part of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny. Limited dextral movement on the extensions of the Taylors Arm Fault System caused minor displacements in the northeastern part of the NHB during the Late Triassic. Some small faults cut the Triassic granitoids or Triassic Lorne Basin sediments indicating tectonic activity continued post-Triassic.  相似文献   

雨滴谱仪与风廓线雷达反射率对比试验   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

汪学渊  阮征  李效东  黄丽芬  韩伟中 《气象》2016,42(1):107-114

针对风廓线雷达估算的反射率数据需要进行验证。开展雨滴谱仪与风廓线雷达反射率对比试验,通过两种不同探测设备观测数据的对比,以验证风廓线反射率数据的可靠性和可用性。结果表明:确定了以风廓线低模360~1440 m采样体积内的反射率与3 min雨滴谱反射率数据对比方法能最大程度的减少时空差异;在雨滴谱仪反射率小于40 dBz时,对应的风廓线雷达反射率数据是可靠和可用的;同时由于风廓线雷达有限的动态范围造成反射率低估的现象,使得风廓线雷达反射率在大气垂直结构以及微物理特性等方面应用受到一定的局限性。  相似文献   

Twenty-five years of spectral UV-B measurements over Canada,Europe and Japan: Trends and effects from changes in ozone,aerosols, clouds,and surface reflectivity     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(7):393-402

Spectral UV records of solar irradiance at stations over Europe, Canada, and Japan were used to study long-term trends at 307.5 nm for a 25-year period, from 1992 to 2016. Ground-based measurements of total ozone, as well as satellite measurements of the Aerosol Index, the Total Cloud Cover and the surface reflectivity were also used in order to attribute the estimated changes of the UV to the corresponding changes of these factors. The present study shows that over the Northern Hemisphere, the long-term changes in UV-B radiation reaching the Earth's surface vary significantly over different locations, and that the main drivers of these variations are changes in aerosols and total ozone. At high latitudes, part of the observed changes may also be attributed to changes in the surface reflectivity. Over Japan, the UV-B irradiance at 307.5 nm has increased significantly by ∼3%/decade during the past 25 years, possibly due to the corresponding significant decrease of its absorption by aerosols. It was found that the greatest part of this increase took place before the mid-2000s. The only European station, over which UV radiation increases significantly, is that of Thessaloniki, Greece. Analysis of the clear-sky irradiance for the particular station shows increasing irradiance at 307.5 nm by ∼3.5%/decade during the entire period of study, with an increasing rate of change during the last decade, possibly again due to the decreasing absorption by aerosols.  相似文献   

湖南省岳家桥典型岩溶发育区电性特征及构造格架研究     

曹创华  徐定芳  康方平  文武飞  尹欧  邓专 《中国地质调查》2018,5(6):68-74

为探讨湖南省益阳市岳家桥地质灾害现状,以区内典型岩溶发育区为研究对象,通过长剖面高密度电法、视电阻率联合剖面法等地球物理方法,研究了地层电性响应特点,利用钻孔数据和综合电法勘探数据建立了三维地层结构模型,揭示了典型区域近地表电性结构形态,构建了区内三维地层构造格架,圈定了岩溶发育范围,并评价了地质灾害程度。研究表明: 因地制宜地利用综合电法勘探,有助于在我国南方含水较多的岩溶发育区快速、有效地进行灾害范围的圈定和评价。  相似文献   

非均匀各向异性储层地震AVAZ响应模拟及分析     

韩旭  郭智奇  徐聪  刘财  刘喜武  刘宇巍 《世界地质》2018,37(2):608-619

基于波动理论的各向异性反射率方法能够充分考虑地震波动力学特征。对单界面理论模型、实际非均匀各向异性模型分别进行正演模拟及分析,比较Ruger理论与反射率方法模拟结果的波动力学特征。结果表明,对于界面模型两种方法均能得到相同的计算结果,但对于实际非均匀各向异性介质,基于Ruger理论的算法受时间采样率的影响,而基于波动理论的反射率方法输入实际空间域模型,计算结果不受时间采样率的限制。  相似文献   

几种梯度场计算的数值算法及其地学应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨莉  张宝一 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(2):306-311

梯度作为标量场在空间上最重要的微观变化特征,能较好地反映其在空间上的变化趋势。本文介绍了中心差分算子、相邻梯度因子和Sobel梯度算子三种梯度数值算法。以点电荷在三维空间中产生的电势场构造了一标量场,通过理论公式求解了其梯度值,并将理论梯度值与三种数值算法的结果进行了对比与统计分析,验证了三种梯度数值算法的有效性和适用性。结果表明,排除场源的影响后,Sobel梯度算子相较其它两种数值算法更逼近于理论梯度值。最后,利用Sobel梯度算子求取了某铜矿区可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三维视电阻率场的梯度场,用梯度场刻画了视电阻率在空间上的变化趋势,提高了对三维地下空间的电性分布规律和地质情况的认识。  相似文献   

94/220 GHz星载雷达双波长比对非球形冰晶云参数敏感性分析     

吴举秀  窦芳丽  安大伟  顾瑜  周青  刘伟 《气象学报》2019,77(3):529-540

利用不同形状冰晶的散射特性,获得了非球形冰晶云的94/220 GHz测云雷达双波长比,探讨了非球形冰晶云的双波长比与云内微物理参数的关系,分析了衰减前后的星载雷达反射率因子及双波长比的垂直廓线。结果表明:（1）双波长比可以反映小到0.1 mm中值尺度的冰粒子,对粒子总数、谱的形状参数不敏感,对粒子大小、形状、云衰减较敏感。（2）雷达灵敏度一定时,星载雷达可测云厚与雷达波长、冰含水量（IWC）的垂直分布、云厚及衰减有关;没有进行衰减订正时,双波长比和衰减有关,冰含水量越大,波长越短,衰减越大,双波长比最大值与可探测云厚有关。两部雷达可探测冰含水量为0.001—0.1 g/m3、厚2 km的冰云;当云厚5 km、冰含水量垂直分布在0.001—0.2 g/m3时,云厚的94%基本可以被220 GHz云雷达探测到。（3）如果两部雷达气象方程中用水的介电因子,测量回波强度应进行介电因子的订正后再计算双波长比。   相似文献