MC-ICP-MS高精度Cu、Zn同位素测试技术   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

侯可军  李延河  田有荣  秦燕  谢桂青 《矿床地质》2008,27(6):774-781

过渡族元素同位素是国际上同位素地球化学研究的热点。测试技术的限制是制约过渡元素同位素研究发展的关键。笔者利用Neptune型多接收等离子质谱(MC-ICP-MS),采用Cu、Zn互为内标的方法对仪器的质量歧视进行了校正,对基质效应和测试方法的重现性进行了检验,建立了高精度的Cu、Zn同位素测试技术。在5个月内对实验室标准IMRCu和IMRZn进行了测量,结果分别为δ65CuNIST976=(0.34±0.08)‰(2SD,n=32),δ66ZnJMCZn=(-9.64±0.05)‰(2SD,n=26),δ67ZnJMCZn=(-14.37±0.16)‰(2SD,n=26),δ68ZnJMCZn=(-19.01±0.08)‰(2SD,n=26),分析精度达到国际同类实验室先进水平。对Cu、Zn同位素参考物质进行了对比测量,分析结果与报道值在误差范围内完全一致。  相似文献   

Environmental effect and genetic influence: a regional cancer predisposition survey in the Zonguldak region of Northwest Turkey     

Selahattin Kadir  A. Piril Önen-Hall  S. Nihal Aydin  Cengiz Yakicier  Nurten Akarsu  Murat Tuncer 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(2):391-409

The Cretaceous-Eocene volcano-sedimentary units of the Zonguldak region of the western Black Sea consist of subalkaline andesite and tuff, and sandstone dominated by smectite, kaolinite, accessory chlorite, illite, mordenite, and analcime associated with feldspar, quartz, opal-CT, amphibole, and calcite. Kaolinization, chloritization, sericitization, albitization, Fe–Ti-oxidation, and the presence of zeolite, epidote, and illite in andesitic rocks and tuffaceous materials developed as a result of the degradation of a glass shards matrix, enclosed feldspar, and clinopyroxene-type phenocrysts, due to alteration processes. The association of feldspar and glass with smectite and kaolinite, and the suborientation of feldspar-edged, subparallel kaolinite plates to fracture axes may exhibit an authigenic smectite or kaolinite. Increased alteration degree upward in which Al, Fe, and Ti are gained, and Si, Na, K, and Ca are depleted, is due to the alteration following possible diagenesis and hydrothermal activities. Micromorphologically, fibrous mordenite in the altered units and the presence of needle-type chrysotile in the residential buildings in which cancer cases lived were detected. In addition, the segregation pattern of cancer susceptibility in the region strongly suggested an environmental effect and a genetic influence on the increased cancer incidence in the region. The most likely diagnosis was Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is one of the hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes; however, no mutations were observed in the p53 gene, which is the major cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The micromorphology observed in the altered units in which cancer cases were detected may have a role in the expression of an unidentified gene, but does not explain alone the occurrence of cancer as a primary cause in the region.  相似文献   

Using chemical and microbiological indicators to track the impacts from the land application of treated municipal wastewater and other sources on groundwater quality in a karstic springs basin     

Brian G. Katz  Dale W. Griffin 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(4):801-821

Multiple chemical constituents (nutrients; N, O, H, C stable isotopes; 64 organic wastewater compounds, 16 pharmaceutical compounds) and microbiological indicators were used to assess the impact on groundwater quality from the land application of approximately 9.5 million liters per day of treated municipal sewage effluent to a sprayfield in the 960-km² Ichetucknee Springs basin, northern Florida. Enriched stable isotope signatures (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) were found in water from the effluent reservoir and a sprayfield monitoring well (MW-7) due to evaporation; however, groundwater samples downgradient from the sprayfield have δ¹⁸O and δ²H concentrations that represented recharge of meteoric water. Boron and chloride concentrations also were elevated in water from the sprayfield effluent reservoir and MW-7, but concentrations in groundwater decreased substantially with distance downgradient to background levels in the springs (about 12 km) and indicated at least a tenfold dilution factor. Nitrate-nitrogen isotope (δ¹⁵N–NO₃) values above 10 ‰ in most water samples were indicative of organic nitrogen sources except Blue Hole Spring (δ¹⁵N–NO₃ = 4.6–4.9 ‰), which indicated an inorganic source of nitrogen (fertilizers). The detection of low concentrations the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-metatoluamide (DEET), and other organic compounds associated with domestic wastewater in Devil’s Eye Spring indicated that leakage from a nearby septic tank drainfield likely has occurred. Elevated levels of fecal coliforms and enterococci were found in Blue Hole Spring during higher flow conditions, which likely resulted from hydraulic connections to upgradient sinkholes and are consistent with previoius dye-trace studies. Enteroviruses were not detected in the sprayfield effluent reservoir, but were found in low concentrations in water samples from a downgradient well and Blue Hole Spring during high-flow conditions indicating a human wastewater source. The Upper Floridan aquifer in the Ichetucknee Springs basin is highly vulnerable to contamination from multiple anthropogenic sources throughout the springs basin.  相似文献   

Estimation of vegetation LAI from hyperspectral reflectance data: Effects of soil type and plant architecture     

Roshanak Darvishzadeh  Andrew Skidmore  Clement Atzberger  Sip van Wieren 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008

The retrieval of canopy biophysical variables is known to be affected by confounding factors such as plant type and background reflectance. The effects of soil type and plant architecture on the retrieval of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) from hyperspectral data were assessed in this study. In situ measurements of LAI were related to reflectances in the red and near-infrared and also to five widely used spectral vegetation indices (VIs). The study confirmed that the spectral contrast between leaves and soil background determines the strength of the LAI–reflectance relationship. It was shown that within a given vegetation species, the optimum spectral regions for LAI estimation were similar across the investigated VIs, indicating that the various VIs are basically summarizing the same spectral information for a given vegetation species. Cross-validated results revealed that, narrow-band PVI was less influenced by soil background effects (0.15 ≤ RMSE_cv ≤ 0.56). The results suggest that, when using remote sensing VIs for LAI estimation, not only is the choice of VI of importance but also prior knowledge of plant architecture and soil background. Hence, some kind of landscape stratification is required before using hyperspectral imagery for large-scale mapping of vegetation biophysical variables.  相似文献   

Weathering-pedogenesis of Carbonate Rocks and Its Environmental Effects in Subtropical Region     

ZHU Lijun  HE Shouyang  LI Jingyang 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):982-993

We investigated the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and its environmental effects in subtropical regions of China. The investigation demonstrated that the weathering- pedogenesis of carbonate rocks is the process of a joint action of corrosion and illuviation and metasomatism in subtropical region. It is characterized by multi-stage, multi-path and multi-style. With the persisting development of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks, metasomatic pedogenesis progressively became the main process of the weathering-pedogenesis and the dominant style of formation of minerals. And it proceeds through the whole process of evolution of the weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks. The stage evolution of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and the fractionation evolution of newly produced minerals are characterized by obvious vertically zoning structures and the rules of gradation of elements geochemical characteristics in the carbonate rocks weathering profiles. The geochemical process of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks can be divided into three geochemical evolution stages, i.e., the Ca, Mg-depletion and Si, Al-enrichment stage; the Fe, Mn enrichment stage and the Si-depletion and Al-enrichment stage in the subtropical regions. Consistent with the three geochemical evolution stages, the sequence of formation and evolution of minerals can be divided into the clay mineral stage; the Fe, Mn oxide and the gibbsite stage. The influence of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks on the chemical forms of heavy elements is mainly affected via newly produced components and minerals in the process of weathering-pedogenesis, e.g., iron oxide minerals and organic matters. The important mechanism for the mobilization, transport and pollution of F and As is affected the selective adsorption and desorption of F and As on the surface of iron oxide minerals in the subtropical karst zones, i.e., the selective adsorption and desorption on mineral surfaces of newly produced minerals in the process of weath  相似文献   

GIS在建筑领域中的管理及应用     

马聪 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(1)

地理信息系统(GIS)是集多门学科为一体的交叉科学。本文论述了地理信息系统在建筑领域中的管理及应用,并简要介绍地理信息系统概念,最后阐明了实际应用中存在和有待解决的主要问题。  相似文献   

基于CORS系统的饮用水水源保护研究与应用——以大连为例     

程俊 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(2):202-203

根据大连地区饮用水水源保护区的特点,对大连地区开展饮用水水源保护以及利用CORS系统进行水源保护区勘界立标等工作进行了研究,对测绘成果进行了检验,证明采用CORS系统能够提高水源保护工作效率,并保证相关成果质量符合要求。  相似文献   

黄河流域气候监测服务系统设计与应用     

张方  李凤秀 《气象与环境科学》2017,40(1):126-132

针对黄河流域气候监测业务比较薄弱,缺乏有效业务平台支撑的情况,河南省气候中心开展了黄河流域气候监测服务系统建设。建立了包括黄河流域气象台站历史资料与实时资料的流域气候监测资料库,开发了黄河流域气候监测服务软件,实现了任意时段、任意流域气温、降水、气象干旱的资料计算与提取,实现了暴雨日数、最大日降水量、降水日数、极端高温、极端低温、高温日数、低温日数等计算,实现了对任意时段、任意站点(或任意省份、任意流域)气温、降水随时间变化的线性趋势分析,基于Surfer自动化技术的图形绘制模块可以进行降水量实况图、降水距平百分率图、气温实况图、气温距平图、气象干旱实况图、暴雨日数图、高温日数图、低温日数图等的制作和输出,实现了业务产品自动生成与分发。整个系统功能实用、使用方便,提高了业务人员工作效率,增强了黄河流域气候监测服务能力和水平,为黄河流域气候监测服务提供了重要的技术支撑,在黄河流域气候监测、决策气象服务等工作中得到了较好的应用。  相似文献   

网络约束点格局分析研究综述   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

聂可  王振声  杜清运  罗平 《地理科学进展》2017,36(10):1196-1207

随着信息通信技术高速发展,地理相关大数据使得传统的空间分析面临着机遇与挑战。平面空间分析方法在分析网络空间点要素空间过程、揭示其空间分布时的弊端日益凸显,由此对探索网络约束点要素特定的分析方法的关注度不断提高。本文定义了网络约束的思想,详细阐述了网络约束点格局分析方法体系,并分别从网络约束点格局的理论和应用出发,梳理了网络约束点格局分析的一阶方法、二阶方法及其他方法上的研究进展,总结了网络约束点格局分析在交通安全领域、犯罪学领域和其他城市点要素中的典型应用,最后在方法与应用层面,讨论近年重要的研究动向及未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

广西雷电活动的方向性变化及其应用     

刘任业 《气象研究与应用》2001,22(2):37-39

通过对广西 90个气象台站 196 1- 1998年的雷电记录进行统计分析 ,得出 2～ 6月份广西大多数地方的雷电活动以 SW方向最为频繁 ,7～ 9月则以 SE方向最多 ;讨论应用雷电频率、土壤电阻率、相对高度 3个要素定性判断雷击危险性问题。  相似文献