Biosorption of Dyes by Natural and Activated Vine Stem. Interaction between Biosorbent and Dye     

Ebru Mavioglu Ayan  Asli Toptas  Gulsah Kibrislioglu  Esra Evrim Saka Yalcinkaya  Jale Yanik 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(4):406-412

In the present study, the vine stem and modified vine stem were used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of acidic and basic dyes from aqueous solutions. A comparative study was also carried out with activated carbon obtained from vine stem and then the adsorption capacities of all adsorbents were evaluated by batch adsorption process. The effects of various adsorption parameters (initial pH, particle size, and contact time) were investigated. The modification of the vine stem with nitric acid increased its adsorption capacity for the basic dye. Both, vine stem and modified vine stem exhibited higher adsorption capacities than activated carbon. The adsorption capacities were found to be 322.58, 250, and 200 mg g^?1 for modified, natural vine stem, and activated carbon, respectively. In the case of acidic dye, the pH strongly affected the adsorption capacity and the maximum dye uptake was observed at pH 2 for all adsorbents. The acidic dye adsorption was lower compared to basic dye on both biosorbents and activated carbon tested. The maximum acidic dye adsorption values (58.82 and 59.88 mg g^?1) were obtained with the vine stem and activated carbon, respectively. In the case of lignocellulosic adsorbents, both surface charge and surface groups had main effect on the adsorption of basic dye, while adsorption mechanism in activated carbon was mainly through the physical adsorption. The results of comparative adsorption capacity of adsorbents indicated that vine stem or modified vine stem can be used as a low cost alternative to activated carbon in aqueous solution for basic dye removal.  相似文献   

Dieback affects forest structure in a dry Afromontane forest in northern Ethiopia     

E. Aynekulu  M. DenichD. Tsegaye  R. AertsB. Neuwirth  H.J. Boehmer 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(5):499-503

Forests are highly susceptible to dieback under ongoing climate warming. In degraded forests, dead standing trees, or snags, have become such prominent features that they should be taken into account when setting management interventions. This study investigated (1) the extent and spatial pattern of standing dead stems of Juniperus procera and Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata along an elevational gradient, and (2) the effect of dieback on forest stand structure. We quantified abundance, size, and spatial pattern of tree dieback in 57 plots (50 m × 50 m) established at 100 m intervals along five transects. The snag density and basal area (mean ± SE) of the two species combined were 147 ± 23 stems ha⁻¹ and 5.35 ± 0.81 m² ha⁻¹, respectively. The percentages of snags were extremely high for both J. procera (57 ± 7%) and O. europaea subsp. cuspidata (60 ± 5%), but showed a decreasing trend with increasing elevation suggesting that restoration is even more urgent at the lower elevations. Snags of the two species accounted for 31 and 45% of total stand density and basal area, respectively. Living stems exhibited truncated inverse-J-shaped diameter and height class distributions, indicating serious regeneration problems of these foundation species in the study area. In addition to direct interventions to assist recruitment of climax tree species, sites with high dieback would probably benefit from snag reduction to prevent fire incidents in the remaining dry Afromontane forests in northern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

从多岛弧盆系构造看西特提斯造山系构造演化          下载免费PDF全文

袁四化  刘永江  常瑞虹  Franz Neubauer  Johann Genser  关庆彬  黄倩雯 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(2):316-331

本文通过综述近年西特提斯带主要缝合带的研究进展及所代表洋盆的发育特征,提出了古特提斯缝合带可能的位置和俯冲消亡方式。结合区域资料探讨了西特提斯带古生代末—中生代洋陆构造格局,认为东、西古特提斯洋完全可以类比,自晚古生代末西特提斯带主要受古特提斯大洋双向俯冲制约,在俯冲带后缘以二叠纪裂谷带为基础逐渐发展成中生代多岛弧盆系的新特提斯构造格局,西特提斯造山系主要表现为弧后洋盆消减造山作用。  相似文献   

西南三江金沙江弧盆系时空结构及构造演化          下载免费PDF全文

王保弟  王立全  王冬兵  李奋其  唐渊  王启宇  闫国川  吴喆 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(2):246-264

金沙江(-哀牢山)弧盆系是西南三江多岛弧盆系的重要组成部分,恢复其时空格架及其形成演化过程对理解古特提斯多岛弧盆系的时空格局具有重要意义。根据新的地质调查资料、研究成果并结合分析数据,系统总结了金沙江弧盆系不同构造单元的物质组成及其构造属性,讨论了其构造演化过程及其对VMS型矿床的控制作用。金沙江洋壳发育时限主要为晚志留世—二叠纪,古洋壳地幔受到了早期俯冲带物质富集组分的影响,主体形成于弧后盆地的构造环境。江达-德钦-维西岩浆弧为一复杂的陆缘弧,经历了俯冲消减(300～260 Ma)、早碰撞聚合(255～250 Ma)、同碰撞伸展(249～237 Ma)和晚碰撞造山(236～212 Ma)等构造事件叠加改造,形成了不同类型、不同环境的岩浆活动及其盆地。金沙江带新发现的贡觉榴辉岩、维西退变榴辉岩等高压变质带,为恢复金沙江古特提斯洋的俯冲-碰撞造山的复杂演化过程提供了重要证据。在此基础上,结合区域地质资料,构建了金沙江弧盆系的演化历史,认为经历了晚志留世—早二叠世金沙江(-哀牢山)弧后洋盆扩张、早二叠世晚期—晚二叠世洋壳俯冲消减、早三叠世—晚三叠世弧-陆碰撞造山与盆-山转换、晚三叠世末期后碰撞陆内造山至陆内汇聚-走滑转换等阶段的演化过程,每个阶段控制着不同类型的VMS型矿床。  相似文献   

四川省甘孜州康定县高原地热井施工工艺     

龙小军 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(7):60-62

康定县地热资源丰富,但开发利用少,仅2008-2009年由四川省地质工程勘察院在中谷地区实施地热勘探井2口,钻探深度共计184.96m。DZK02井是部署在四川省雅拉河中上游热水塘区块地热资源大盖沟沟口雅拉河右岸一级阶地上的第一口预探井,设计井深2 000m。钻井施工主要面临地层倾角大、地层出水量大、温度高、岩性破碎等施工难题。施工队伍采用螺杆纠斜、清水控压等钻井工艺,圆满完成了该井的施工任务。为该地区地热水的开发利用进行了有益的尝试。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠南缘非灌溉条件下梭梭[（Haloxylon ammodendron）]蒸腾耗水特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曹晓明  陈曦  王卷乐  王权  王珊珊 《干旱区地理》2013,36(2):292-302

利用热平衡包裹式茎流计连续测定了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘原生梭梭2010年5月6日～10月12日的茎干液流及气象因子数据,探究了非灌溉条件下不同直径梭梭在其蒸腾耗水特性及与气象因子相关性之间的差异。结果表明：（1）茎干液流昼夜变化规律明显,蒸腾日变化呈双峰或多峰趋势,夜间保持较小液流;午休现象多出现于14∶00～16∶00。相同环境因子影响下,直径越大,茎干液流速率越大,午休现象也越明显;（2）在生长季,不同直径梭梭液流的启动和停止时间存在差异,6～8月,直径越大,液流启动时间越早,停止时间越晚。同一植株液流在不同月份的启动和停止时间差异较大,生长初期,液流启动早,停止迟;生长季末期,液流启动迟,停止早;（3）5～8月,液流日累积过程呈明显的“S”型趋势;9～10月,呈斜率一致的一条直线。直径越大,日累积量和累积速率越大,第一拐点到达时刻越早,第二拐点到达时刻越晚;（4）液流速率与太阳辐射的相关性最好,其次为气温和相对湿度,风速最小;相关性在7月份最大,6月和8月次之,10月最小。相同环境条件下,直径越大,其液流速率对气象因子的响应越明显;（5）观测时段内,7月耗水最多,6月、8月、9月次之,5月和10月最少。直径越大耗水量越多,直径9.9、13.4、22.9 cm日均耗水量为0.570、0.595、0.694 mm,总耗水量为92.904、96.923、113.052 mm,液流通量为0.263、0.284、0.346 L·cm^-2·d^-1。与干旱区不同生境的梭梭相比,古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭的液流通量相对较小。不同地点和生境的梭梭在耗水数量、耗水日过程特性等方面差异明显,这为天然荒漠植被防护林的管理及沙漠区人工灌溉植物的水资源合理配置提供了一定的决策支持。  相似文献   

煤层气井专用DST测试设备研制及应用     

杨新辉  刘昌益  王彦龙  黑磊 《煤田地质与勘探》2014,42(6):40-43

常规DST地层测试工具不适用于煤层气井。为了解决煤层气井DST测试中的难题,避免井下开关井困难和动作管柱误操作,通过对DST测试理论及煤储层特征的分析,研制出外膨胀式封隔器和井下电磁开关阀组成的煤层气井DST测试专用设备,并对目标煤层进行了DST测试。研究结果表明:煤层气井DST测试专用设备结构简单,操作方便;其测试结果可靠,工期短,成本低;适用于煤层裸眼测试和套管测试。   相似文献   

Comparative analysis of four stem taper models for Quercus glauca in Mount Halla,Jeju Island,South Korea     

LUMBRES Roscinto Ian Canicosa  LEE Young Jin  CHOI Hyung Soon  KIM Sung Yong  JANG Mi Na  ABINO Azyleah Caizares  SEO Yeon Ok  KIM Chan Soo  PARK Jung Hwan 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):442-448

This study was conducted to fit the diameter-height data of Quercusglaucain Jeju Island, South Korea to the four commonly used stem taper equations andto evaluate the performance of the four stem taper models using four statistical criteria： Fit index （FI）, root mean square error （RMSE）, bias （）,and absolute mean difference （AMD）. Results showed that the Kozak02stem taper equation provided the best FI（0.9847）, RMSE（1.5745）,（-0.0030 cm） and AMD （1.0990 cm） whileMax and Burkhart model had the poorest performance among the four stem taper models based on the four evaluation statistics （FI ： 0.9793,RMSE ： 1.8272, ： 0.3040 cm and AMD ： 1.3060 cm）. These stem taper equations can serve as a useful tool for forest managers in estimating the diameter outside bark at any given height, merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumesof the standing trees of Quercusglaucain theGotjawal forests located in Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea.  相似文献   

西藏东部昌都地区三叠纪岩相古地理   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

彭勇民  刘家铎 《古地理学报》1999,1(4):26-34

昌都地区三叠纪岩相古地理演化可划分为5个阶段,各阶段的古构造与古地理格架既有继承性,又有差异性。早三叠世承袭了晚二叠世末期的古地理,古陆面积扩大,海域沉积只占据狭窄部分,并且从这个时期起,已展现出弧－盆体系中的岛、海格架雏形;中三叠世沿袭了早三叠世弧－盆体系,弧内盆地发生强烈拗陷,堆积了巨厚的多物源浊积岩与幕式弧火山岩;晚三叠世卡尼早期因东侧金沙江洋的消亡,发育磨拉石沉积,仅在局部地区表现为陆棚→斜坡→盆地沉积;晚三叠世诺利早期,全区范围内发生一次规模空前的海侵,碳酸盐沉积向东西两侧古陆超覆,弧－盆区岛海格局从此消失;晚三叠世诺利晚期以后,海水自东向西退出,海陆过渡相与滨岸陆屑沉积广泛覆盖全区。研究表明,三叠纪时昌都地区曾经存在着一个类似于现今印度尼西亚岛、海的古地理格局。  相似文献   

多岛弧盆系构造模式:认识大陆地质的关键   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

潘桂棠  王立全  李荣社  尹福光  朱弟成 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,(3):1-20

本文在对以青藏高原为主体的东特提斯30多年来的地质调查和研究实践基础上,通过与现今西南太平洋区域弧盆构造体系的对比研究,提出了适合于板块构造登陆的现实主义替代模型-多岛弧盆系构造模式。大洋岩石圈与大陆岩石圈之间的多岛弧盆系构造模式是板块构造登陆的入门向导,是认识大陆地质演化的关键。基于该模式研究认为,特提斯大洋最初开始于Rodinia超大陆解体的晚前寒武纪晚期,比太平洋体系更老。青藏高原形成受控于不同时期大陆边缘多岛弧盆系构造演化,一系列弧后或弧间盆地消亡、弧-弧或弧-陆碰撞的岛弧造山作用实现大陆边缘增生。该现实主义模式即可成功地解释青藏高原的形成演化过程,亦可为现在和将来特提斯构造域与亚洲大陆的地质工作所检验。多岛弧盆系构造的识别与深入研究不仅在造山带具有强大的生命力,能够全面解剖造山带的物质组成、结构构造与演化历史,而且对于分析前寒武纪大陆克拉通基底的形成也具有重要启示。  相似文献