中国大地构造单元划分   总被引：124，自引：18，他引：106       下载免费PDF全文

潘桂棠肖庆辉  陆松年邓晋福冯益民  张克信张智勇王方国  邢光福郝国杰 冯艳芳 《中国地质》2009,36(1):1-28

中国大地构造形成演化与大地构造分区研究已有百余年的历史,整体论述中国构造分区,都以不同学派对中国大陆地壳形成演化的不同认识论和方法论,有不同的方案.以黄汲清先生等多旋回构造观、王鸿祯先生等历史大地构造观和李春昱先生等板块构造观的"三大主流大地构造观"为指导思想的大地构造划分方案,是集中国地质构造之大成,在全国起指导作用,影响既广泛且深远.板块构造单元划分是当前板块构造细结构研究的关键问题.它既是板块构造研究的理论问题,也是区域地质研究和成矿预测评价亟待解决的实际问题.本文的大地构造分区图的编制是以地层划分和对比、沉积建造、火山岩建造、侵入岩浆活动、变质变形等地质记录为基础,承接融合中国"三大主流大地构造观"的经典划分理念,在板块构造-地球动力学理论指导下,以成矿规律和矿产能源预测的需求为基点,以不同规模相对稳定的古老陆块区和不同时期的造山系大地构造相环境时空结构分析为主线,以特定区域主构造事件形成的优势大地构造相的时空结构组成和存在状态为划分构造单元的基本原则,划分出中国的大地构造环境主要由陆块区和造山系组成为9个一级构造单元,以及相应的56个二级构造单元.中国大地构造研究还存在一系列重大科学问题,较准确地划分尚需很长时间的不懈努力.  相似文献   

综合勘查方法在探测地下断落钻具中的应用     

黄来源  李远强  李军辉 《岩土工程技术》2011,25(3):150-153

工程钻探中钻具掉落和钻孔偏斜超差一直是孔内事故中发生较多并难以处理的。如果掉落于地下的钻具由于钻孔偏斜超差偏离了设计的地下深度位置,偏斜方位又难以确定,而地下这个深度同时处于地下隧道施工中盾构旋挖设备的行进路线上,钻具有可能斜超差到了盾构施工区域,这样将严重破坏盾构施工设备的正常运行。这种特殊情况要求钻探施工方必须在钻具掉落的深度位置确定遗存钻具偏斜的具体方位,一旦确定钻具偏斜到了地下盾构施工区域内,必须通过各种手段取出掉落钻具。通过工程实例介绍了通过人工开挖探井、管线探测仪、磁力探测仪等多种勘查手段探测地下遗存金属钻具的方法,通过多种方法的应用效果对比,对工程钻探施工中钻杆掉落的工程难题的解决方案进行探讨。  相似文献   

早古生代镇淅地块与秦岭多岛小洋盆的演化   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26       下载免费PDF全文

殷鸿福  黄定华 《地质学报》1995,69(3):193-204

本文根据古地理、古生物地理、古地磁、地球化学及火山岩工作成果，提出镇安－淅川地块是早古生代自南秦岭裂离而较早缝合于北秦岭的一小型地块、早古生代秦岭是个多岛小洋盆，具有包括镇淅 地块在内的五列岛屿。  相似文献   

TLS-bridged co-prediction of tree-level multifarious stem structure variables from worldview-2 panchromatic imagery: a case study of the boreal forest     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(7):701-718

ABSTRACT

In forest ecosystem studies, tree stem structure variables (SSVs) proved to be an essential kind of parameters, and now simultaneously deriving SSVs of as many kinds as possible at large scales is preferred for enhancing the frontier studies on marcoecosystem ecology and global carbon cycle. For this newly emerging task, satellite imagery such as WorldView-2 panchromatic images (WPIs) is used as a potential solution for co-prediction of tree-level multifarious SSVs, with static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) assumed as a ‘bridge’. The specific operation is to pursue the allometric relationships between TLS-derived SSVs and WPI-derived feature parameters, and regression analyses with one or multiple explanatory variables are applied to deduce the prediction models (termed as Model1s and Model2s). In the case of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremul and Quercus robur in a boreal forest, tests showed that Model1s and Model2s for different tree species can be derived (e.g. the maximum R²?=?0.574 for Q. robur). Overall, this study basically validated the algorithm proposed for co-prediction of multifarious SSVs, and the contribution is equivalent to developing a viable solution for SSV-estimation upscaling, which is useful for large-scale investigations of forest understory, macroecosystem ecology, global vegetation dynamics and global carbon cycle.  相似文献   

Estimation of tree water stress from stem and soil water monitoring with time‐domain reflectometry in two small forested basins in Spain     

Virginia Hernández‐Santana  José Martínez‐Fernández  Carlos Morán 《水文研究》2008,22(14):2493-2501

Soil‐tree water relationships were studied using time domain reflectometry (TDR) in two small forested basins in Spain. The stem water content of two Mediterranean Quercus species (Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus rotundifolia) was measured using previously constructed species‐specific equations. To monitor soil moisture, a TDR station network was used in both cases. Sixteen Q. pyrenaica and six Q. rotundifolia individuals were selected to install two TDR probes in their trunks (at 20 and 120 cm above the ground) to monitor stem water content. Stem and soil water contents were measured fortnightly. The stem water content of both species showed a similar temporal trend for the period studied. A spring maximum (0·654 cm³ cm^?3 for Q. pyrenaica and 0·568 cm³ cm^?3 for Q. rotundifolia) was found to be associated with high transpiration and no soil moisture deficit, and a late‐summer minimum (0·520 cm³ cm^?3 for Q. pyrenaica and 0·426 cm³ cm^?3 for Q. rotundifolia) was associated with the end of the dry season. This drop in stem water content occurs when the available water in the soil decreases. This seasonal difference presumably reflects water withdrawn from stem storage to support the transpirational demands of the tree. Since plant water stress results in reduced stem water content and since this drop can be measured by TDR, it may be concluded that this technology offers a suitable tool for detecting plant water stress. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西准噶尔志留纪-泥盆纪弧盆格局的确定及其区域构造演化意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨维  王国灿  纵瑞文  肖龙  李理  杨钢 《地球科学》2015,40(3):448-460,503

新疆西准噶尔克拉玛依-额敏一带广泛出露古生代的物质建造,记录着古亚洲洋演化的重要信息.古生代期间特别是晚古生代期间经历了复杂的洋陆转换过程,残留了系列近东西向及北东向蛇绿构造混杂岩系以及古大陆边缘的增生体系,造就了研究区复杂的岩石地层系统.目前对西准噶尔志留系、泥盆系构造古地理属性及志留纪-泥盆纪构造格局的刻画并不够精细.通过详细地野外地质调查及室内数据综合分析,结合前人的研究资料,对西准噶尔克拉玛依-额敏一带志留系及泥盆系代表性的岩石地层的构造古地理属性进行了界定,并在此基础上,对研究区志留纪-泥盆纪的弧盆格局进行探讨.综合分析认为志留纪西准噶尔克拉玛依-额敏一带古亚洲洋开始强烈的俯冲消减,泥盆纪古亚洲洋进入全面俯冲拼贴的演化阶段,形成多块体拼贴增生的多岛弧盆格局.泥盆纪后古亚洲洋在研究区开始进入残余洋盆的演化阶段.   相似文献   

冬小麦产量形成的干物质模式   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

武金岗  高苹  汤志成  陶炳炎 《气象》1997,23(3):46-49

针对徐淮地区冬小麦的生长情况，建立了冬小麦总生物量与气象条件综合因子逐蒸发量的工模式，并在引进三种群生态模型基础上，结合穗茎叶之间关系，研制出穗茎叶干物质相互作用模式，用数学方法研究了冬小麦干物质形成的规律，对生长模拟具有实际参考价值。  相似文献   

Sedimentary geochemistry of the Cambrian-Ordovician cherts: Implication on archipelagic ocean of North Qilian orogenic belt   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Du YuanSheng  Zhu Jie  Gu SongZhu  Xu YaJun  Yang JiangHai 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(11):1628-1644

The Caledonian North Qilian orogenic belt lies between the North China plate and the Qaidam mi-croplates, and resulted from the collision among the Qaidam microplate, mid-Qilian block and the North China plate. The orogen initiated from the rifting of the Late Proterozoic Rodinia, and then it experi-enced stages of Cambrian rift basin and Ordovician archipelagic oceanic basin, and foreland basin during Silurian to Early-Middle Devonian. The average ratios of Al/(Al Fe Mn), Al/(Al Fe), δ Ce, Lan/Ybn and Lan/Cen from cherts of Cambrian Heicigou Formation are 0.797, 0.627, 1.114, 0.994 and 1.034 re-spectively. In the NAS standardized REE distribution pattern, the cherts from Xiangqianshan is slightly HREE enriched, and the cherts from Ganluci and Shiqingdong are plane. All of these features indicated that Cambrian cherts of the Heicigou Formation originated from a continental margin rift background. On the contrary, the average ratios of Al/(Al Fe Mn), Al/(Al Fe), δ Ce, Lan/Ybn, Lan/Cen of the Ordovician chert from Dakecha, Cuijiadun, Shihuigou, Laohushan, Heicigou, Maomaoshan, Bianmagou, Da-chadaban, Baiquanmen, Jiugequan and Angzanggou, are respectively 0.72, 0.58, 0.99, 1.09 and 0.96 respectively. Their NAS standardized REE distribution patterns of most Ordovician cherts are plane mode or slightly HREE enriched. The REE distribution pattern of few samples of cherts are slightly LREE enriched. Characteristics of sedimentary geochemistry and tectonic evolution demonstrated that the Cambrian-Ordovician cherts, associated with rift, oceanic, island arc and back-arc volcanic rocks, was not formed in a typical abyssal oceanic basin or mid-oceanic ridge. On the contrary, they formed in a deepwater basin of continental margin or a archipelagic ocean tectonic setting. Several Early Paleo-zoic ophiolite belts in North Qilian and adjacent periphery Qaidam microplate imply that an archipelagic ocean during Ordovician existed in the east of Pro-Tethys.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and spatial distribution of late-Paleozoic mafic volcanic rocks in the surrounding areas of the Gonghe Basin: Implications for Majixueshan triple-junction and east Paleotethyan archipelagic ocean     

GUO AnLin  ZHANG GuoWei  SUN YanGui  CHENG ShunYou  YAO AnPing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z2):292-304

The late-Paleozoic mafic volcanic rocks occurring in the surrounding areas of the Gonghe basin are distributed in the A'nyêmaqên ophiolite zone, Zongwulong tectonic zone and Kuhai-Saishitang volcanic zone. The mafic volcanics in the A'nyêmaqên zone formed an ancient ridge-centered hotspot around the Majixueshan OIB, the Kuhai-Saishitang mafic rocks consist of E-MORB and continental rift basalts and the Zongwulong volcanic rocks are enriched N-MORB. The regionally low Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios reflect the influence of the OIB material on the mafic magma source. From geochemistry, spatial distribution and tectonic relationship of the mafic rocks, an ancient triple-junction centered at the Majixueshan can be inferred. The existence of the Kuhai-Saishitang aulacogen may have provided a tectonic channel for the Majixueshan OIB materials metasomatizing the magma source for the Zongwulong rocks. The formation of the triple-junction and the rifting of the Zongwulong zone have separated the orogens and massifs in the region.  相似文献   

新疆塔里木河下游柽柳茎水势变化与影响因子研究   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

付爱红  陈亚宁  李卫红 《干旱区地理》2007,30(1):108-114

结合塔里木河下游生态输水过程中的实测资料,分析了不同断面柽柳茎水势变化特征、柽柳茎水势的日、月变化规律及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:依干不及麻断面柽柳茎水势普遍低于英苏断面;柽柳茎水势日变化大体呈直线下降趋势;英苏断面9月份柽柳茎水势比7月份和8月份高,依干不及麻断面9月份柽柳茎水势比7月份和8月份低。柽柳茎水势日变化与气温和空气相对湿度之间有显著的相关关系,气温升高,空气相对湿度降低,植物蒸腾失水增多,水势降低。同时与地下水埋深间也有十分显著的相关关系,随地下水埋深增大,土壤含水量减小,茎水势降低,地下水埋深减小,土壤含水量增大,茎水势回升。  相似文献