Primary Product Distributions from the Reaction of OH with m-, p-Xylene, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene     

D. F. Smith  T. E. Kleindienst  C. D. McIver 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,34(3):339-364

A study was conducted to examine the OH-initiated degradation products of the four title compounds in the presence of sub-part-per-million levels of NO_x. The oxidation was conducted in a dynamic reactor to minimize the conversion of the aromatic compounds. The experiments were designed to represent reaction pathways that occur in the atmosphere at ambient NO₂ concentrations. A wide range of ring-retaining and ring-cleavage products having widely varying yields were measured during the study. For m-xylene, the major primary products observed (with molar yields) were methyl glyoxal (0.40), 4-oxo-2-pentenal (0.12), glyoxal (0.079), and m-tolualdehyde (0.049). For p-xylene, the major primary products were p-tolualdehyde (0.103), 2,5-dimethylphenol (0.13), cis-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.176), trans-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.045), 2-methyl-butenedial (0.071), glyoxal (0.394), and methylglyoxal (0.217). Several other reaction products were measured at yields less than 3%. The primary products for OH + 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were found as follows: methylglyoxal (0.44), glyoxal (0.066), cis-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.13), trans-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.031), biacetyl (0.114), 3-methyl-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.079), and 2-methyl-butenedial (0.045). Six other (ring retaining) products were measured at yields less than 3%. The primary products for OH + 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were methylglyoxal (0.90), 3-methyl-5-methylidene-5(2H)-furanone (0.1), 3,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-2-furanone (0.1), 3,5-dimethyl-5(2H)-2-furanone biacetyl (0.08), and 2-methyl-4-oxo-2- pentenal (0.05). Three other products were detected at molar yields less than 5%. In some cases, the yields for the ring fragmentation products could only be based on calibrations from surrogate compounds. Yields for several of the unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds have not been reported previously while yields for methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and biacetyl are largely consistent with previous reports. Some of the primary furanone products are the identical to those reported as secondary products in aromatic systems.  相似文献   

Correlations between cytochrome P450, haem synthesis enzymes, and aromatic compounds in flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the Baltic Sea     

Bogovski  S.; Sergeyev  B.; Muzyka  V.; Karlova  S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1999,56(2):152-156

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Biodegradation of Isoprenoids,Steranes, Terpanes,and Phenanthrenes During In Situ Bioremediation of Petroleum‐Contaminated Groundwater     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(2)

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Multidimensional Toxicity of Rhamnolipid Extracts Obtained From Creosote‐Contaminated Soil          下载免费PDF全文

Zuzanna Sydow  Piotr Lisiecki  Justyna Staninska‐Pięta  Anna Olejnik  Paweł Cyplik  Agnieszka Zgoła‐Grześkowiak  Roman Marecik  Jacek Nowak  Katarzyna Glazar  Agnieszka Piotrowska‐Cyplik 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(5)

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湖泊疏浚堆场淤泥污染及潜在生态风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘敏  钟继承  余居华  郑小兰  范成新 《湖泊科学》2016,28(6):1185-1193

疏浚淤泥内通常含有不同类型的有毒有害物质,在堆场直接堆放过程中可能会对周围环境产生有害影响.本文针对太湖及巢湖相应疏浚堆场内淤泥进行研究,探讨淤泥中重金属、多环芳烃以及多氯联苯等污染物含量及潜在生态风险;根据重金属的风险指数法和持久性有机污染物的风险商法,对各污染物的潜在生态风险进行定量分析.研究结果表明,太湖白旄堆场以及孔湾堆场淤泥内重金属及多环芳烃含量较小,潜在生态风险较低;巢湖南庄堆场淤泥内各类有害物质含量较大,种类较多,对于周围环境具有较高的潜在生态威胁.多氯联苯则在各个疏浚堆场淤泥中具有很高的积累量,潜在生态风险较高,应引起管理者的重视.  相似文献   

大气气溶胶中若干有机物的含量和季节变化   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

张志强  徐少才  王燕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(4):661-664,628

研究、探讨青岛近岸大气气溶胶中多芳烃类化合物的浓度水平、变化特征及影响因素。用高效液相色谱荧光检测法分析了青岛近岸大气气溶胶中的多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量水平,共检出13种多环芳烃化合物。结果表明该类化合物总量(∑PAHs)具有明显的季节特征,呈现春季<秋季<冬季的特征,人类活动可能是其主要来源。  相似文献   

Distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Osaka Bay,Japan     

Shizuho Miki  Seiichi Uno  Kazuki Ito  Jiro Koyama  Hiroyuki Tanaka 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Contaminations in sediments by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs were investigated at 44 sites in Osaka Bay, Japan. Concentrations of total PAHs and alkylated PAHs were in the range 6.40–7800 ng/g dry weights and 13.7–1700 ng/g dry weights, respectively. The PAH concentrations tended to be higher along the shoreline in the vicinities of big ports, industrialized areas, and densely populated regions such as the cities of Osaka and Kobe. The major sources appeared to be pyrogenic or both pyrogenic and petrogenic at most of the sites. PAH concentrations were remarkably high at a site near Kobe, where the concentrations of dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene exceeded the effects-range-medium concentration and eight PAHs were above the corresponding effects-range-low concentrations. Those PAHs may have been derived from the great fire associated with the large earthquake in 1995.  相似文献   

基于特征比值的原油中PAHs标志物风化规律研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

曹磊  韩彬  郑立  杨东方  王小如 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(5):1182-1188

以渤海某原油作为研究对象进行综合模拟风化实验, 探讨了原油中五类PAHs组分的风化规律并筛选出其中稳定的诊断比值。结果表明: 经过50d风化, 原油中PAHs的分布已经发生了较大的改变, 其中萘系类损失最为严重, 菲系列所占的比例有所提高, 二苯并噻吩、屈、芴系列则保持相对稳定, 这为进一步筛选用于溢油来源鉴别的新诊断比值参数提供了一定依据; 经风化检验, 现有常用6种PAHs诊断比值在风化50d后较稳定, 可用于风化溢油的鉴别; 所选取新诊断比值中, 菲和屈系列、烷基取代二苯并噻吩类、烷基取代芴类抗风化能力较强, 共筛选出34种诊断比值可作为溢油鉴别的有效指标。  相似文献   

Marine sponges as bioindicators of oil and combustion derived PAH in coastal waters     

《Marine environmental research》2013

The present study evaluates the potential of Hymeniacidon heliophila as bioindicator of PAH contamination. For this, concentration of 33 PAH was determined in organisms from sites with different contamination level including the heavily polluted Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, and less impacted coastal areas. PAH concentration and typology were determined in sponges collected from different depths and in two different seasons. The brown mussel broadly studied as bioindicator was also sampled from the same sites for comparison. Both species provided similar information on total PAH concentration which is related to site contamination level. Sponges, however, revealed slight tendency to accumulation of combustion-derived PAH in relation to petrogenic compounds. Differences in PAH typology between species may derive from the interspecific variation in particle size ingestion. Different hydrocarbon typologies were observed in sponges from dry and wet season and PAH concentration varied with depth. H. heliophila may be used as an alternative approach to investigate the presence and sources of PAH in estuarine areas.  相似文献   

福州市农业土壤多环芳烃的含量、来源及生态风险   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩志刚  ;杨玉盛  ;杨红玉  ;倪进治 《福建地理》2008,(2):34-41

研究了福州市农业表层土壤（0-10cm）。中美国环境保护署（USEPA）优控的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）含量,并对其来源和生态风险进行了分析。结果表明,供试土样中16种PAHs检出率达到100％,其总量的含量范围为100.2-1215.1μgkg^-1,且与土壤总有机碳的含量呈显著正相关;土壤中PAHs主要源于生物燃烧和石油。利用毒性当量因子（TEF）计算了供试土样中PAHs单体相对于苯并[a]芘的毒性当量（Bapeq）,土样中总Bap。值的范围为12.50-147.95μgkg^-1,其中50％土样总Bapeq的值超过荷兰规定目标值（总Bapeq=32.96μgkg^-1）,表明福州市部分农业土壤存在一定的潜在生态风险。  相似文献