The Greening of Baltimore's Asphalt Schoolyards          下载免费PDF全文

Geoffrey L. Buckley  Christopher G. Boone  J. Morgan Grove 《Geographical review》2017,107(3):516-535

Asphalt was becoming an integral part of the urban American landscape by the end of the nineteenth century. Not only was it emerging as the preferred alternative for street paving, its promoters were endorsing it for other purposes as well. Although Baltimore was not in the vanguard when it came to adopting asphalt for road surfaces, it soon followed the trend. Like other cities, it too found other applications for this versatile petroleum product, including the paving of playgrounds and schoolyards. Despite low maintenance costs, widespread use of asphalt as a recreational surface started to meet resistance in Baltimore during the 1960s. Fifty years later, stringent storm‐water runoff requirements are causing city officials to rethink how they deploy asphalt in an urban setting. In an effort to meet these new requirements, while at the same time improve recreational opportunities for school children, an alliance of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and private developers has developed a strategy to remove asphalt from schoolyards—one that may serve as a model for other cities facing financial and sustainability challenges similar to those of Baltimore.  相似文献   

Laboratory and field performance of recycled aggregate base in a seasonally cold region     

Tuncer B. Edil  Bora Cetin  Ali Soleimanbeigi 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(3):183-191

The objective of this project was to characterize the freeze-thaw properties of recycled concrete (RCA) and asphalt (RAP) as unbound base and to assess how they behaved in the field for nearly 8 years. This paper includes an examination of existing information, laboratory studies of freeze-thaw behavior, and evaluation of data from MnROAD field-test sections in a seasonally cold region, i.e., in Minnesota, USA. Test sections were constructed using recycled materials in the granular base layers at the MnROAD test facility. One test section included 100% RAP, another 100% RCA, a third one a 50/50 blend of RCA/natural aggregate, and a fourth one only natural aggregate (Class 5) as a control. The stiffness (i.e., elastic modulus) was monitored during construction and throughout the pavement life by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, along with the variation of temperatures and moisture regimes in the pavement to determine their effects on pavement performance. The resilient modulus of each material was determined by bench-scale testing in accordance with NCHRP 1-28a, as well as by field-scale tests incorporating a falling-weight deflectometer. Specimens were subjected to as many as 20 cycles of freeze-thaw in the laboratory, and the change in their resilient modulus was measured. In the field-test sections constructed with the same materials as the base course, temperature, moisture, and field modulus (from falling-weight deflectometer tests) were monitored seasonally for nearly 8 years. From the temperatures in the base course layer, the number of freeze-thaw cycles experienced in the field was determined for each test section. Inferences were made relative to modulus change versus freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusions were drawn for long-term field performances of the recycled base (RAB) in comparison to natural aggregate.  相似文献   

陷落柱中“止水塞”的快速建立技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑士田  马培智 《煤田地质与勘探》1998,26(3):51-53

论述了通过注浆在特大型垂向导水通道——陷落柱中建立人工"止水塞"的技术与途径,即"止水塞"位置选择、厚度计算、注浆钻孔的施工工艺、注浆施工工艺、"止水塞"检查、完善与加固方法,并通过实例说明该项技术的实用性和可推广性。   相似文献   

硫铁矿地下深井巷堵水工程设计     

罗继辉 《水文地质工程地质》1999,26(2):57-59

本文工程设计阐述了在动水条件下,封堵水平巷道的“三段式”组合灌浆方法,以及定向钻进在地下深井巷堵水工程中的应用。  相似文献   

秦岭造山带多金属矿普查复杂地层护壁堵漏技术          下载免费PDF全文

柳硕林  韩明耀 《探矿工程》2020,47(1):43-47

秦岭造山带多金属矿普查项目钻探施工过程中钻遇多种复杂地层,垮塌、缩径、漏失等复杂情况频发,严重影响了施工效率。分别采用了植物胶钙处理钻井液、聚乙烯醇无固相钻井液等进行护壁工作,结合不同漏失情况分别实施了随钻堵漏、凝胶堵漏等技术措施,取得了良好的使用效果。  相似文献   

超高沥青混凝土心墙高应力水平的降低措施研究     

高俊  党发宁  马宗源 《岩土力学》2020,41(5):1730-1739

随着沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝的快速发展,超高沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝建设迎来了前所未有的机遇,但随着坝高的增加,心墙的安全挑战也变得异常突出。基于应力水平的定义,提出降低超高沥青混凝土心墙高应力水平的措施,依托心墙应力水平的敏感性研究,推算了独立满足和综合满足心墙屈服剪切破坏控制标准的心墙材料强度参数（最敏感材料参数）取值范围。研究表明,心墙应力水平随坝高和河谷岸坡坡比的增加而显著增大;心墙破坏比 、黏聚力 和内摩擦角 属于高敏感性参数;增大心墙破坏比 、黏聚力 和内摩擦角 能够显著地降低心墙应力水平;推荐适宜建设超高沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝的心墙破坏比 、黏聚力 和内摩擦角 取值范围： 0.8、 0.4 MPa和 31.5°（坝高 200 m）,且随坝高的增长梯度按5%/25 m、15%/25 m和5%/25 m进行调整。  相似文献   

微生物调剖机理及应用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

罗强  蒲万芬  罗敏  赵金洲 《地质科技情报》2005,24(2):101-104

岩芯试验和矿场应用发现,微生物可以在多孔介质中生长、运移和繁殖,代谢产生生物聚合物,并进一步形成生物膜.生物聚合物在地层中可以通过条件的改变而形成凝胶;生物膜由于其致密性也可以对高渗透层产生选择性的封堵,调整吸水剖面,提高原油采收率.对生物矿化作用的进一步研究有助于微生物调剖机理的完善和应用.微生物调剖技术以其设备简单、施工简便、经济环保而在提高油田采收率方面得到广泛的应用.  相似文献   

Behavior of soil plugs in open‐ended model piles driven into sands     

Kyu‐Ho Paik  Seung‐Rae Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):353-373

Calibration chamber tests were conducted on open‐ended model piles driven into dried siliceous sands with different soil conditions in order to clarify the effect of soil conditions on load transfer mechanism in the soil plug. The model pile used in the test series was devised so that the bearing capacity of an open‐ended pile could be measured as three components: outside shaft resistance, plug resistance, and tip resistance. Under the assumption that the unit shaft resistance due to pile‐soil plug interaction varies linearly near the pile tip, the plug resistance was estimated. The plug capacity, which was defined as the plug resistance at ultimate condition, is mainly dependent on the ambient lateral pressure and relative density. The length of wedged plug that transfers the load decreases with the decrease of relative density, but it is independent of the ambient pressure and penetration depth. Under several assumptions, the value of earth pressure coefficient in the soil plug can be calculated. It gradually reduces with increase in the longitudinal distance from the pile tip. At the bottom of the soil plug, it tends to decrease with increase in the penetration depth and relative density, and to increase with the increase of ambient pressure. This may be attributed to (1) the decrease of friction angle as a result of increase in the effective vertical stress, (2) the difference in the dilation degree of the soil plug during driving with ambient pressures, and (3) the difference in compaction degree of soil plug during driving with relative densities. Based on the test results, an empirical equation was suggested to compute the earth pressure coefficient to be used in the calculation of plug capacity using one‐dimensional analysis, and it produces proper plug capacities for all soil conditions.  相似文献   

A new look at the phenomenon of offshore pile plugging     

Samuel G. Paikowsky  Robert V. Whitman  Mohsen M. Baligh 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):213-230

Abstract

Open‐pipe piles are widely used for offshore structures. During the initial stage of installation, soil enters the pile at a rate equal to the pile penetration. As penetration continues, the inner soil cylinder may develop sufficient frictional resistance to prevent further soil intrusion, causing the pile to become plugged. The open‐ended pile then assumes the penetration characteristics of a closed‐ended pile. The mode of pile penetration significantly alters the soil‐pile interaction during and after installation. This affects the ultimate static bearing capacity (mainly in granular materials), the time‐dependent pile capacity (in clays), and the dynamic behavior and analysis of the piles.

Following a summary demonstrating the effects of pile plugging, a review of the common view of offshore pile plugging is undertaken. The interpretation of plugging by referring to the average plug length has led to the erroneous conclusion that in most piles significant plugging action does not occur.

Establishment of an analogy between soil samplers and open‐ended piles enabled correct identification of plugging by referring to the incremental changes in plug length. Examination of case histories of plugging of offshore piles revealed that beyond a certain penetration depth‐to‐diameter ratio, most piles are plugged.  相似文献   

海上油田泡沫堵水技术研究与应用     

刘晖  李翔  徐国瑞  郭宏峰 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(2):59-63

如何有效地实现控水增油是目前海上油田进行高效高速开发所面临的问题。泡沫堵水技术作为一项控水增油的增产工艺措施在陆上油田得到了成功的应用,且近年来泡沫设备的改进使得该技术在海上油田的应用成为可能。此文通过泡沫静态实验、动态实验优选出了适合目标油藏条件的高效起泡剂,并对泡沫的油敏性,封堵能力,提高采收率性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,筛选出的起泡剂就有较好的起泡性能,泡沫具有较好的堵水效果,堵水率最高达到97．8％,且对高渗模型提高采收率幅度达到15．9％。通过在海上油田的应用,该技术实现了控水增油的作用,取得了较好的增产效果。  相似文献