Structural control on gold mineralization at Walhalla,Victoria     

K. M. Tomlinson  C. J. L. Wilson  R. Hazeldene  E. M. Lohe 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):421-444

Gold mineralization associated with quartz reefs is related to the structural history of the Early Devonian, Walhalla Group. These reefs are situated in the Walhalla Synclinorium, developed during the Middle to Late Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny. A pervasive north‐south‐trending axial planar cleavage and two styles of folding were produced during regional east‐west compression. The first are upright, open to close folds with sub‐horizontal fold axes. The second are plunging inclined, close to tight folds with fold axes that plunge steeply to the north and south. An extensional event is associated with the emplacement of the Woods Point Dyke swarm and a set of normal faults that offset all earlier structures. High‐angle reverse faults, which post‐date the folding and the emplacement of the dykes, were utilized as conduits for hydrothermal fluids and preferentially localize mineralization to laminated quartz veins. En echelon vein arrays formed during initial stages of reverse faulting became deformed during prolonged shearing to produce ptygmatic veins. Laminated quartz veins within high‐angle reverse faults contain arsenopyrite and pyrite in vein margins and gold in fractures that cross‐cut continuous quartz crystals. Gold, galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite may also be deposited adjacent to and within fractured arsenopyrite and pyrite. Late‐stage, cross faults developed in a regime of north‐south compression and post‐date the laminated quartz veins and mineralization.  相似文献   

沥青混凝土心墙坝非线性有限元应力变形分析     

潘家军  江凌 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z2):447-451

利用大型通用有限元分析软件ABAUQS的用户开发平台,实现了Duncan-Chang 模型的接口开发,完成了某沥青混凝土堆石坝的填筑与蓄水过程二维非线性有限元仿真模拟,得到了坝体和沥青混凝土心墙的应力与变形等结果,其成果对工程坝体断面优化分区、沥青混凝土心墙防渗设计可提供参考依据;同时表明：充分利用ABAQUS已经具备的非线性分析功能,二次开发是完成土石坝非线性应力应变分析的有效解决方案。  相似文献   

Gold mineralization paragenesis to tectonic structures in the Birimian of the eastern Dialé-Daléma Supergroup,Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier,Senegal, West African Craton     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):807-825

ABSTRACT

New field and petrographic data from the Birimian of the Kolia-Boboti Basin in the Kédougou-Kéniéba inlier indicate two phases of gold mineralization related to Eburnean tectono-magmatic events. Syn- to late-tectonic (D₂/D₃) mineralization, controlled by stockwork sulphide-bearing quartz-chlorite and quartz-carbonate veins, is associated with fluid circulation related to magmatic intrusions. V₂ veins and disseminated assemblages are mainly composed of quartz + chlorite + pyrite and ± gold. Haematite and arsenopyrite are added in the sediments (pelite, greywake, sandstone, quartzite, and marble) and albite in the felsic rocks (andesite, rhyolite, granodirite, and diorite). V₃ veins assemblage is composed of quartz + carbonate + pyrite + chalcopyrite and ± gold. Pyrrhotite appears in the sediments (greywacke, quartzite, marble). Sericite, tourmaline, haematite, and magnetite are common in both V₂ and V₃ assemblages. The first sulphide-bearing quartz-chlorite assemblage is related to the hydrothermal activity of the Eburnean D₂ deformation, which was focused mostly along NW- to NNE-trending tectonic structures. The second sulphide-bearing quartz-carbonate assemblage is associated with hydrothermal activity during late Eburnean D₃ deformation, mainly located in NE- to E–W-trending tectonic structures. Gold is correlated with the abundance of sulphides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite), and sulphide stockworks are more abundant in the veins sub-parallel (V_2b) or oblique (V_2c) to the N–S- to NNE-oriented S₂ foliation, as well as in the N45°–N90°-oriented V₃ veins. V₁ veins, which are related to D₁ Eburnean tectonics, are highly deformed (folded and boudinaged) and are poor in sulphides. The host structures of mineralization (V₂ and V₃ veins) represent the low- and medium-stress domains resulting from the Eburnean D₂ and D₃ tectonic phases, respectively. The intra-crystalline deformation of the quartz grains associated with these three vein types indicates relatively low temperatures. These different features suggest that most of the mineralization was associated with sulphides formed during the D₂ and D₃ Eburnean tectono-magmatic events dated around 2080 ± 0.9 and 2061 ± 15 Ma, respectively.  相似文献   

用解析延拓求取剩余磁异常来圈定浅部隐伏磁铁矿脉     

李建华  李春鹏 《物探化探计算技术》2012,34(3):288-294

剩余磁异常求取是一种对磁场强度进行化极,解析延拓后提取浅部磁性介质异常的高通滤波方法。对于处于强磁性围岩的磁铁矿脉来说,浅部磁铁矿脉的异常往往被大规模的磁性围岩所引起的异常所掩盖。磁场强度与场源到测点距离的平方(二度体)或者立方(三度体)成反比,进行向上延拓的时候,由浅部场源引起的高频异常衰减快,深部场源引起的低频异常衰减的慢,因此地面实测磁场去掉向上解析延拓后的磁场值,可突出反映近地表磁性体引起的高频异常。这里通过解析延拓求取剩余异常,实现浅部磁铁矿脉异常信息的提取,为寻找隐伏的磁铁矿脉提供依据。并且利用此方法在秘鲁共和国Morritos铁矿圈定隐伏磁铁矿脉,验证了剩余异常在大规模的高磁性围岩中寻找隐伏磁铁矿脉的应用效果。  相似文献   

德兴朱砂红斑岩型铜(金)矿床流体包裹体研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张天福  潘小菲  杨丹  李岩  胡宝根  朱小云  赵苗 《矿床地质》2012,31(4):861-880

朱砂红矿床是德兴铜矿田的3大矿床之一,与铜厂、富家坞矿床呈NW向展布.为了查明该矿床的热液蚀变系统、矿化特征及成矿流体性质,文章选取朱砂红矿区5条勘探线上的21个钻孔,通过详细的岩芯编录和岩相学观察,依据矿物组合、脉体穿切关系及蚀变特征,将该矿区内的脉体分为A脉、B脉、D脉及后期碳酸盐和硫酸盐脉,A、B及D脉为主要的矿化脉,共有14种类型.对各期脉体内石英中的流体包裹体进行了系统的显微测温、气液相成分激光拉曼显微分析(LRM),从而详细示踪了成矿流体演化及蚀变-矿化过程.经研究得知,该矿区流体演化过程包括:成矿早期A脉形成阶段,发育4种脉体类型,其脉体多呈不规则状、顺板理团块状,发育的流体包裹体以富气相和含单子晶或多子晶相(还见有金属硫化物)组合为特点,均一温度为350～550℃,ω(NaCleq)主要集中在52.9％ ～69.9％(含子晶多相包裹体)和2.9％～16.8％(气液两相包裹体)2个区间内,该阶段的流体与早期的钾长石化蚀变关系密切;成矿中期B脉形成阶段,发育5种脉体,以平直为显著特征,发育富气相包裹体和单子晶包裹体,还含有部分富液相包裹体,其均一温度为248～405℃,ω(NaCleq)主要集中在38.6％ ～58.0％和0.9％～10.6％范围内,由于该阶段裂隙发育,成矿流体发生了减压沸腾作用,大量金属发生沉淀,是Cu(Au)、Mo的主要成矿阶段;成矿晚期D脉形成阶段,共有5种脉体类型,以富液相包裹体为主,还有少量富气相包裹体,其均一温度为127～326℃,ω(NaCleq)为0.4％～5.1％,该阶段形成了规模较大的黄铁绢英岩化和绿泥石-水云母化,伴有Mo矿化及少量Cu矿化.朱砂红矿区热液流体的演化总体上是,从早期的高温、中-高盐度的岩浆热液,向成矿晚期中-低温、低盐度的岩浆热液+大气降水混合流体转变.气液相成分激光拉曼显微分析(LRM)结果显示,在朱砂红矿区流体的演化过程中,有少量CO2的参与.此外,该矿床流体包裹体内所发现的多种暗色子矿物还有待进行系统鉴定.  相似文献   

青海公路沥青路面气候影响二级分区及K值变化研究     

房建宏 《冰川冻土》2012,34(2):455-459

利用1971-2002年青海公路沿线44个气象台站的降水、气温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速、日照百分率等地面气象资料,采用Penman公式计算了蒸发力ET,应用气候诊断方法分析了潮湿系数的变化特征.结果表明:按潮湿系数,干季青海省公路沿线全部为过干区,其他季节可分为过干区、中干区和润干区.近30a以来,干季公路沿线的潮湿系数K值呈减小趋势,而过渡季节、雨季和年度潮湿系数K值均呈增大趋势.而这种变化,主要是由气候的年代际波动造成的.  相似文献   

川西坳陷中段上三叠统须家河组二段原油裂解成因天然气发现及成藏模式初探     

刘四兵  沈忠民  吕正祥  罗小平  冷济高 《沉积学报》2012,30(2):385-391

川西坳陷中段具备多套烃源层、多个烃源区、多期油气生成、多期油气成藏同时又经历了多个构造期调整和破坏,纵向上发育的多套生储盖组合孕育了多层含气层系。天然气碳同位素分析表明,该区上三叠统须家河组产出的部分天然气乙烷碳同位素具有明显偏负的特征,相关图版的判别显示,这部分天然气具有原油裂解气的性质。同时在研究区上三叠统须家河组储层中发现了大量的储层沥青充填物,通过岩芯观察、显微照片、元素、热解等分析,发现该储层沥青充填物具有多种类型、多种分布形态、边界较为清楚等特征,且这些沥青充填物的反射率较高,尤其是须二段的储层沥青,这一特征与焦沥青的基本特征类似,表现为油藏裂解后残余物的特征,原油裂解气和焦沥青的发现证实了川西坳陷中段须家河组古油藏的存在。在此基础上,通过综合分析生油及裂解条件等,对研究区须家河组古油藏裂解气成藏模式进行了初步探讨,将这一过程分为印支晚期古油藏形成、燕山中期古油藏裂解、燕山晚期-喜山期气藏调整三个连续的阶段,这对深化认识川西坳陷中段天然气的成因和分布具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

Syn- to late-orogenic quartz veins marking a retrograde deformation path in a slate belt: Examples from the High-Ardenne slate belt (Belgium)     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

An integrated structural, petrographic and microthermometric methodology has been applied on syn- to late-orogenic quartz veins from the High-Ardenne slate belt (Belgium) to define their relative timing. The quartz precipitates, which do not show any mutual cross-cutting relationships, represent the meso-scale brittle accommodation during fold initiation, amplification and locking. Crystal-plastic deformation structures and P–T trapping conditions indicate that the different processes accommodating folding occurred in a progressive manner along a retrograde deformation path, associated with the gradual exhumation of the slate belt from ca. 7.5 to 6 km depth. Successive veining occurred from peak metamorphic conditions (ca. 300 °C and 190 MPa), measured in extrados veins, to subsequent lower P–T conditions in the periphery of a lenticular vein (ca. 275 °C and 180 MPa), late-orogenic saddle reef filling (ca. 245 °C and 160 MPa), and the core of a lenticular vein (ca. 220 °C and 150 MPa). Open-cavity growth and fluid-assisted brecciation indicate that veining occurred under overpressured fluid conditions. It is therefore fair to assume that the High-Ardenne slate belt acted – at least episodically – as a mid-crustal overpressured fluid reservoir, not only in the earliest and latest stages, but also during the main stage of orogeny.  相似文献   

滇西宝兴厂斑岩铜钼金矿床成矿流体特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孙诺  黄明  闵毅  陈浪  刘江涛  曹宝宝  熊伊曲 《岩石学报》2014,30(9):2644-2656

宝兴厂斑岩铜钼金矿床是三江成矿带上与富碱斑岩有关的典型斑岩型矿床,产出于金沙江-哀牢山深大断裂带中部东侧。宝兴厂矿床铜、钼、金、铁等各类型矿化皆有发育,具有复杂的岩浆活动及热液演化。矿区岩浆岩主要为喜马拉雅期富碱复式岩体,包括正长斑岩、石英二长斑岩、花岗斑岩和斑状花岗岩等,具有多期次侵入特征。铜钼矿体主要分布于花岗斑岩和斑状花岗岩内部,铁金矿体主要分布于岩体内外接触带上,矿体呈脉状、透镜状或似层状。热液蚀变由内向外分带显著,依次为钾硅酸盐化(黑云母化)、绢云母化、青磐岩化(绿泥石-绿帘石化),局部黏土化。本文通过系统的野外观测、详细的岩芯编录以及全面的岩相学观察,依据矿物共生组合、矿化热液脉体穿切关系及蚀变特征,将宝兴厂矿床内主要矿化脉体分为3类:A脉、B脉及D脉。通过对3类脉体内石英中流体包裹体的显微测温工作和成矿流体物理化学条件计算,剖析了成矿流体演化特征,探讨了成矿作用过程与成因机理。A脉与钾长石化和黑云母化蚀变关系密切,多为不规则脉状,宽约1~5mm,矿物组合一般为石英±钾长石±黑云母±少量黄铜矿±少量黄铁矿。石英多呈他形细粒,少量黄铁矿、黄铜矿沿石英颗粒边界呈浸染状产出。脉体中常含有黑云母、钾长石,两侧常见钾长石蚀变晕。A脉中一般没有矿化。B脉宽约15~30mm,矿物组合一般为:石英±辉钼矿±黄铜矿±黄铁矿。靠近脉壁的石英多为他形细粒,向中心转变为长柱状垂直于脉壁对称生长。硫化物呈线状分布于脉体的中心或边缘。B脉一般没有蚀变,偶见少量的绿帘石化-绿泥石化。D脉与绿泥石化-绢云母化关系密切,脉体规则连续,脉体宽度变化范围大,为1~30mm。矿物组合一般为石英±绿泥石±黄铁矿±少量黄铜矿。石英数量较少,多呈半自形-他形粗粒,相对于B脉黄铁矿含量明显增多,黄铜矿含量减少,呈浸染状分布,脉体中钾长石、黑云母常蚀变为绢云母和绿泥石,脉体两侧常具有绿泥石-绢云母蚀变晕。A脉形成于成矿早阶段斑岩尚未固结时,其流体包裹体以含子晶(NaCl子晶为主)多相包裹体和富气相包裹体组合为特点,均一温度为364~550℃,盐度分别集中在45.64%~52.89%NaCleqv(含子晶多相包裹体)和3.3%~16.34%NaCleqv(气液两相包裹体)两个区间内,该阶段流体显示出沸腾、不混溶及发生相分离特征。根据A脉中5个含石盐子晶的包裹体压力估算图,得出宝兴厂矿床A脉中LVH相包裹体被捕获时的最低压力为50~145MPa,按地压梯度27MPa/km换算,A脉形成的深度最少1.8~5.4km。B脉形成于成矿主阶段,石英中发育含子晶多相包裹体(NaCl子晶)和富气相包裹体,均一温度为210~410℃,盐度集中在34.24%~52.04%NaCleqv和5.23%~13.99%NaCleqv两个区间内,该阶段成矿流体发生减压沸腾作用,使得Cu、Mo、Au大量沉淀,根据NaCl-H2O体系P-T相图压力估算,B脉的形成压力大约为15~48MPa,形成深度为0.56~1.78km。D脉形成于成矿晚阶段,石英以发育大量富液相包裹体为特征,均一温度为223~303℃,盐度集中在3.53%~11.71%NaCleqv范围内,该阶段成矿流体以中-低温、低盐度的岩浆热液与大气降水的混合流体为主,流体压力也降低到15MPa,形成深度不超过0.56km。宝兴厂矿床热液流体演化总体趋势为:由早阶段的高温、中-高盐度的岩浆热液向成矿晚阶段中-低温、低盐度的岩浆热液+大气降水混合流体转变。  相似文献   

超临界流体的快速泄出:来自霓辉石英脉的证据   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郝金华  罗照华  梁涛  卢仁  刘晓  白凤军 《岩石学报》2014,30(11):3481-3489

河南外方山地区熊耳群火山岩中新发现了一种霓辉石英脉群,脉表现出独特的矿物组合及晶体特征,如霓辉石英脉具有复杂的矿物组成,表现出强烈的不平衡特点;霓辉石英脉具明显的对称分带特征,各分带中矿物组成及特征显著不同;存在具熔蚀边结构的钾长石-霓辉石集合体团块;霓辉石具在明显核幔结构,内核化学成分与幔边部存在较大差异;钾长石晶体元素分布存在似"文象"结构,表现出Fe元素的熔体分离特征;脉中矿物普遍发育环带结构;霓辉石英脉交代致密火山岩围岩形成蚀变带,新生大量榍石、霓辉石等矿物且含量随着与脉壁距离的增加急剧减少,显示出强烈的流体/气体扩散交代作用.霓辉石英脉独特的矿物组合及晶体特征反映了其成因的复杂性以及生长环境的变化.根据霓辉石英脉矿物的特点,推测其源于流体、熔体和晶体的混合物,并经历了快速侵位、快速冷却的过程,因而能够保存流体演化各阶段的结晶信息,保留不同成因的晶体群.外方山霓辉石英脉矿物可划分为捕虏晶亚群、熔体晶体群、超临界流体亚群、热液晶体亚群和凝聚晶体亚群等.外方山霓辉石英脉矿物晶体群的深入研究可能有助于揭示岩浆熔体向流体转换的机制及侵位机制,进而可揭示岩浆-流体成矿作用.  相似文献