弹塑性耦合条件下沥青混凝土的应力-应变关系     

朱晟 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z2):221-224

三轴试验的结果表明,由于应用于水利工程的沥青混凝土自身的孔隙率小,侧向作用效应十分明显,体积变形较小,且主要表现为剪胀特性,目前已有的非线性和弹塑性模型难以正确地反映复杂应力状态下的这种力学行为。考虑沥青混凝土不遵守关联流动法则和Drucker公设,其弹性系数伴随塑性变形过程而改变,建议了一个在弹塑性耦合基础上的双屈服面弹塑性模型,与室内三轴试验结果吻合良好。  相似文献   

康滇地轴巨粒晶质铀矿的发现及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张成江  陈友良  李巨初  徐争启  姚健 《地质通报》2015,34(12):2219-2226

康滇地轴米易海塔地区富晶质铀矿石英脉产于晚元古代受混合岩化作用影响的五马箐组黑云斜长片岩中,受韧-脆性断裂构造裂隙带控制。晶质铀矿呈黑色,半金属光泽;晶形完好,以立方体与八面体聚形及菱形十二面体为主,少量呈立方体;粒径大多0.5cm左右,最大可达1cm以上。共生矿物组合为石英-晶质铀矿-榍石-辉钼矿组合。研究认为,晶质铀矿形成于温度压力较高及深度较大的地质环境,是高温偏酸性流体在温度缓慢下降的强还原条件下结晶而成的。康滇地轴具有形成高强度铀矿化的地质背景和成矿条件,在康滇地轴混合岩地区最有前景的铀矿类型应为受韧-脆性构造控制的中高温热液脉型矿化。  相似文献   

Paleotemperatures and paleofluids recorded in fluid inclusions from calcite veins from the northern flank of the Ponta Grossa dyke swarm: Implications for hydrocarbon generation and migration in the Paraná Basin     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The Paraná Basin, southern Brazil, has an atypical thermal and fluid history due to the occurrence of an episodic continental flood volcanism during the Early Cretaceous. So far, there are few data about the influence of this volcanic event on the paleotemperatures and paleofluids of the Paraná Basin sedimentary rocks. The Teresina Formation in the northern flank of the Ponta Grossa dyke swarm hosts high concentration of subsurface igneous rock bodies (sills and dykes), besides its covering by a hundreds meter thick volcanic rock cap. In this study, we used fluid inclusion analysis performed in horizontal and vertical calcite veins from the Teresina Formation and from a Late Cretaceous basic dyke to estimate paleotemperatures and to characterize the composition of diagenetic paleofluids. Homogenization temperatures of requilibrated fluid inclusions show that the Teresina Formation reached temperatures above 200 °C. Horizontal parallel bedding calcite veins from the Teresina Formation record low to high salinity (2–26 wt.% NaCl eq.) aqueous paleofluids. The prevalence of high salinity fluid inclusions associated with light hydrocarbon fluid inclusions indicates deep buried fluids. Fluid inclusions in vertical calcite vein from basic dyke comprise only low salinity aqueous fluids (0–3 wt.% eq.NaCl) interpreted as dominated by meteoric water. The recorded paleotemperatures are attributed to the heating by the Paraná volcanic event during the Early Cretaceous, with the thermal effect of the volcanic rock cap surpassing the effect of nearby sills and dykes. Estimated paleotemperatures higher than 200 °C would allow the generation of light liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Overpressured compartments in the Teresina Formation allowed the expulsion of buried pore fluids (high salinity aqueous fluids and hydrocarbons) to fracture systems, where they mixed with meteoric water. The input of meteoric water through fracture systems connected with the surface favored hydrocarbons degradation in the early stages of source rock maturation during the Early Cretaceous.  相似文献   

青藏公路沥青路面下土体温度的小波分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

文斌  吴青柏  刘永智  张中琼 《冰川冻土》2011,33(4):884-890

青藏公路多年冻土区监测断面所获得的土体温度时间序列,只在时间域中分析会忽略频域中所含的重要信息．为了揭示多年冻土区路基下土体温度随时间变化的频谱特征,运用小波变换法对自然地面下和沥青路面下温度变化的频谱特征和趋势进行分析．结果表明：2m、6m深度处温度变化均存在12月、6月和3月的周期成分及1—2月的短周期成分,其中以...  相似文献   

Andalusite-bearing veins at Vedrette di Ries (eastern Alps, Italy): fluid phase composition based on fluid inclusions     

B. CESARE  L. S. HOLLISTER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(6):687-700

Abstract Andalusite-bearing veins formed during contact metamorphism in the aureole of the Vedrette di Ries tonalite. In the veins, quartz crystals that are completely armoured by andalusite or that occur in strain shadow areas contain three generations of fluid inclusions: low-salinity H₂O-CO₂-CH₄ mixtures with CH₄/(CO₂+ CH₄) ± 0.35 (type A); low-salinity aqueous fluids (type B); H₂O-free, CO₂-CH₄ fluids with the same carbonic speciation as A (type C). Carbonic types A and C typically have a dark appearance, which is attributed to graphite coatings on inclusion walls. Microstructural analysis of the host quartz and calculated densities indicate that type A inclusions were likely trapped during vein formation. These inclusions underwent strain-assisted re-equilibration during cooling that resulted in density increases without change of composition. After the rocks had cooled below about 350 ° C, type C inclusions appear to have formed from one of the immiscible fractions after unmixing of the H₂O-CO₂-CH₄ fluid mixtures. Aqueous type B inclusions, apparently trapped between 225 and 350 ° C, could represent an independent fluid, or could be the H₂O-rich fraction of unmixed type A fluids. Taking account of the uncertainties, the composition and density of the complex type A inclusion fluids are in good agreement with the properties of primary fluids calculated from the petrological data. The fluid inclusion data support the model of vein formation by hydrofracturing as a result of dehydration of graphitic metapelites. These new results also demonstrate the importance of considering strain in the interpretation of metamorphic fluid inclusions.  相似文献   

应用荧光显微技术判别吐哈盆地储层含油水性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张小青  伊海生  危国亮  万永清  黄天雪 《地球科学与环境学报》2005,27(2):56-59

通过在荧光镜下的油水特征实验，分别得出油、油包水、水包油、含油水、水的荧光特征，然后对吐哈盆地单井储层的油层、水层荧光特征反复实验，并与试油结果对比，归纳总结出了油层、水层及油水界面的识别标志。油层特征主要为荧光发光较好且均匀、大面积油包水；水层特征主要为荧光发光不均匀，可动水普遍，并出现水包油现象；油水界面特征主要为荧光从均匀发光过渡到不均匀发光，孔隙由可动油充填过渡到由可动水充填。提出了吐哈盆地储层含油规律性，从而为探井试油、油层划分提供了准确可靠的依据。  相似文献   

青藏高原北部发现印支运动的新证据——来自同构造花岗细晶岩脉的响应     

白国典  何凯  王艳慧  琚根社  杜保峰  王坤 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(1):87-98

在青藏高原北部昆仑山口-甘德断裂与巴颜喀拉山中央断裂之间发育延伸超过100 km的呈雁列排列的花岗细晶岩脉带,这些花岗细晶岩脉走向多为北西向(118°),少量呈南北向(2°)。通过对其宏、微观特征分析研究,并结合在这两组花岗细晶岩脉中分别采获的224.7±0.64 Ma(南北向)与220.5±1.1 Ma(北西向)的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄数据,指出这些花岗细晶岩脉是印支运动的产物,是早印支期可可西里-巴颜喀拉地块向东昆仑地块斜向俯冲过程中,岩浆沿着昆仑山口-甘德北西向冲掩断层下盘(南盘)形成的北西向与南北向两组"X"型共轭剪节理贯入形成的同构造花岗细晶岩脉。两组"X"型共轭剪节理的展布方向揭示了印支运动的主压应力方向,即NNW-SSE向;北西向雁列排列的节理反映其受右行走滑作用控制的特点;花岗细晶岩脉形成的最早时间(224.7±0.64 Ma)代表了这次俯冲走滑事件的时间,也即昆仑山口-甘德断裂的形成时间。  相似文献   

Au–Ag–Te Mineralization of the Low‐Sulfidation Epithermal Aginskoe Deposit,Central Kamchatka,Russia     

Elena D. Andreeva  Hiroharu Matsueda  Victor M. Okrugin  Ryohei Takahashi  Shuji Ono 《Resource Geology》2013,63(4):337-349

Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te₂ values ?9 and at log fS₂ ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system.  相似文献   

含多裂纹沥青路面开裂机制及扩展分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

苗雨  吕加贺  张青军  金祥月  罗辉 《岩土力学》2012,33(5):1513-1518

基于断裂力学基本理论,通过有限元数值模拟方法,研究了同时存在表面裂纹和反射裂纹的沥青路面在交通荷载作用下表面裂纹和反射裂纹开裂机制及扩展路径,深入讨论了路面材料和结构对裂纹扩展路径的影响,分析了表面裂纹的位置对反射裂纹扩展路径的影响,采用多裂纹小梁弯曲试验验证了多裂纹的扩展行为。结果表明：在交通荷载作用下,表面裂纹向着偏离载荷的方向扩展,且扩展路径几乎为直线,反射裂纹则沿着“Z”字形向上扩展;路面结构层模量和厚度的改变能够影响裂纹的扩展路径;反射裂纹总是向着存在表面裂纹的一侧扩展;小梁弯曲试验得到裂纹扩展行为与数值模拟结果一致。  相似文献   

构造驱动大巴山前陆烃类流体排泄:含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉证据   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李荣西  董树文  丁磊  施炜 《沉积学报》2013,31(3):516-526

含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉被认为是超高压下油气流体形成和排泄的标志。大巴山前陆构造带一些断裂和下古生界黑色泥岩和泥灰岩烃源岩微裂隙中分布有含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉,成分分析表明其为低镁方解石。纤维状方解石脉δ13CVPDB和δ18OVPDB比围岩碳酸盐岩的明显变轻,前者δ13CVPDB和δ18OVPDB变化范围分别为-1.9%～-4.8‰和-8.4%～-12.8‰,后者分别为-1.7%～+3.1‰和-8.7%～-4.5‰,且δ13C与δ18O具有明显的线性关系,反映出纤维状方解石脉具有成岩有机流体与浅部流体混合的流体特征。纤维状方解石脉含有共生的固体沥青包裹体、含甲烷液相包裹体和气液二相盐水包裹体等多相态包裹体,其中沥青包裹体为油气运移的残余沥青。气液二相盐水包裹体均一温度主要位于140℃和196℃之间（峰值为179℃）,盐度较高（平均为9.7wt% NaCl）。分别应用盐水包裹体和甲烷包裹体等溶线P-T相图确定出含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉形成的流体压力为150~200 MPa,属于异常超高压流体。地质和地球化学特征分析认为,大巴山含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉不具有泥岩因压实成岩作用而形成的超高压流体特征。结合沉积和构造演化历史分析认为,印支碰撞造山运动和燕山前陆构造作用导致大巴山褶皱隆起并伴随天然气藏破坏和改造,挤压环境下的超高压构造应力驱动天然气流体排泄,大巴山前陆构造带含烃包裹体纤维状方解石脉就是超高压构造应力驱动天然气排泄的产物。  相似文献