The deep electrical structure of the Earth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. G. Roberts 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,85(3):583-600

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Do flexural stresses explain the mantle fault zone beneath Kilauea volcano?     

M. E. Pritchard  A. M. Rubin  C. J. Wolfe 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(1):419-430

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Partial melt in the lowermost mantle near the base of a plume     

Zuihong Zou  Felipe Leyton  Keith D. Koper 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(2):809-817

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The dynamics of western North America: stress magnitudes and the relative role of gravitational potential energy, plate interaction at the boundary and basal tractions     

Lucy M. Flesch  William E. Holt  A. John Haines  Lianxing Wen  Bingming Shen-Tu 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(3):866-896

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Two-dimensional modelling of subduction zone anisotropy with application to southwestern Japan     

Maureen D. Long  Bradford H. Hager  Maarten V. de Hoop  Rob D. van der Hilst 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(2):839-856

We present a series of 2-D numerical models of viscous flow in the mantle wedge induced by a subducting lithospheric plate. We use a kinematically defined slab geometry approximating the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath Eurasia. Through finite element modelling we explore the effects of different rheological and thermal constraints (e.g. a low-viscosity region in the wedge corner, power law versus Newtonian rheology, the inclusion of thermal buoyancy forces and a temperature-dependent viscosity law) on the velocity and finite strain field in the mantle wedge. From the numerical flow models we construct models of anisotropy in the wedge by calculating the evolution of the finite strain ellipse and combining its geometry with appropriate elastic constants for effective transversely isotropic mantle material. We then predict shear wave splitting for stations located above the model domain using expressions derived from anisotropic perturbation theory, and compare the predictions to ∼500 previously published shear wave splitting measurements from seventeen stations of the broad-band F-net array located in southwestern Japan. Although the use of different model parameters can have a substantial effect on the character of the finite strain field, the effect on the average predicted splitting parameters is small. However, the variations with backazimuth and ray parameter of individual splitting intensity measurements at a given station for different models are often different, and rigorous analysis of details in the splitting patterns allows us to discriminate among different rheological models for flow in the mantle wedge. The splitting observed in southwestern Japan agrees well with the predictions of trench-perpendicular flow in the mantle wedge along with B-type olivine fabric dominating in a region from the wedge corner to about 125 km from the trench.  相似文献   

Semi-analytical solution for viscous Stokes flow in two eccentrically nested spheres     

Nicola Tosi  Zden&#;k Martinec 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(3):1015-1030

Applying the infinite Prandtl number approximation, a semi-analytical solution for computing 2-D axisymmetric viscous Stokes flow in a model consisting of two eccentrically nested spheres of different viscosities is derived. Since numerical codes based on spectral or finite techniques for modelling mantle flow in a spherical geometry in the presence of lateral viscosity variation are becoming more and more popular, reliable examples for testing and validating such codes are extremely useful. The eccentrically nested sphere solution was used to test a numerical algorithm based on a mixed spherical-harmonic finite-element formulation of the Stokes problem, and good agreement was obtained.  相似文献   

华北克拉通破坏的物理、化学过程:地幔橄榄岩证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑建平  路凤香  余淳梅  汤华云  张志海  储玲林 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2007,26(4):327-335

本文对比了华北东部不同时代、不同位置捕虏体/地质体橄榄岩的地幔属性,讨论了华北克拉通破坏的物理、化学过程。结果表明,拆沉作用不能很好地解释古老难熔、过渡型和新生饱满地幔并存的事实;单纯的熔体-橄榄岩相互作用也不易解释中、新生代岩石圈巨大减薄和新生饱满地幔Cpx中LREE亏损现象,即具复杂演化历史的克拉通地幔向演化历史简单的"大洋型"岩石圈的转换。华北东部克拉通破坏作用包括地幔伸展、熔-岩作用、侵蚀置换等复杂的物理、化学过程。岩石圈先大幅减薄、后小幅增厚实现了最终的地幔置换和岩石圈整体减薄过程。喷发时代为100 Ma的阜新玄武岩所捕获的橄榄岩主体是饱满的,说明华北东部部分地区在此之前有过地幔置换作用。  相似文献   

条带状铁建造(BIFs)研究的几个问题   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李碧乐  霍亮  李永胜 《矿物学报》2007,27(2):205-210

前寒武纪条带状铁建造(BIFs)中拥有全球最重要的铁矿资源,BIFs中以及包括BIFs在内的含铁岩系还含有丰富的金、铜、锌、钴、铂族等有用元素。本论文主要针对BIFs形成过程中与成矿有关的几个关键问题进行评述和探讨,包括BIFs的成矿系列,地幔柱与BIFs的关系,微生物在BIFs形成中的作用等。认为BIFs内部以及包括BIFs在内的含铁岩系均构成贱、贵金属成矿系列;地幔柱与BIFs之间存在密切的时、空和成因联系;在早前寒武纪缺氧的环境下,厌氧的细菌类生物通过光合作用为BIFs中铁质沉淀提供了氧。希望该研究对包括BIFs的成矿作用在内的前寒武纪地质研究以及拓展找矿思路有所启示。  相似文献   

Signatures of the source for the Emeishan flood basalts in the Ertan area： Pb isotope evidence   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

严再飞  黄智龙  许成  陈觅  张振亮 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(2):207-213

The Emeishan flood basalts can be divided into high-Ti (HT) basalt (Ti/Y>500) and low-Ti (LT) basalt (Ti/Y<500). Sr, Nd isotopic characteristics of the lavas indicate that the LT- and the HT-type magmas originated from distinct mantle sources and parental magmas. The LT-type magma was derived from a shallower lithospheric mantle, whereas the HT-type magma was derived from a deeper mantle source that may be possibly a mantle plume. However, few studies on the Emeishan flood basalts involved their Pb isotopes, especially the Ertan basalts. In this paper, the authors investigated basalt samples from the Ertan area in terms of Pb isotopes, in order to constrain the source of the Emeishan flood basalts. The ratios of 206Pb/204Pb (18.31–18.41), 207Pb/204Pb (15.55–15.56) and 208Pb/204Pb (38.81–38.94) are significantly higher than those of the depleted mantle, just lying between EM I and EM II. This indicates that the Emeishan HT basalts (in the Ertan area) are the result of mixing of EMI end-member and EMII end-member.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Late Mesozoic mafic dykes in western Fujian Province of China： Sr-Nd isotope and trace element constraints     

张贵山  温汉捷  胡瑞忠  裘愉卓 《中国地球化学学报》2007,26(2):143-156

The Bancun diabase dyke and the Bali hornblende gabbro dyke in western Fujian Province were emplaced in the Early and Late Cretaceous periods, respectively; the former is designated to calc-alkaline series and the latter to K-high-calc-alkaline rock series. Both the dykes are characterized by such geochemical characteristics as high Al and Na2O>K2O. As for the Bancun dyke, Al2O3=16.32%–17.54% and K2O/Na2O=0.65–0.77; as for the Bali dyke, Al2O3=16.89%–17.81% and K2O/Na2O=0.93–0.99. Both the Bancun and Bali mafic dykes are relatively enriched in LILE and LREE, but depleted in HSFE, displaying the geochemical characteristics of continental marginal arc, with high initial Sr isotopic ratios and low εNd (t) values. The (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of the Bancun diabase dyke are within the range of 0.708556–0.70903 and their εNd (t) values vary between -6.8 and -6.3; those of the Bali hornblende dyke are within the range of 0.710726–0.710746 and their εNd (t) values are -4.7– -4.9, showing the characteristics of enriched mantle EM II. The isotope and trace element data showed that the mafic dykes have not experienced obvious crustal contamination, and metasomatism caused by subduction fluids is the main factor leading to LILE and LREE enrichments. The enriched mantle is the source region for the mafic dykes, and mixing of subduction fluid metasomatized enriched mantle and EM II-type mantle constituted the mantle source region of both the Bancun and Bali mafic dykes. Upwelling of the asthenosphere mantle provided sufficient heat energy for the generation of magmas. In accordance with the discrimination diagram of their tectonic settings as well as their trace element geochemical characteristics, it is considered that the dykes both at Bancun and Bali possess the characteristics of continental marginal arc, revealing the tectonic environment of formation of the mafic dykes, the continental dynamic background as an intraplate tensional belt in which the mafic dykes were emplaced. Meanwhile, it is also indicated that the tensional tectonic stress mechanism is responsible for the formation of the mafic dykes in western Fujian Province.  相似文献