Influence of macroinvertebrates on physico‐chemical and microbial processes in hyporheic sediments     

Florian Mermillod‐Blondin  Jean‐Paul Gaudet  Magali Grino  Gaston Desrosiers  Michel Creuz des Chtelliers 《水文研究》2003,17(4):779-794

The objective of this study was to measure the effects of invertebrates on the physical characteristics and microbial processes in hyporheic sediments. We investigated the impacts of an assemblage of three taxa (asellids, chironomid larvae, and tubificid worms) on sediment distribution, water fluxes, sediment organic carbon, biofilm (attached bacteria) characteristics, and O₂, dissolved organic carbon NO₃^?, NO₂^?, and NH₄⁺ concentrations in slow filtration sand–gravel columns. The results showed that invertebrates clearly modified the distribution of particles in the sediment column, probably because of the structures (tubes, macropores, and faecal pellets) produced by the three taxa in the sediment. Our assessment of water fluxes indicated that invertebrate activities led to an increase in the porosity of the sediment columns. In addition, aerobic (O₂ consumption) and anaerobic (denitrification and fermentative decomposition of organic matter) microbial processes occurring in the sediment were stimulated in the presence of invertebrates. Finally, the present study demonstrates that invertebrates can act as ecosystem engineers in heterogeneous sediments that are under the influence of an advective flux of water. The solute residence time increased in columns containing the faunal assemblage. Micro‐organisms used more dissolved organic matter and nutrients in the presence of invertebrates because invertebrate activities increased the contact between the biofilm and water. We conclude that engineering by invertebrates in natural conditions modifies characteristics of the hyporheic zone and thereby enhances both the porosity of the sediment and the solute transport across the benthic interface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impact of redox and transport processes in a riparian wetland on stream water quality in the Fichtelgebirge region,southern Germany     

G. Lischeid  A. Kolb  C. Alewell  S. Paul 《水文研究》2007,21(1):123-132

Biologically mediated redox processes in the riparian zone, like denitrification, can have substantially beneficial impacts on stream water quality. The extent of these effects, however, depends greatly on the hydrological boundary conditions. The impact of hydrological processes on a wetland's nitrogen sink capacity was investigated in a forested riparian fen which is drained by a first‐order perennial stream. Here, we analysed the frequency distributions and time‐series of pH and nitrogen, silica, organic carbon and oxygen concentrations in throughfall, soil solution, groundwater and stream water, and the groundwater levels and stream discharges from a 3‐year period. During baseflow conditions, the stream was fed by discharging shallow, anoxic groundwater and by deep, oxic groundwater. Whereas the latter delivered considerable amounts of nitrogen (～0·37 mg l^?1) to the stream, the former was almost entirely depleted of nitrogen. During stormflow, near‐surface runoff in the upper 30 cm soil layer bypassed the denitrifying zone and added significant amounts to the nitrogen load of the stream. Nitrate‐nitrogen was close to 100% of deep groundwater and stream‐water nitrogen concentration. Stream‐water baseflow concentrations of nitrate, dissolved carbon and silica were about 1·6 mg l^?1, 4 mg l^?1 and 7·5 mg l^?1 respectively, and >3 mg l^?1, >10 mg l^?1 and <4 mg l^?1 respectively during discharge peaks. In addition to that macroscale bypassing effect, there was evidence for a corresponding microscale effect: Shallow groundwater sampled by soil suction cups indicated complete denitrification and lacked any seasonal signal of solute concentration, which was in contrast to piezometer samples from the same depth. Moreover, mean solute concentration in the piezometer samples resembled more that of suction‐cup samples from shallower depth than that of the same depth. We conclude that the soil solution cups sampled to a large extent the immobile soil‐water fraction. In contrast, the mobile fraction that was sampled by the piezometers exhibited substantially shorter residence time, thus being less exposed to denitrification, but predominating discharge of that layer to the stream. Consequently, assessing the nitrogen budget based on suction‐cup data tended to overestimate the nitrogen consumption in the riparian wetland. These effects are likely to become more important with the increased frequency and intensity of rainstorms that are expected due to climate change. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri的生长特性及其反硝化活性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周国勤  陈兵  吴伟 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(1):46-50

为有效控制养殖水体中的氮素污染,研究了一株假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)的生长特性和反硝化活性.结果表明,假单胞菌不能利用无机碳源进行生长,其在有机碳源存在的前提下可以利用无机氮源(如氯化铵和硝酸钾)进行生长和繁殖,并且与氮源的浓度呈正相关.假单胞菌的最适生长pH为7.0～8.0,最适生长温度为30～35 ℃,生长条件与一般的细菌相似.假单胞菌可对水体中的硝态氮通过反硝化来实现生物脱氮,这种反硝化的活性与水体中溶氧的含量呈负相关.研究显示,运用假单胞菌的生长特性和反硝化活性实现养殖水体生物脱氮是控制养殖水体氮素污染的一条良好途径.  相似文献   

海洋石油降解菌群的固定化及石油降解特性     

高祥兴  高伟  崔志松  李馨子  李倩  韩彬  周涛  郑立 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(4):732-740

为克服岸滩溢油生物修复过程中海浪冲刷等不利环境对石油降解菌(群)岸滩定植的影响,本文利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠作为载体对石油降解菌群DC10进行固定化,通过研究细菌固定化微球的机械性能、传质性能及石油降解特性等参数,确定石油降解菌群的最优固定化条件。实验结果表明:6%PVA,2%海藻酸钠及0.5%活性炭制备的凝胶可以通过蠕动泵方便快捷制备细菌固定化微球,其粘度小、易成型、机械强度高。海洋石油降解分析表明,与游离菌体(FB)相比,固定化菌群12d石油降解率提高了近7%;GC-MS分析显示,石油烷烃和芳烃降解效果显著。实验证明,石油降解菌群DC10经过固定化处理,其石油降解活性提高,连续降解能力增强,该研究为溢油岸滩的生物修复提供新的技术方法。  相似文献   

海洋低氧环境底栖有孔虫研究进展     

徐昭萌  刘素美 《地学前缘》2022,29(5):59-72

全球变暖和人为活动不断加剧海洋低氧环境发生的频率和范围,低氧对全球海洋底栖生物群落结构造成重大影响。底栖有孔虫能够广泛适应生存在各种海洋低氧环境中,是极少数能适应低氧环境的真核生物之一,底栖有孔虫对低氧环境的响应及适应机制研究是海洋研究领域的前沿和热点话题,至今仍存在很多谜团。本文总结了不同海洋低氧环境活体底栖有孔虫分布特征、活体底栖有孔虫对人为诱导低氧环境的响应、低氧环境下底栖有孔虫外壳化学组成特征、低氧环境下底栖有孔虫的生存机理,期望为后续推进海洋低氧环境下底栖有孔虫相关研究进一步开展提供参考和借鉴。底栖有孔虫作为古海洋环境重建的重要工具,对我们了解全球海洋低氧环境的历史演化进程具有非常重要的意义。展望未来我们需要进一步加强有孔虫细胞生理学和分子生物学对低氧环境的适应机制研究,从系统发生学上认识真核生物对低氧环境适应的历史演化进程,为利用有孔虫作为工具更好地重建和预测海洋低氧环境变化提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Rapid nutrient load reduction during infiltration of managed aquifer recharge in an agricultural groundwater basin: Pajaro Valley,California     

C. M. Schmidt  A. T. Fisher  A. Racz  C. G. Wheat  M. Los Huertos  B. Lockwood 《水文研究》2012,26(15):2235-2247

Artificial recharge of groundwater is an increasingly important method for augmenting groundwater supply and can have a positive or negative influence on the quality of water resources. We instrumented a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) pond in central coastal California to assess how patterns of infiltration and recharge affect the load of nitrate delivered to the underlying aquifer. The concentration of nitrate in infiltrating water consistently decreased during passage through the first metre of subsurface soils. Enrichment of ¹⁸O and ¹⁵ N in the residual nitrate in infiltrating water proceeded in a ratio of 1:2, indicating that denitrification plays a significant role in the quantitative reduction of nutrients exported during infiltration through shallow soils. The extent and rate of nitrate removal was spatially and temporally variable across the bottom of the recharge pond, with 30% to 60% of the nitrate load being removed over the first 6 weeks of managed aquifer recharge operation. During the period of highest N loading to the system, when the average infiltration rate was > 1 m/day, the recharge pond achieved a load reduction efficiency of 7 kg NO₃^?‐N/day/ha, which compares favourably to nitrate load reductions achieved by treatment wetlands. Groundwater mounding and water composition below the recharge pond suggest that recharge and subsequent lateral transport occur heterogeneously in the underlying aquifer. Nitrate concentrations in the aquifer following infiltration were lowered primarily by dilution, with little evidence for additional denitrification occurring in the aquifer in comparison to high rates documented during shallow infiltration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic diversity of bacterial biofilms covering the settlement substrates of nona-porous abalones(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)     

MAYing  WANGZhiyong  CHENZhengqiang  LUYu  WANGLin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(5):94-102

The settlement substrates of nona-porous abalones (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) are covered with biofilms in which several types of microorganisms coexist and interact. These microorganisms are usually important causes of juvenile abalone disease as well as organisms useful in promoting abalones’ adhesion. The bacterial community structure of the biofilms remains unclear. The aim of this research was to determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic affiliation of the biofilm bacteria. Total DNA of b...  相似文献   

Understanding spatial and temporal dynamics of key environmental characteristics in a mesotidal Atlantic estuary (Douro,NW Portugal)     

Isabel C. Azevedo  Pedro M. Duarte  Adriano A. Bordalo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Ecosystem management and decision making process are dependent of a good knowledge of ecosystem functioning. Conceptual models allow knowledge organization through representation of relationships between variables and processes, facilitating management decisions. In this study, spatial and temporal characterization of key environmental variables, as well as relationships between them, was studied aiming the design of a conceptual model of the Douro estuary. This temperate mesotidal estuary is limited upstream by a hydroelectric power dam that controls freshwater inflow and prevents the propagation of the tide upstream, which, in turn, influences water circulation and biogeochemical dynamics of the system. During one year, from December 2002 to December 2003, water column data were collected monthly at 10 stations along the estuary, during ebb and flood tides. Spatial and temporal variability of water column salinity, temperature, nutrients, phytoplankton biomass, total particulate matter (TPM), phytoplankton primary production (PP), faecal coliform bacteria (FC) and community respiration (CR) were analysed. Salinity stratification was assessed by means of the Estuary Number (Ne) and variation of this index as well as other key characteristics with river flow was analysed. Freshwater discharge controlled salinity stratification and freshwater residence time. Ne indicated that the Douro was stratified for river flows <300 m³ s⁻¹, and freshwater residence time was >1 day for the same conditions. A decaying exponential relationship between PP and river flow was found, whereas nitrate and TPM increased logarithmically and linearly, respectively, with river flow. Regarding spatial distribution, nitrate and PP decreased downstream, showing that the river was a source of nutrients and phytoplankton, while the opposite trend was found for TPM, FC, ammonium and CR. The latter increase was probably due to untreated sewage discharge in the urbanized middle and lower estuarine stretches. Reduction of nitrate coming from the watershed and of bacterial contamination in the urban stretches of this highly modified water body, according to the European Water Framework Directive, emerges as the main water quality issues for this estuarine ecosystem.  相似文献   

Microbial diversity in polluted harbor sediments I: Bacterial community assessment based on four clone libraries of 16S rDNA     

Wen Zhang  Jang-Seu KiPei-Yuan Qian 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Bacteria, as the most abundant sediment organism, play a major role in the fate of pollutants. Therefore, many pollutant-related bacteria have been studied in harbor sediments, yet the entire bacterial profiles have not been reported. The bacterial diversity and community structures from sediments in Victoria Harbor (Hong Kong), including two polluted (VH and VHW) and two adjacent (open oceanic, TLC; estuary discharge affected, PC) sites, were characterized by analyses of four 16S rDNA clone libraries. Upon comparisons of RFLP patterns from 254 clones in the libraries, 178 unique phylotypes were retrieved. LIBSHUFF and Rarefaction analyses indicated that the sediment bacterial communities at the four sites showed high 16S rDNA richness and were significantly different from each other. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 16S rDNA revealed 19 bacterial phyla in Victoria Harbor sediments. γ- and δ-proteobacteria, holophaga/acidobacteria, and planctomycetales were recorded in all the libraries. In addition, γ- and δ-proteobacteria were dominant at all sites (33.33–11.67%). Besides these two phyla, ε-proteobacteria, firmicutes, aminobacterium, holophaga/acidobacteria and bacteroidetes were judged to be major components of a given library since they constituted 10% or more of the total OTUs of the given library. The cyanobacteria, verrucomicrobia, β-proteobacteria, aminobacterium, chlorofiexi, and candidate division OP1, OP8 were detected in minor proportions in various libraries. A portion of the clones were only distantly related to sequences in the GenBank, suggesting bacteria in Victoria Harbor sediments were unique and diversified.  相似文献   

Bacterial production,glucosidase activity and particle-associated carbohydrates in Dona Paula bay,west coast of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.V. Bhaskar  N.B. Bhosle 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Size-fractionated bacterial production, abundance and α- and β- glucosidase enzyme activities were studied with respect to changes in hydrography, total suspended matter (TSM), chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen ratio (POC:PON), 1.5 M NaCl-soluble and 10 mM EDTA-soluble carbohydrates (Sal-PCHO and CPCHO) and transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) in the surface waters from July 1999–2000 at a shallow coastal station in Dona Paula Bay, west coast of India. The bulk of the total bacterial production and glucosidase activity were associated with particles (75% and >80%, respectively). Total bacterial production was linearly correlated to chlorophyll a (r = 0.513; p < 0.05) whereas enzyme activity was significantly correlated to TSM (α-glucosidase: r = 0.721 (p < 0.001); β-glucosidase: r = 0.596 (p < 0.01)). Both α-glucosidase (r = 0.514; p < 0.05) and β-glucosidase enzymes (r = 0.598; p < 0.01) appeared to be involved in the degradation of CPCHO and Sal-PCHO, respectively. Changes in α-glucosidase/β-glucosidase ratios highlighted the varying composition of particulate organic matter. The bacterial uptake of ¹⁴C-labeled bacterial extracellular carbohydrate measured over 11 days showed a strong linear correlation between ¹⁴C-uptake and bacterial production using tritiated thymidine. The turnover rate of ¹⁴C-labeled carbohydrate-C was 0.52 d⁻¹, higher than the estimated annual mean potential carbohydrate carbon turnover rate of 0.33 ± 0.2 d⁻¹. Our study suggests that carbohydrates derived from sediments may serve as an important alternative carbon source sustaining the bacterial carbon demand in the surface waters of Dona Paula Bay.  相似文献