Low-carbon transition risks for India’s financial system     

《Global Environmental Change》2023

As the low-carbon transition accelerates, loans to and investments in carbon-intensive assets, firms and sectors are at risk of not generating the anticipated returns, with implications for individual financial institutions as well as financial markets more broadly. However, research on this topic has largely been focused on high- and upper-middle income economies to date. In this paper, we explore the salience of this issue in India – one of the world’s largest emitters and economies – by asking: (1) how extensive is financial-sector exposure to transition risks? And: (2) are finance professionals and financial institutions taking sufficient action to manage those transition risks? Our findings reveal that India’s financial sector is much more heavily exposed to low-carbon transition risks than standard borrowing classifications might suggest. For example, our granular assessment of individual loans and bonds finds that three-fifths of lending to the ‘mining’ sector is for oil and gas extraction, while one-fifth of ‘manufacturing’ debt is for petroleum refining and related industries. We also find that electricity production – by far the largest source of emissions – accounts for 5.2% of outstanding credit, but that only 17.5% of this lending is to pureplay renewables. Yet our survey of India’s largest financial institutions suggests that there have been limited efforts to identify, measure or manage low-carbon transition risks. Fewer than half of the 154 finance professionals surveyed were familiar with environmental issues including climate change mitigation and adaption, greenhouse gas emissions or transition risks. Only four of the ten major financial institutions surveyed collect information on ESG risks, and these firms do not systematically incorporate that data into business continuity planning, internal capital adequacy assessment processes, credit risk assessments, enterprise risk management frameworks or loan product pricing. Given extensive financial-sector exposure to low-carbon transition risks coupled with the absence of bottom-up action to manage those risks, our findings suggest that financiers, regulators and policymakers in emerging and developing economies should be acting swiftly to ensure an orderly transition to net-zero.  相似文献   

黑龙江省的界河坍塌地质灾害及其防治对策     

尹喜霖  单广杰  杨向东  祁敏  华丽颖 《工程地质学报》2003,11(3):230-238

界河坍塌是黑龙江省特殊的、主要的地质灾害,也是当前亟待解决的问题。本文总结了黑龙江省的两条主要界河黑龙江和乌苏里江的塌岸状况;说明了界河坍塌的分布规律;论证了界河坍塌的形态类型;探讨了界河坍塌的形成机制;分析了界河坍塌的原因;最后提出了防止界河坍塌的一系列对策。  相似文献   

西安市银行网点空间集聚性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

秦泗刚  段汉明 《测绘科学》2015,40(7):68-72

针对目前银行空间分布研究多涉及宏观区域尺度,中微观尺度研究明显不足,尤其缺乏从空间认知的角度对城市层面银行网点集聚性和集聚模式的研究的现状,该文以西安市1113个银行网点为研究对象,运用最近邻距离指数、Ripley's K函数、热点探测技术以及标准差椭圆等方法对西安市银行网点空间分布与集聚模式进行了研究。结果显示:西安市银行网点空间分布呈现出集聚分布的特点,随着距离增加,集聚性先增加后减弱;中小尺度层面,形成了多层次的银行集聚区;银行网点空间分布方向性强,大致以钟楼为中心沿东北—西南方向分布。  相似文献   

Large‐scale sediment bodies and superimposed bedforms on the continental shelf close to the Strait of Gibraltar: interplay of complex oceanographic conditions and physiographic constraints     

F. J. Lobo  A. Maldonado  R. Noormets 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(6):663-679

A previously unknown field of large‐scale sedimentary bodies has been mapped and studied on the continental shelf off the Cape Trafalgar near the Strait of Gibraltar with particular emphasis on the relationship between large‐scale sediment bodies and the superimposed bedforms. This study is based on a grid of 975 km of high‐resolution seismic profiles collected at water depths ranging between 15 and 60 m. High variability of large‐scale sedimentary bodies is attributed to the complex interaction of hydrodynamic agents. The most prominent sedimentary features are sand banks and ridges that indicate long‐term southwest and southward‐directed sediment transport patterns, possibly due to the interplay of two dominant current systems flowing southward and westward. These sediment bodies evolve laterally to distinct external geometries, such as sand shoals in shallow water and sand sheets in the vicinity of larger sand banks that indicate moderate current velocities. In addition, pre‐existing physiography is considered to play a role in the generation of certain sediment bodies, developed over inclined surfaces or confined laterally by elevations. Relationships between superimposed bedforms (mostly very large dunes) and underlying sediment bodies vary across the study area. Most superimposed bedforms occur over the complex mosaic of sediment banks and sheets, suggesting the interaction of several high‐energy currents with different directions, such as tidal and/or wind‐driven currents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Exceptional rates and mechanisms of muddy shoreline retreat following mangrove removal     

Guillaume Brunier  Edward J. Anthony  Nicolas Gratiot  Antoine Gardel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(8):1559-1571

Probably the largest regular shoreline fluctuations on Earth occur along the 1500 km-long wave-exposed Guianas coast of South America between the mouths of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, the world's longest muddy coast. The Guianas coast is influenced by a succession of mud banks migrating northwestward from the Amazon. Migrating mud banks dissipate waves, partially weld onshore, and lead to coastal progradation, aided by large-scale colonization by mangroves, whereas mangrove-colonized areas between banks (inter-bank areas) are exposed to strong wave action and undergo erosion. On large tracts of this coast, urbanization and farming have led to fragmentation and removal of mangroves, resulting in aggravated shoreline retreat. To highlight this situation, we determined, in a setting where mangroves and backshore freshwater marshes have been converted into rice polders in French Guiana, shoreline change over 38 years (1976-2014) from satellite images and aerial orthophotographs. We also conducted four field experiments between October 2013 and October 2014, comprising topographic and hydrodynamic measurements, to determine mechanisms of retreat. The polder showed persistent retreat, at peak rates of up to -200 m/yr, and no recovery over the 38-year period of monitored change. Notwithstanding high erosion rates, mangrove shorelines show strong resilience, with recovery characterized by massive accretion. Retreat of the polder results in a steep wave-reworked shoreface with a lowered capacity for bank welding onshore and mangrove establishment. Persistent polder erosion is accompanied by the formation of a sandy chenier that retreats landwards at rates largely exceeding those in inter-bank situations. These results show that anthropogenic mangrove removal can durably modify the morphodynamics of muddy shorefaces. This limits the capacity for shoreline recovery and mangrove re-establishment even when there is no sustained long-term deficit in mud supply, as in the case of the Amazon-influenced Guianas coast. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

利率市场化改革对海洋航运业发展的影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

戴炜  王颖 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(11):42-47

利率市场化改革是我国正在进行的改革之一。中国的商业银行可以借此提高自身的竞争力,以此来应对新经济常态下可能的各种挑战。发展海洋经济是我国最新的国家战略,也是中国新的经济增长点。推动海洋经济向高层次发展,优化海洋经济结构,离不开来自金融层面的支持。而利率市场化改革将促进银行业之间的相互竞争,使商业银行的资金进入相对高风险、高收益的海洋经济中。文章以海洋经济中的大头——海洋航运为例,分析了利率市场化改革对海洋航运业发展的影响,阐述了利率市场化对推动海洋航运发展的重要意义,在此基础上从金融支持的角度对发展海洋航运业提出了加大金融政策倾斜力度,加强金融机构人才队伍建设和金融机构业务能力建设,加强资本市场建设、拓宽融资渠道、促进投资多元化和利用科技手段加强信息收集与共享等政策建议。  相似文献   

中国商业银行贷款地理分布对银行利润效率的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

戴志敏  朱莉妍 《地理学报》2015,70(6)

商业银行的区域发展研究一直是金融地理研究中关注的重点。目前,对于商业银行贷款投放地理分散化程度能否为银行绩效带来正面的影响仍存在着一定的争议。本文在利用2007-2013年中国13家上市商业银行向各省投放的贷款数据,分析了大型商业银行和中小型商业银行的贷款投放地理分布特征及不良贷款的地理变化趋势的基础上,利用随机前沿分析方法(SFA)及Battese和Collie的基础模型构建超越对数利润函数模型,对商业银行贷款地理投放分散程度对银行利润效率的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:1商业银行提高贷款的地理投放程度有助于提升商业银行经营过程中的盈利和利润效率。2大型商业银行由于受国家政策干预影响较大,贷款投放区域覆盖面更广,尤其是对中西部地区的贷款投放比例明显高于中小型商业银行,其平均利润效率一直高于中小型商业银行。但近年来,随着中小型商业银行贷款地理分散程度逐步提高,两者利润效率的差距逐渐缩小。3目前,中国部分中小型商业银行贷款业务依然以关系型为主,提高贷款的地理投放分散程度会降低其利润效率,应谨慎面对多元化经营问题,不可盲目随从。  相似文献   

卫星多光谱生物礁沉积相编图技术及其在大巴哈马滩的应用     

宋红瑛  许红  孙志鹏  刘金庆  钟泽红  韩宗珠 《海洋地质前沿》2011,(9):65-69

现代沉积过程与古代环境相类似,因而地质学家将现代碳酸盐岩台地作为获得沉积物分布特征空间数据的天然实验室,通过卫星多光谱资料精确描绘和模拟现代碳酸盐岩沉积相的横向分布有助于地质学家更好地表达和理解大范围岛礁区的碳酸盐岩沉积相特征.随着遥感技术的不断发展,利用成像光谱理论进行对地观测的技术也日渐成熟.本文介绍了利用卫星多光...  相似文献   

Seed reserves in the central Monte Desert, Argentina: implications for granivory     

Luis Marone  Manuel E Horno 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,36(4):661-670

It has been suggested that lower rates of granivory in South American warm deserts compared to their North American counterparts arose from a reduction of seed reserves in the former owing to the extinction of argyrolagid marsupials. We measured seed reserves in two habitats of the central Monte Desert in an attempt to detect such seed decline, but to no avail. After moderate rainfall, maximum seed standing crops reached 16,000 and 23,000 seeds m⁻²in shrublands and open forests, respectively. Under the canopy of trees and shrubs there were 19,000 and 37,000 seeds m⁻²; whereas in exposed areas there werec. 10,000 seeds m⁻²in both habitats. Seed banks in other South American semi-arid areas showed similar values. Total grass seeds as well as those presumably preferred by ants also seem to be similar in both continents. Hence, granivory in South America, as has been already reported for Australia, is lower than in North America in spite of the great similarity of seed bank sizes. Moreover, argyrolagids were unlikely seed-hoarding granivores, therefore some other reason than argyrolagid extinction should be sought to explain the lack of specialized seed-eating mammals, and the smaller overall seed consumption rates in South American deserts.  相似文献   

Short‐term changes in the plan shape of a sandy beach in response to sheltering by a nearshore mud bank,Cayenne, French Guiana     

Edward J. Anthony  Antoine Gardel  Franck Dolique  Daniel Guiral 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(8):857-866

Montjoly is a headland‐bound embayed sandy beach in Cayenne, French Guiana, that shows long‐term plan shape equilibrium in spite of periodic changes in accretion and erosion that alternately affect either end of the beach. These changes are caused by mud banks that move alongshore from the Amazon. The mechanisms involved in changes in the plan shape of the beach in response to the passage of one of these mud banks were monitored between 1997 and 2000 from airborne video imagery and field work. The beach longshore drift to the northwest, driven by the incident easterly to northeasterly swell usually affecting this coast, became temporarily reversed as the mud bank, migrating from east to west, initially sheltered the southeastern end of the beach. The difference in exposure to waves engendered a negative wave height gradient alongshore towards the southeast, resulting in the setting up of a cell circulation and counter‐active longshore drift from the exposed northwestern sector to the southeast. Sand eroded from the exposed sector accumulated first in the southeastern, and then the central sectors of the beach. The effect of increasing beach sheltering by the mudbank moving west is highlighted on the videographs by an ‘arrested’ pattern of beach shoreline development. The videographs show hardly any changes in beach plan shape since January 1999, due to sheltering of the beach from wave attack by the mud bank. It is expected that the eroded sector will recover in the future as the mud bank passes, leading to re‐establishment of the northwesterly sand drift. This temporally phased bi‐directional drift within the confines of the bounding headlands results in a rare example of mud‐bank‐induced beach rotation, and probably explains the long‐term equilibrium plan shape of Montjoly beach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献