白坪井田太原组上段底部砂岩沉积环境分析及其意义     

刘庆献 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(1):1-2,36

白坪井田太原组上段主要由三层灰岩（L7、L8、L9）、泥岩和薄煤层组成,L7灰岩位于该段底部,是一7煤层顶板。根据井田西部钻孔资料,相当于L7灰岩层位,往往相变为砂岩。该砂岩以中、粗粒砂岩为主,向上渐变为细砂岩,正粒序特征明显,具板状交错层理和波状层理,底部多为粗砂岩,见冲刷面,其厚度与L7灰岩厚度相当,剖面上砂体呈连续的透镜状,与两侧的L7灰岩呈突变接触关系,砂岩体平面上呈条带状分布,与地层走向垂直,综合分析认为该砂体属潮道沉积相,是在潮坪上潮汐通道部位形成的砂质沉积属潮道沉积相。对该砂体分布的圈定,意味着一7煤在此范围的缺失,这一结论有助于解决太原组煤岩层的对比问题。  相似文献   

Kinematic significance of fold- and fault-related fracture systems in the Zagros mountains, southern Iran     

Katayoun Mobasher  Hassan A. Babaie   《Tectonophysics》2008,451(1-4):156-169

Initiation and formation of folds and the Kazerun high-angle fault zone, in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt, were related to the continuing SW–NE oriented contraction that probably initiated in the Late Cretaceous, and intensified, starting in Miocene, when the Arabian and Eurasian plates collided. The contraction that led to folding and thrusting of the Phanerozoic sequence in the belt has led to the strike–slip reactivation of basement faults that formed during the Precambrian. Two major systems of fractures have developed, under the same regional state of contraction, during the folding and strike–slip faulting processes. Folding led to the formation of a system of fold-related fractures that comprises four sets of fractures, which include an axial and a cross-axial set that trend parallel and perpendicular to the confining fold axial trace, respectively, and two oblique sets that trend at moderate angles to the axial trace. Slip along high-angle, strike–slip faults formed a system of fractures in the damage zone of the faults (e.g., Kazerun), and deformed folds that existed in the shear zone by rotating their axial plane. This fault-related fracture system is made of five sets of fractures, which include the two sets of Riedel shear fractures (R and R′), P- and Y-shear fractures, and an extensional set.

Remote sensing analysis of both fracture systems, in a GIS environment, reveals a related kinematic history for folding outside of the Kazerun shear zone and faulting and deformation (fracturing and rotation of folds) within the Kazerun fault zone. Rotation of the folds and formation of the five sets of the fault-related fractures in the Kazerun shear zone are consistent with a dextral motion along the fault. The mean trends of the shortening directions, independently calculated for the fold- and fault-related fracture systems, are remarkably close (N53 ± 4°E and N50 ± 5°E, respectively), and are perpendicular to the general NW–SE trend of the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt. Although segments of the Kazerun fault are variably oriented within a narrow range, the angular relationships between sets of fault-related fractures and these segments remain constant.  相似文献   

Numerical Procedure for Dynamic Simulation of Discrete Fractures Due to Blasting   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

M. R. Saharan  H. S. Mitri 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(5):641-670

Summary  This paper describes development of a generic nonlinear, dynamic modelling technique to simulate discrete rock fractures due to blasting using the finite element method. The element elimination technique together with a brittle, Rankine failure-type material model are used as a means to simulate the initiation and growth of fractures in the rock under the effect of blast-induced dynamic pressure pulse. Dynamic loads representing ideal and non-ideal detonations are simulated and a new method, termed as optimised pressure profile, is proposed to approximate the pressure-time profile of the blast load to model the dynamic load. Comparison of numerical model results with previously reported observations from the literature reveals the ability of the model as a predictive tool and supports the validity of the developed modelling procedure. Author’s address: Hani S. Mitri, Department of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Canada H3A 2A7  相似文献   

Application of Stochastic Fracture Network with Numerical Fluid Flow Simulations to Groundwater Flow Modeling in Fractured Rocks     

Wang Mingyu The University of Arizona  Tucson  Arizona  USA  Department of Water Resources  Environmental Engineering  China University of Geosciences  Beijing Chen Jinsong Wan Li Department of Water Resources  Environmental Engineering 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(3)

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面部和颅底骨折的CT分析     

许家亮  李恒国 《CT理论与应用研究》1997,6(2):15-17

为了提高对面部和颅底骨折的认为。本组７４例，男性６３例，女性１１例，年龄２－７１岁，车祸外伤６４例，拳击伤５例，铁棍击伤２例，从高处跌下３例，全部病例均采用轴位ＣＴ平扫。眶内壁骨折２０例，其中爆裂骨的１１例，直接骨折８例，１列同时受直接和间接外力作用；眶下壁骨折１例，为爆裂骨折；眶外后壁骨折１例，眶顶壁骨折９例，均为直接骨折；其他骨折３３例；蝶窦内液平为颅底骨折的重要间接征象。ＣＴ检查可确定骨折类  相似文献   

塔里木盆地玉北构造带断层特征及其裂缝分析          下载免费PDF全文

鲁人齐  刘波  何登发  张学丰  黄臣军  刘格云 《地质科学》2016,(2):460-469

塔里木盆地玉北构造带形成于加里东中晚期, 主要断裂以挤压逆冲为主, 早期形成断层传播褶皱样式, 断层总体终止于石炭系/奥陶系不整合面之下.该地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层易发育断层伴生裂缝和褶皱调节性裂缝, 主要分布在膝褶带和断层传播褶皱区.海西晚期玉北地区断裂重新活动, 仍以挤压为主形成三角剪切样式, 但断层位移量并不大, 该时期玉北构造带基本定型, 储层裂缝易发育在三角剪切变形区.喜马拉雅期玉北地区存在微弱构造变形, 玉北构造带主要受到构造的叠加改造.新生代青藏高原向东的扩张产生北东-南西向的构造应力场, 使得北东-南西向的玉北断裂带具有开启性, 对玉北地区油气调整和聚集会有一定的影响.  相似文献   

Simulation of three-dimensional tectonic stress fields and quantitative prediction of tectonic fracture within the Damintun Depression,Liaohe Basin,northeast China     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2016

Tectonic fractures are important factors that influence oil and natural gas migration and accumulation within “buried hill” reservoirs. To obtain a quantitative forecast of the development and distribution of reservoir fractures in the Damintun Depression, we analyzed the characteristics of regional structural evolution and paleotectonic stress field setting. A reasonable geological model of the research area was built based on an interpretation of the geological structure, a test for rock mechanics, and experiment on acoustic emission. Thereafter, a three-dimensional paleotectonic stress field during the Yanshan movement was simulated by the finite element method. Rock failure criterion and comprehensive evaluation coefficient of fractures were used to determine the quantitative development of fractures and predict zones that are prone to fracture development. Under an intense Yanshan movement, high stress strength is distributed in the south and northeast parts of the study area, where stress is extremely high. The fracture development zones are mainly controlled by the tectonic stress field and typically located in the same areas as those of high maximum principal and shear stresses. The predicted areas with developed fractures are consistent with the wells with high fracture linear density and in locations with high-producing oil and gas wells.  相似文献   

漳州地区地下热水的水文地质特征及映震效应     

张远城 《台湾海峡》1993,12(3):272-279

对漳州地区温泉的水文地质特征的研究表明,本区地下热水热流值高,呈NE 向狭长条带状展布,含较多的可溶性SiO_2、F~-和Rn。温泉出露与NW、NE 和E-W向断裂关系密切,且大部分来自燕山早期的花岗岩和花岗闪长岩体。根据温泉分布与构造的关系及水化学特征,将本区温泉出露分为四个区。对地震前后温泉的水化学组成和水位变化的若干实例的分析表明,温泉的水文地质特征具有较好的映震效应。因此,加强地下水观测,对本区的地震监测和预报具有重要的实践意义。  相似文献   

The performance of the reformulated Gash's interception loss model in Mexico's northeastern temperate forests     

José Návar 《水文研究》2013,27(11):1626-1633

The quantitative importance of rainfall interception loss and the performance of the reformulated Gash model were evaluated as a function of basal area in Mexico's northeastern temperate forest communities. A sensitivity analysis as well as an iterative search of parameters matched interception loss measurements and assessments and isolated coefficient values that drive the model performance. Set hypothesis was tested with a total of 73 rainfalls recorded on four forest stands with different canopy cover for model fitting (39) and validation (34). The reformulated Gash model predicted well rainfall interception loss because mean deviations between recorded and modelled interception loss as a function of gross rainfall, MD, were <2.6% and 5.3% for fitting and validating parameter data sets, respectively. Basal area was negatively related to the model performance, but maximum projected MD range values can be found in most interception loss studies, for example, <7% when basal area is <5 m² ha^?1. The wet canopy evaporation rate and the canopy storage coefficient drive interception loss and the iterative parameter search showed that high wet canopy evaporation rates were expected in these forests. These parameters must be further studied to physically explain drivers of high wet canopy evaporation rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

渤海中部馆陶组层序地层特征及底部界限研究     

张若祥  李建平  刘志刚  刘士磊  卢辉楠 《海洋地质译丛》2010,(3):19-25

通过以岩电性、古生物、地震层序为基础的层序地层学研究,结合区域研究资料,在馆陶组识别出低位、水进和高位三种体系域;利用基准面旋回技术识别出短期基准面旋回（SSC）、中期基准面旋回（MSC）和长期基准面旋回（LSC）;馆陶组划分为2个长期基准面旋回,4个中期基准面旋回MSC1～MSC4,建立了渤海中部馆陶组及东上段高分辨率等时地层对比格架。D5-1井2 782～2 917 m井段确定为东一段地层,其顶界即为馆陶组的底界。通过对馆陶组底部界限的确定和区域馆陶组及东上段高分辨率层序地层等时对比格架的建立,对该区馆陶组底部界限进行了重新厘定,以解决油气勘探中遇到的问题。  相似文献