十八烷基三甲基铵改性蒙脱石的结构和凝胶性能关系研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

邱俊  吕宪俊 《矿物岩石》2007,27(4):17-21

利用小角X射线衍射技术研究在不同的十八烷基三甲基铵盐用量下制备的有机蒙脱石的结构特征,将具有不同晶体结构特征的有机蒙脱石分别分散在二甲苯、乙醇混合相和0#柴油中,测定在相应溶剂体系中的凝胶性能,研究发现当十八烷基三甲基铵盐的用量小于0.9 CEC时,十八烷基三甲基铵盐阳离子在蒙脱石层间呈单层平卧排列,由于在有机溶剂中蒙脱石得不到充分的剥离而导致有机蒙脱石的凝胶性能较差,表现为有机凝胶的粘度和胶体率都较低;当十八烷基三甲基铵盐的用量在0.9 CEC~1.8 CEC时,十八烷基铵阳离子在蒙脱石层间呈单层倾斜排列,在有机相中蒙脱石不仅能得到充分的剥离,而且能形成稳定的"卡房式结构",使有机凝胶的黏度和胶体率分别最高达到23 000mPa.s和100%;而当十八烷基铵盐的用量大于1.8 CEC时,十八烷基铵有机物在蒙脱石层间呈胶束排列,尽管在有机相中能得到充分的剥离,但由于过量的有机阳离子中和了蒙脱石层面的负电荷,在体系中不能形成稳定的"卡房式结构",使有机蒙脱石的凝胶粘度较低,而胶体率较高。  相似文献   

2-D Crustal thermal structure along Thuadara-Sindad DSS profile across Narmada-Son lineament,central India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. N. Rai  S. Thiagarajan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(4):347-355

Central India is traversed by a WSW-ENE trending Narmada-Son lineament (NSL) which is characterized by the presence of numerous hot springs, feeder dykes for Deccan Traps and seismicity all along its length. It is divided in two parts by the Barwani-Sukta Fault (BSF). To the west of this fault a graben exists, whereas to the east the basement is uplifted between Narmada North Fault (NNF) and Narmada South Fault (NSF). The present work deals with the 2-D thermal modeling to delineate the crustal thermal structure of the western part of NSL region along the Thuadara-Sindad Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profile which runs almost in the N-S direction across the NSL. Numerical results of the model reveal that the conductive surface heat flow value in the region under consideration varies between 45 and 47mW/m². Out of which 23mW/m² is the contribution from the mantle heat flow and the remaining from within the crust. The Curie depth is found to vary between 46 and 47 km and is in close agreement with the earlier reported Curie depth estimated from the analysis of MAGSAT data. The Moho temperature varies between 470 and 500°C. This study suggests that this western part of central Indian region is characterized by low mantle heat flow which in turn makes the lower crust brittle and amenable to the occurrence of deep focused earthquakes such as Satpura (1938) earthquake.  相似文献   

野外露头沉积学描述计算机辅助系统模型设计     

牛新生  刘刚 《江苏地质》2007,31(4):354-358

野外露头沉积学描述计算机辅助系统的任务是要帮助地质工作者实现野外露头沉积学描述信息的数字化处理,即利用计算机实现方便的数据录入、存储、管理、输出、辅助分析等。从地质模型分析入手,给出了系统的功能模型、模块划分和数据库模型。本系统的特点是实现了有关地质信息标准化采集、管理和处理分析,可为盆地分析、成岩成矿分析和区域地质调查工作提供技术支持。  相似文献   

<Superscript>57</Superscript>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy,X-ray single-crystal diffractometry,and electronic structure calculations on natural alexandrite     

Sven-Ulf Weber  Michael Grodzicki  Werner Lottermoser  Günther J. Redhammer  Gerold Tippelt  Johann Ponahlo  Georg Amthauer 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(7):507-515

Natural alexandrite Al₂BeO₄:Cr from Malyshevo near Terem Tschanka, Sverdlovsk, Ural, Russia, has been characterized by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron microprobe, X-ray single-crystal diffractometry and by electronic structure calculations in order to determine oxidation state and location of iron. The sample contains 0.3 wt% of total iron oxide. The ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectrum can be resolved into three doublets. Two of them with hyperfine parameters typical for octahedrally coordinated high-spin Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺, respectively, are assigned to iron substituting for Al in the octahedral M2-site. The third doublet is attributed to Fe³⁺ in hematite. Electronic structure calculations in the local spin density approximation are in reasonable agreement with experimental data provided that expansion and/or distortion of the coordination octahedra are presumed upon iron substitution. The calculated hyperfine parameters of Fe³⁺ are almost identical for the M1 and M2 positions, but the calculated ligand-field splitting is by far too large for high-spin Fe³⁺ on M1.  相似文献   

<Superscript>57</Superscript>Fe Mössbauer measurements and electronic structure calculations on natural lawsonites     

S.-U. Weber  M. Grodzicki  C. A. Geiger  W. Lottermoser  G. Tippelt  G. J. Redhammer  M. Bernroider  G. Amthauer 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(1):1-9

Three natural lawsonites from Syke Rock, Mendocino Co., Reed Ranch, Marin Co., and Blake Gardens, Sonoma Co., all from the Coast Range Region in California, were studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction. The samples contain about 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4 wt% of total iron oxide, respectively. ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra are consistent with the assumption that high-spin Fe³⁺ substitutes for Al in the octahedrally coordinated site. The Mössbauer spectrum of lawsonite from Syke Rock exhibits a second doublet with ⁵⁷Fe hyperfine parameters typical for octahedrally coordinated high-spin Fe²⁺. Electronic structure calculations in the local spin density approximation yield quadrupole splittings for Fe³⁺ in quantitative agreement with experiment indicating, however, that substitution of Al by Fe³⁺ must be accompanied by local distortion around the octahedral site. Model calculations also reproduce the room temperature hyperfine parameters of ferrous high-spin iron assuming the substitution of Ca by Fe²⁺. However, it cannot be excluded that Fe²⁺ may occupy a more asymmetric site within the microstructural cavity occupied by Ca and a H₂O molecule.  相似文献   

X-ray diffraction investigation of native Si-Fe alloy minerals from Luobusha, Tibet     

Li Guowu  Shi Nicheng  Xiong Ming  Ma Zhesheng  Bai Wenji  Fang Qingsong 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(1):21-25

The origin of native Si-Fe alloy mineral is thought to be related with mantle and aerolite. The native Si-Fe alloy minerals from podiform chromites of the Luobusha ophiolite in the Yarlong Zangbo suture zone were examined by a new method for powder-like diffractograms of small single crystals, using an SMART APEX-CCD area-detector X-ray diffractometer. The powder diffraction pattern shows that the minerals are composed of FeSi, FeSi₂, β-FeSi₂ and native silicon. The association of these minerals suggests that the crystallization order of the mineral may be from early to late FeSi→FeSi₂→native silicon, accompanied by gradually increasing deoxidization. Translated from Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2005, 24(5): 453–456 [译自: 岩石矿物学杂志]  相似文献   

江苏省区域发展空间结构研究     

段进军  季春霞 《地域研究与开发》2007,26(4):27-31,53

沿沪宁线高新技术产业带、沿江基础产业带和沿东陇海加工产业带是江苏省区域发展三大重点轴线,简称为"三沿"."三沿"战略对江苏省区域发展起到重要的作用,但它存在着一定的问题,它忽视了省内南北之间的协调发展,同时,没有将全省发展置于长三角一体化之中.基于这样考虑,作者提出"一圈五轴"的发展战略,并提出整合资源、跨江联动、突出沿江轴线的可持续性,提升沿沪宁轴线高新技术创新能力,重视对沿海轴线的开发,加快发展东陇海和内陆轴线开发等重要建议.  相似文献   

福建港口体系结构研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈斓  伍世代  陈培健 《热带地理》2007,27(3):249-253,283

阐述了福建港湾自然条件和港口开发现状,采用赫希曼-赫芬达尔指数分析近20年来港口体系空间结构的动态演变规律,结果表明,福建港口体系空间结构演变总趋势呈分散化。这说明了港口间的竞争大于合作,职能结构趋同,因而形成合理分工与协作的福建港口群是当务之急。鉴于此,运用模糊聚类、货种区位商等分析技术,对其体系内的港口等级层次、职能结构的基本特征进行探讨,并在此基础上提出了各港口职能分工的发展方向。  相似文献   

一种研究城市化发展的新方法     

姜玲  黄家柱 《地理与地理信息科学》2007,23(4):107-109

以南京市1988年TM影像为信息源,组合影像4、5波段得到建筑用地指数(NDBI),采用决策树分类方法对NDBI进行修正,分类提取建筑用地;对照TM影像修改误分的地块后转化为栅格数据,生成50×50个像元大小的格网,统计每个格网单元内的建筑用地率,将该值赋给各个格网单元的几何中心点;采用距离倒数方法由点数据插值得出整个影像范围内的建筑用地区域分异情况,进而反映出不同建筑用地率的辐射影响范围。该方法可定量提取不同建筑用地率的辐射边界,有助于根据单张影像数据分析城市的扩张趋势,可在一定程度上预测城市的发展;对于需要跨江发展的城市(如南京),该方法可以辅助桥梁等过江通道的选址。  相似文献   

园林湿地——一种独特的人工湿地类型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙广友  王海霞 《湿地科学》2007,5(1):7-12

确认园林湿地是人工湿地的一种独特类型。定义园林湿地为:在以隔离物为边界的空间范围内,构建具有协调建筑物和文化装饰的人工水景湿地,并具有审美、文化娱乐、休憩与居住等综合功能的自然—人文复合湿地系统。园林湿地具有不同的类型和结构,按风格可分为欧美西方园林与中国园林,古典园林与现代园林。苏州园林是中国古典园林的代表,具有极高的世界文化遗产价值。园林湿地是生态城市的重要基础,对城市可持续发展具有重要意义。  相似文献