华北地区一次中尺度对流系统上方的Sprite放电现象及其对应的雷达回波和闪电特征   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

王志超  杨静  陆高鹏  刘冬霞  王宇  肖现  郄秀书 《大气科学》2015,39(4):839-848

利用低光度相机首次观测到了2013年7月31日华北地区一次中尺度对流系统(MCS)上空产生的中高层Sprite放电现象。结合闪电定位、天气雷达等同步观测, 对一次MCS诱发的Sprite的形态学特征及其对应的母体闪电和雷暴系统的雷达回波特征等进行了详细分析。研究除发现了2例圆柱型、3例胡萝卜型和1例舞蹈型 Sprite外, 还发现了2例发光主体发育不完全的Y字型Sprite。估算的Sprite的底部平均高度低于61.8±3.5 km, 顶部平均高度为84.3±6.8 km。Sprite持续时间算术平均值为25.7±9.8 ms, 几何平均值为24.4 ms。Sprite的母体闪电均为正地闪, 峰值电流在+62.5～+106.2 kA之间, 算术平均值为+77.1±22.2 kA, 是本次MCS所有正地闪平均峰值电流的1.4倍。Sprite母体闪电的脉冲电荷矩变化(iCMC)在+475～+922 C km之间, 几何平均值为+571.0 C km。Sprite母体闪电发生在MCS雷达回波25～35 dBZ的层状云降水区, 弱回波(<30 dBZ)面积的突然增加对Sprite的产生有重要指示作用。Sprite易发生在MCS成熟—消散阶段正地闪比例(POP)显著增加的时段。在本次MCS消散阶段中, 有两个时间段可能有利于产生Sprite。在Sprite集中发生时间段, 北京闪电综合探测网(BLNET)探测到的正地闪比例为54.2%, 正地闪连续电流比例70.24%, 连续电流持续时间为58.17±50.31 ms, 有利于Sprite的产生。  相似文献   

时间矩在地下水相关参数确定中的应用     

李亮  陈余道  蒋亚萍 《地下水》2010,32(3):9-11

应用矩分析方法定量分析示踪剂数据需要一系列严格的步骤,包括数据标准化,浓度衰减的校正,去卷积,外推和积分。正确的分析,可以得出示踪剂扫描孔隙体积、流体几何和流体速度等场地的特殊信息,有助于了解库区边界的特征。通过实例分析,结果表明：采用时间矩方法确定地下水有关参数时,效果良好。  相似文献   

多功能旋挖钻机长螺旋钻具的研制          下载免费PDF全文

王三牛  李洪  宋刚  邵玉涛 《探矿工程》2010,37(5):45-48

通过对长螺旋钻进过程中阻力矩的计算,得出了不同直径和孔深情况下的阻力矩值,依此对长螺旋钻具的强度进行比对,给出了不同口径的长螺旋钻具参数。还介绍了长螺旋钻头的不同结构形式及配套器具,简述了多功能钻机长螺旋钻进施工工艺。  相似文献   

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����  ����  ��־��  ���³�  ��� 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(5):114-119

??GNSS??????????У??轫GNSS?????????????????????????????????????????GNSS???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????е???????????????????????е????λ???ó????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????о???GNSS????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????  相似文献   

Parametric study for optimal design of large piled raft foundations on sand     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

In designing piled raft foundations, controlling the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft is crucial. The majority of piled raft foundations have been designed by placing piles uniformly. In such a design method, the settlements of the piled rafts are likely to be large, which leads to an increase of the pile length and/or number of piles required to reduce the settlements. However, this increase does not satisfy the requirement for economical design. On the basis of a parametric study, this paper contributes a framework for considering an economical design methodology in which piles are placed more densely beneath the column positions when the piled raft is subjected to column loads. The analysis uses PLAXIS 3D software, and the validity of the parametric study is examined through the results of centrifuge model tests conducted by the authors. The study shows that the concentrated pile arrangement method can help to considerably reduce the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft. Moreover, the effects of parameters, such as pile length, pile number, raft thickness and load types, on the piled raft behavior are investigated. This study can help practicing engineers choose pile and raft parameters in combination with the concentrated pile arrangement method to produce an economical design.  相似文献   

掩星弯角资料同化在一次暴雨过程中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余江林  寇正  项杰  丁鹏飞 《湖北气象》2014,(2):181-186

使用GPS掩星弯角资料和NCEP预报场资料,采用GSI(Grid-point Statistical Interpolation)变分同化系统,对同化掩星弯角资料前后的分析场以及数值预报结果进行详细比较,分析了弯角资料同化对2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨预报结果的影响。结果表明,同化掩星弯角资料对初始场中的温度、湿度产生明显影响,500 hPa和700 hPa温度调整中心量值达到0.5℃和-0.6℃,700 hPa湿度调整中心最大量值达-0.14 kg·kg-1;同化过程改变了强降水发生前流场结构,明显提高了强降水中心位置、雨带走向及范围、降水强度的预报准确性;由降水TS评分可知,200 mm以上大暴雨模拟改善效果明显,但对弱降水预报效果较差。  相似文献   

Experimental study on three-point bending of granite after cryogenic freeze-thaw cycles at -160 ℃北大核心CSCD     

吕敦波  张帆  张益峰  杨科  吕飞  胡大伟 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1796-1806

In order to study the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the type I fracture toughness of granite under ultra-low temperature conditions,semi-circular bending（SCB）specimens were used in this study,and different freeze-thaw times（1,2 and 3 times）were selected. The granite in the natural state was treated with -160 ℃ ultra-low temperature freeze-thaw cycles,and the three-point bending test was carried out on the granite after the freeze-thaw cycle. and microstructure effects. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles,the localized damage of I-type crack tip of granite is intensified,the fracture toughness is decreased,the number of microcracks and pores in the rock is increased,the length of cracks is increased,and the pore size is increased. Finally,the changes of rock frost heaving force and fracture toughness under low temperature and ultra-low temperature conditions are compared and analyzed. Compared with low temperature conditions,the frost heaving force produced by ultra-low temperature freezing and thawing is larger. When fracture toughness decreases by approximately the same amplitude,rocks need more cycles of freezing and thawing at low temperature. The research results can provide theoretical reference for underground storage of liquefied natural gas（LNG）in ultra-low temperature environment. © 2022 Science Press (China).  相似文献   

Primary vs. secondary curved fold axes: Deciphering the origin of the Aït Attab syncline (Moroccan High Atlas) using paleomagnetic data     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

The Aït Attab syncline, located in the Central High Atlas, displays a curved geometry in plan view, and is considered as one of the most spectacular fold shapes in the Central High Atlasic belt. We conducted a paleomagnetic study in Jurassic-Cretaceous red beds to investigate the origin of this geometry. The Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM) is dominated by a secondary magnetization carried by haematite with unvarying normal polarity that has been dated at about 100 Ma. The regional fold test performed in both limbs of the syncline is positive and the paleomagnetic vectors (after tectonic correction) are parallel throughout the curvature, indicating a negative oroclinal bending test. These results are inconsistent with previous works that consider the bent geometry of this syncline to result from subsequent distortion of originally NE–SW trending structures by rotation about a vertical axis. We interpret the NRM data to demonstrate that the changing trend of the Aït Attab syncline is a primary feature, resulting from the influence of pre-existing, NE–SW and E-W-striking extensional faults that developed during a strike-slip regime. Paleomagnetic results also reveal that the tilting observed in the sampled red beds is post Albian, probably linked to the Cenozoic inversion of the High Atlasic belt.  相似文献   

Cosmological Constant, Minimal Mass and Electroweak Interaction     

Corrado Massa 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,306(3):175-176

A lower bound for the mass of a rotating body is derived in the general relativity theory with positive cosmological term Λ. The bound suggests a neutrino rest mass ∼1 meV and a neutrino magnetic moment of 10⁻⁴¹ erg/gauss ∼ Planck's magnetic moment. A connection between gravity and electroweak interaction is suggested.  相似文献   

Seismic source representation in orthogonal functions     

D. W. Vasco 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,102(3):531-535

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