Origin and occurrence of 25-norhopanes: a statistical study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ph. Blanc  J. Connan 《Organic Geochemistry》1992,18(6)

The alkane fraction of more than 200 rocks, biodegraded oils and non-biodegraded oils, have been analysed by means of computerized GC-MS, in order to investigate the effect of natural biodegradation on the occurrence of “demethylated hopanes”, i.e. 17α-25-norhopanes. The results obtained indicate that 25-norhopanes are preexisting biomarkers the concentration of which is enhanced by selective biodegradation of more readily degradable homologs, i.e. regular hopanes, rather than by demethylation of hopanes in reservoirs. However, the use of 25-norhopane enrichment as a palaebiodegradation indicator in apparently non-biodegraded oils is still valuable providing the initial background content in the corresponding source rocks is known. Furthermore, 25-norhopanes appear to be diagnostic of specific environmental conditions (marine and lacustrine source rocks, dysoxic and not very hypersaline). Lastly, one other (novel) bacterially resistant rearranged hopanoic compound, namely a C₂₉ neohopane, is applicable for both biodegradation and maturation evaluation.  相似文献   

Isoprenoid alkanes with irregular “head-to-head” linkages     

Al.A. Petrov  N.S. Vorobyova  Z.K. Zemskova 《Organic Geochemistry》1990,16(4-6)

A lightly biodegraded crude oil from the Tolkinsk field (Upper Jurassic), situated in north-west Siberia, was found to contain a series of C₂₈–C₃₉ isoprenoid alkanes. Most of these components contain a pristane unit linked head-to-head with other isoprenoid units. The structures of these components were elucidated by mass spectral interpretations, comparisons with a synthesised standard and by reference to data published previously in the literature. These results extend the carbon number range, the variety of structural types, and the number of reported occurrences of these compounds in geological samples. These results provide further evidence for a contribution of bacterial cell-wall lipids to crude oils.  相似文献   

Contaminant transport and biodegradation in saturated porous media: model development and simulation     

Song‐Bae Kim 《水文研究》2005,19(20):4069-4079

  相似文献   

海洋溢油的风化过程研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王传远  杜建国  贺世杰 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

水体中石油的分布与归宿取决于溢油风化.在溢油扩散漂移的同时,发生油类蒸发与溶解过程.石油烃在光能的激发和微量金属离子的催化下会发生氧化反应.石油入海后,在风、浪的作用下很容易发生乳化作用.油膜和分散液滴可附在海洋中悬浮颗粒物上沉淀,溶解的烃类吸附在固体颗粒物上沉淀.石油烃类的生物化学作用为其决定性降解作用.油的风化是许多不同过程的综合过程,它们是同时发生,互相影响的.未来需要在组成、性质和行为相互关系的研究基础上进行.在分子水平上系统研究溢油风化过程对于溢油事故发生后肇事者的确定、危害评价以及生物修复效果评估等具有重要的指导意义.  相似文献   

大武水源地地下水生物降解烃污染物的机理     

陈余道  朱学愚 《南方国土资源》1999,12(2):31-34

近几年的环境调查研究表明，山东省淄博市大武地下水水源地上游邻近石化厂区出现严重的地下管道石油污染物持续泄漏的现象。堠皋—柳杭地段地下水环境在成为集中污染区的同时，水化学环境也发生了迥然的变化：地下水中电子接受体溶解氧、ＮＯ－３几乎未检出，ＳＯ４２－呈低值分布。这是因为地下水中存在微生物降解烃污染物的作用所致，其作用机理包括需氧降解、脱硝降解、脱硫降解以及有Ｆｅ３＋参与的降解作用。然而由于该地段需氧降解、脱硝降解难以持续自行进行，导致生物降解污染物的速度降低。进一步研究生物降解速度，以提高地下水中电子接受体的浓度，增强微生物的活性，将有利于治理方案的制订与实施。  相似文献   

以醋酸为共代谢基质时四氯乙烯的生物降解初步研究     

李烨  刘菲  史敬华  刘石 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(3):7-10,96

四氯乙烯（PCE）是一种广泛用于干洗和脱脂的有机溶剂,是地下水中常见的污染物.在本实验中,将某肉联厂厌氧污泥接种到土壤中,进行微生物培养.当系统中的微生物活性较高时,以醋酸为共代谢基质,进行驯化实验,当系统中的微生物适应浓度为120μg/L的PCE之后,对PCE在厌氧条件下的降解情况进行研究.研究结果表明,将厌氧污泥接种到土壤中培养的微生物,在以醋酸为共代谢基质的条件下,可以使PCE很快转化为三氯乙烯（TCE）,并可以进一步转化为二氯乙烯（DCEs）.PCE在天然地下水中的半衰期为108d,本实验PCE降解的半衰期为2.95d,反应速率常数为0.2342d^-1.  相似文献   

Acclimatization and screening of a chloramphenicol-degrading strain     

Xuanwen LU Xueqin TAO Zhi DANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):115-116

Chloramphenicol （CAP） is an antibiotic commonly used in aquaculture as a prophylactic or disinfectant to prevent diseases, or as a chemotherapeutic agent to control diseases. This antibiotic is either spread directly in the aquatic environment or administered through medicated feeds. It may be directly exposed to or enter the environment by leaching from uneaten feeds or from the aquatic animals＇ excrements. The antibiotic also directly enters the environment through pharmaceutical wastewater. Toxicity of CAP to human bone marrow has been linked to fatal aplastic anemia. Antimicrobial residues enter the environment, which may also establish a selective pressure in favour of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The residues of antibiotics may pose potential risk to public health or increase the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. Due to these perceived risk, treatment of CAP in farm animals intended for human consumption has been restricted. However, residue of CAP in the environment is still a concern. There have been some reports on the residual effects of CAP on aquaculture and on microbial resistance to CAP in certain environments. The biotransformation of CAP in aquaculture pond sediments has been reported, which indicated that salinity is one of the many environmental factors that affect the degradation of CAP. However, acclimatization and screening of dominant bacteria for biodegrading CAP have been rarely studied. This paper studied the microbial degradation of CAP. In order to screen the dominant bacteria for degrading, the source of bacteria was sampled from the aquaculture pond sediments of Baiyun Borough, Guangzhou, China. 60 mg/L CAP was used as a sole carbon source to screen CAP-degrading bacteria and the dominant bacteria were acclimated after 2 months.  相似文献   

Geochemical significance of hydrocarbons desorbed from asphaltenes     

Changchun Pan  Zhongyao Xiao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(1):82-86

Saturate hydrocarbon fractions desorbed (cleaned) from asphaltenes extracted and separated from two core samples (a tar sand and a reservoir sandstone sample) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated thatn-alkanes adsorbed in asphaltenes were kept quite well during and after severe biodegradation over 360 Ma. Hydrocarbon desorption could be an alternative method of, or even better than the pyrolysis of asphaltenes to reconstruct the hydrocarbon fingerprints of primary oils and extend the understanding of the origins of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Research Center of Tarim Petroleum Exploration and Development.  相似文献   

高升油田储层流体非均质性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄海平  卢松年 《地球科学》1996,21(1):73-78

高升油田的主力产层沙三层莲花油层由阵发性的浊积砂岩构成，储层的非均质性强，储层流体－石油的总体组成和分子组成同样存在明显的非均质性，它依赖于储集砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率以及它们所处的地层和构造位置，流体非均质性的空间分布反映了油田的聚集史，后期的蚀变作用使储层流体的非均质性更加复杂化，正确认识储层流体的非均质性能为石油开采提供有用信息。  相似文献   

Reservoir geochemistry of South Pass 61 Field, Gulf of Mexico: compositional heterogeneities reflecting filling history and biodegradation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.G. Holba  L.I.P. Dzou  J.J. Hickey  S.G. Franks  S.J. May  T. Lenney 《Organic Geochemistry》1996,24(12):1179-1198

Cluster analysis of GC data for gasoline and mid-range hydrocarbon ratios from fifty-one South Pass 61 Field oils reveals geochemically similar oil clusters corresponding to geographically coherent groups. Insight into the groupings is obtained from examination of indicators of geochemical processes, e.g., anaerobic biodegradation, aerobic biodegradation and extensive remigration of light ends. Six duplicate samples collected in 1986 and 1992 as well as replicate runs on a single sample showed excellent analytical reproducibility.Subtle but consistent differences in both gasoline and oil-range hydrocarbon maturity indicators are observed between the east, west, and far west flanks of the field, suggesting filling of different segments of the reservoir from different kitchens at slightly different stages of thermal maturity or with slightly different chemical character. The west flank of the salt dome was charged with slightly more thermally mature petroleum than the east flank. The stratigraphically oldest and deepest sand on the far west flank has received the most mature petroleum. Different fluid contacts and GORs are observed in different sands and different fault blocks. The stacked pay geometry of the field and widespread faulting have led to considerable remigration of gas and condensate as observed in other fields in the Gulf of Mexico (Thompson, 1987).Biodegradation varies in severity with depth and reservoir zone, but is frequently overprinted by remigration of light end hydrocarbons. Anaerobic biodegradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria is probably the cause of light to moderate alteration in intermediate depth Pliocene sands which are hydraulically connected to the salt dome (with dissolution of anhydrite from the salt dome providing the sulfate). Widespread late pyrite formation in reservoir sandstones is inferred to represent the ultimate sink for reduced sulfur from sulfate reduction during oil biodegradation. Co-produced water compositions suggest no oxygenated freshwater infusion.  相似文献