激光雷达反演参数k值的研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

张文煜  王音淇  宋嘉尧  张镭  孙璐 《高原气象》2008,27(5)

采用532 nm激光雷达2006年在兰州市不同天气状况下的观测数据,结合能见度因子、CE318太阳光度计观测数据,对利用Klett法求解时,k在不同天气状况下的取值进行了初步研究,结果表明:只有当0.7≤k≤1.0时,气溶胶消光系数的大小与能见度估算出的值相接近。但在k=0.7时,计算出的气溶胶消光系数正、负参半;k=1.0时,消光系数廓线在晴天无云的天气状况下同实际情况不符。通过进一步分析研究激光雷达和光度计的同期观测资料发现:k=0.8时,较合理的数据所占比例为100%,k=0.9为84%,k=1.0仅为12%。对兰州市区而言,利用激光雷达分析气溶胶光学特性时,取k=0.8或k=0.9较为合理。  相似文献   

Time-dependent simulations of steady C-type shocks     

S. Van Loo  I. Ashmore  P. Caselli  S. A. E. G. Falle  T. W. Hartquist 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(1):319-327

Using a time-dependent multifluid, magnetohydrodynamic code, we calculated the structure of steady perpendicular and oblique C-type shocks in dusty plasmas. We included relevant processes to describe mass transfer between the different fluids, radiative cooling by emission lines and grain charging, and studied the effect of single- and multiple-sized grains on the shock structure. Our models are the first of oblique fast-mode molecular shocks in which such a rigorous treatment of the dust grain dynamics has been combined with a self-consistent calculation of the thermal and ionization structures including appropriate microphysics. At low densities, the grains do not play any significant rôle in the shock dynamics. At high densities, the ionization fraction is sufficiently low that dust grains are important charge and current carriers and, thus, determine the shock structure. We find that the magnetic field in the shock front has a significant rotation out of the initial upstream plane. This is most pronounced for single-sized grains and small angles of the shock normal with the magnetic field. Our results are similar to previous studies of steady C-type shocks showing that our method is efficient, rigorous and robust. Unlike the method employed in the previous most detailed treatment of dust in steady oblique fast-mode shocks, ours allow a reliable calculation even when chemical or other conditions deviate from local statistical equilibrium. We are also able to model transient phenomena.  相似文献   

The global gas and dust budget of the Large Magellanic Cloud: AGB stars and supernovae, and the impact on the ISM evolution     

M. Matsuura  M. J. Barlow  A. A. Zijlstra  P. A. Whitelock  M.-R. L. Cioni  M. A. T. Groenewegen  K. Volk  F. Kemper  T. Kodama  E. Lagadec  M. Meixner  G. C. Sloan  S. Srinivasan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,396(2):918-934

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Stellar sources of dust in the high-redshift Universe     

Rosa Valiante  Raffaella Schneider  Simone Bianchi  Anja C. Andersen 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(3):1661-1671

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The escape of ionizing photons from supernova-dominated primordial galaxies     

Hidenobu Yajima  Masayuki Umemura  Masao Mori  Taishi Nakamoto 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,398(2):715-721

In order to assess the contribution of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and Lyman α emitters (LAEs) at redshifts  3 < z < 7  to the ionization of intergalactic medium (IGM), we investigate the escape fractions of ionizing photons from supernova-dominated primordial galaxies by solving the three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer. The model galaxy is employed from an ultra-high-resolution chemodynamic simulation of a primordial galaxy by Mori & Umemura, which well reproduces the observed properties of LAEs and LBGs. The total mass of model galaxy is  10¹¹ M_⊙  . We solve not only photoionization but also collisional ionization by shocks. In addition, according to the chemical enrichment, we incorporate the effect of dust extinction, taking the size distributions of dust into account. As a result, we find that dust extinction reduces the escape fractions by a factor of 1.5–8.5 in the LAE phase and by a factor of 2.5–11 in the LBG phase, while the collisional ionization by shocks increases the escape fractions by a factor of  ≈2  . The resultant escape fractions are 0.07–0.47 in the LAE phase and 0.06–0.17 in the LBG phase. These results are well concordant with the recent estimations derived from the flux density ratio at 1500 to 900 Å of LAEs and LBGs. Combining the resultant escape fractions with the luminosity functions of LAEs and LBGs, we find that high- z LAEs and LBGs can ionize the IGM at   z = 3–5  . However, ionizing radiation from LAEs as well as LBGs falls short of ionizing the IGM at   z > 6  . That implies that additional ionization sources may be required at   z > 6  .  相似文献   

广西来宾蓬莱滩二叠纪瓜德鲁普统—乐平统界线剖面元素和同位素地球化学研究及地质意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨振宇  沈渭洲  郑连弟 《地质学报》2009,83(1):1-15

广西来宾蓬莱滩二叠系瓜德鲁普统-乐平统界线剖面已被国际地质科学联合会确定为国际界线层型标准剖面,在该界面附近发生了一次重要的全球性生物绝灭事件。蓬莱滩剖面样品采自乐平统合山组底部(由硅质岩和透镜状灰岩组成)和瓜德鲁普统茅口组上部来宾灰岩(由硅质灰岩、灰岩和少量硅质岩组成)。它们具有高的SiO2含量(除3个样品低于10%以外,其余样品均大于17%,平均为43.44%)、m值(>50)与Sr/Ba值(>1.0)和低的MgO/CaO(绝大部分低于02)与 V/(V+Ni)值(<046); Ce和Eu亏损明显。这些地球化学特征反映它们是在相对氧化的浅海环境中形成的,硅的来源非常丰富。样品的εNd(t)值(-7.5~-3.3)和(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.70705~0.70739)都位于全球大洋Nd、Sr同位素演化曲线晚二叠纪时期区域内。有机碳的δ13Corg值变化明显(-26.7‰~-23.2‰),尤其是在瓜德鲁普统与乐平统以及茅口组与合山组界线附近发生显著的负漂移(达34‰),而且与无机碳的δ13C值呈现大致平行的变化趋势,证实在该界线附近发生过生物绝灭事件。虽然对瓜德鲁普统—乐平统交替时期发生的生物绝灭事件已提出过包括海平面下降在内的多种假设,但本文认为,由地幔柱上升引起的、以峨嵋山玄武岩喷发为代表的超级火山活动以及由此引起的环境效应是该时期生物绝灭的主要原因。  相似文献   

Dust extinction and X-ray emission from the starburst galaxy NGC 1482     

N.D. Vagshette  M.B. Pandge  S.K. PandeyM.K. Patil 《New Astronomy》2012,17(5):524-532

We present the results based on multiwavelength imaging observations of the prominent dust lane starburst galaxy NGC 1482 aimed to investigate the extinction properties of dust existing in the extreme environment. (B-V) colour-index map derived for the starburst galaxy NGC 1482 confirms two prominent dust lanes running along its optical major axis and are found to extend up to ∼11 kpc. In addition to the main lanes, several filamentary structures of dust originating from the central starburst are also evident. Though, the dust is surrounded by exotic environment, the average extinction curve derived for this target galaxy is compatible with the Galactic curve, with R_V = 3.05, and imply that the dust grains responsible for the optical extinction in the target galaxy are not really different than the canonical grains in the Milky Way. Our estimate of total dust content of NGC 1482 assuming screening effect of dust is ∼2.7 × 10⁵ M_⊙, and provide lower limit due to the fact that our method is not sensitive to the intermix component of dust. Comparison of the observed dust in the galaxy with that supplied by the SNe to the ISM, imply that this supply is not sufficient to account for the observed dust and hence point towards the origin of dust in this galaxy through a merger like event.Our multiband imaging analysis reveals a qualitative physical correspondence between the morphologies of the dust and Hα emission lines as well as diffuse X-ray emission in this galaxy. Spatially resolved spectral analysis of the hot gas along outflows exhibit a gradient in the temperature. Similar gradient was also noticed in the measured values of metallicity, indicating that the gas in the halo is not yet enriched. High resolution, 2-8 keV Chandra image reveals a pair of point sources in the nuclear region with their luminosities equal to 2.27 × 10³⁹ erg s⁻¹ and 9.34 × 10³⁹ erg s⁻¹, and are in excess of the Eddington-limit of 1.5 M_⊙ accreting source. Spectral analysis of these sources exhibit an absorbed-power law with the hydrogen column density higher than that derived from the optical measurements.  相似文献   

Dust attenuation in hydrodynamic simulations of spiral galaxies     

Miguel Rocha  Patrik Jonsson  Joel R. Primack  T. J. Cox 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,383(4):1281-1291

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Infrared spectroscopic study of a selection of AGB and post-AGB stars     

V. Venkata Raman  B. G. Anandarao 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,385(2):1076-1086

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Lensing, reddening and extinction effects of Mg ii absorbers from z= 0.4 to 2     

Brice Ménard  Daniel Nestor  David Turnshek  Anna Quider  Gordon Richards  Doron Chelouche  Sandhya Rao 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,385(2):1053-1066

Using a sample of almost 7000 strong Mg  ii absorbers with   W ₀ > 1 Å  and  0.4 < z < 2.2  detected in the SDSS DR4 data set, we investigate the gravitational lensing and dust extinction effects they induce on background quasars. After carefully quantifying several selection biases, we isolate the reddening effects as a function of redshift and absorber rest equivalent width, W ₀. We find the amount of dust to increase with cosmic time as  τ( z ) ∝ (1 + z )^−1.1±0.4  , following the evolution of cosmic star density or integrated star formation rate. We measure the reddening effects over a factor of 30 in E ( B − V ) and we find that  τ∝ ( W ₀)^1.9±0.1  , providing us with an important scaling for theoretical modelling of metal absorbers. We also measure the dust-to-metal ratio and find it similar to that of the Milky Way. In contrast to previous studies, we do not detect any gravitational magnification by Mg  ii systems. We measure the upper limit  μ < 1.10  and discuss the origin of the discrepancy. Finally, we estimate the fraction of absorbers missed due to extinction effects and show that it rises from 1 to 50 per cent in the range  1 < W ₀ < 6 Å  . We parametrize this effect and provide a correction for recovering the intrinsic  ∂ N /∂ W ₀  distribution.  相似文献