Variations in rates of nucleation and growth of biotite porphyroblasts     

D. M. HIRSCH  W. D. CARLSON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2006,24(8):763-777

Differences in rates of nucleation and diffusion‐limited growth for biotite porphyroblasts in adjacent centimetre‐scale layers of a garnet‐biotite schist from the Picuris Mountains of New Mexico are revealed by variations in crystal size and abundance between two layers with strong compositional similarity. Relationships between fabrics recorded by inclusion patterns in biotite and garnet porphyroblasts are interpreted to reflect garnet growth following biotite growth, without substantial alteration of the biotite sizes. Sizes and locations of biotite crystals, obtained via high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography, document that of the two adjacent layers, one has a larger mean crystal volume (9.5 × 10^?4v. 2.4 × 10^?4 cm³), fewer biotite crystals per unit volume (232 v. 576 crystals cm^?3), and a higher volume fraction of biotite (23%v. 14%). The two layers have similar mineral assemblages and mineral chemistry. Both layers show evidence for diffusional control of nucleation and growth. Pseudosection analysis suggests that the large‐biotite layer began to crystallize biotite at a temperature ～67 °C greater than the small‐biotite layer. Diffusion rates differed between layers, because of their different temperature ranges of crystallization, but this effect can be quantified. The bulk compositional difference between the layers, manifested in different modal amounts of biotite, has an effect on the biotite sizes that is also quantifiable and insufficient to account for the difference in biotite size. After these other possible causes of variation in crystal sizes have been eliminated, variability in nucleation and diffusion rates remain as the dominant factors responsible for the difference in porphyroblastic textures. Numerical simulations suggest that relative to the small‐biotite layer, the large‐biotite layer experienced elevated diffusion rates because of the higher crystallization temperature, as well as increased nucleation rates in order to achieve the observed size and number density of crystals. The simulations can replicate the observed textures only by invoking unreasonably large values for the thermal dependence of nucleation rates (activation energies), strongly suggesting that the observed textural differences arise from variations between layers in the abundance and energetics of potential nucleation sites.  相似文献   

Biotite and garnet compositional variation and mineral equilibria in Grenville gneisses of the Otter Lake area, Quebec     

RALPH KRETZ 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1990,8(5):493-506

Garnet-biotite gneisses, some of which contain sillimanite or hornblende, are widespread within the Otter Lake terrain, a portion of the Grenville Province of the Canadian Shield. The metamorphic grade is upper amphibolite to, locally, lower granulite facies. The atomic ratio Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺+ Fe³⁺) in biotite ranges from 0.79 to 0.89 (ferrous iron determinations in 10 highly pure separates), with a mean of 0.86. Mg and Fe²⁺ atoms occupy 67–78% of the octahedral sites, the remainder are occupied by Fe³⁺, Ti, and Al, and some are vacant. Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺), denoted X, in the analysed samples ranges from 0.32 to 0.65. Garnet contains 1–24% grossular, 1–12% spessartine and X ranges from 0.07 to 0.34. Compositional variation in biotite and garnet is examined in relation to three mineral equilibria: (I) biotite + sillimanite + quartz = garnet + K-feldspar + H₂O; (II) pyrope + annite = almandine + phlogopite; (III) anorthite = grossular + sillimanite + quartz. Measurements of X (biotite) and X (garnet) are used to construct an illustrative model for equilibrium (I) which relates the observed variation in X to a temperature range of 70°C or a range in H₂O activity of 0.6; the latter interpretation is preferred. In sillimanite-free gneisses, the distribution of Mg and Fe²⁺ between garnet (low in Ca and Mn) and biotite is adequately described by a distribution coefficient (KD) of 4.1 (equilibrium II). The observed increase in the distribution coefficient with increasing Ca in garnet is ln K_D= 1.3 + 2.5 × 10^?2 [Ca] where [Ca] = 100 Ca/(Mg + Fe²⁺+ Mn + Ca). The distribution coefficient is apparently unaffected by the presence of up to 12% spessartine in garnet. In several specimens of garnet-sillimanite-plagioclase gneiss, the Ca contents of garnet and of plagioclase increase in unison, as required by equilibrium (III). The mean pressure calculated from these data (n= 17) is 5.9 kbar, and the 95% confidence limits are ±0.5 kbar.  相似文献   

广西云开地区那蓬岩体黑云母二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及成因     

田梦宇  狄永军  王帅  贾一龙 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(3):749-766

华南地区印支期经历了强烈的构造运动和岩浆活动,印支期花岗岩的构造背景一直是地学界讨论的热点问题。本文对广西云开地区那蓬黑云母二长花岗岩体进行了详细的锆石年代学、地球化学特征及成因研究。结果显示：那蓬岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为（257.8 ±1.2） Ma,结晶年龄为晚二叠世;岩石主量元素具有富钾、富铝质特点,属于钙碱性岩石;微量元素主要富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Th、U、K、Pb）,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf）和Ba、Sr元素;稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素亏损,稀土元素球粒陨石配分曲线呈右倾型,具有较明显轻重稀土分馏特征和负铕异常（δEu=0.41~0.66）。地球化学特征指示了花岗岩的物质来源主要为古老地壳杂砂-泥质源岩部分熔融,构造环境有可能形成于板块碰撞环境的后造山阶段。  相似文献   

内蒙古东乌旗达亚纳钨-钼矿成岩成矿时代及其岩体地球化学研究     

向安平  陈毓川  佘宏全  李光明  李应栩 《地质学报》2018,92(1):107-124

内蒙古东乌旗达亚纳钨-钼矿是近年来正在勘查的一个规模有望达中型的新矿床,矿床位于兴蒙造山带中西部,矿床类型为典型的石英脉型黑钨-钼矿,黑钨矿石英脉以近于直立(75°)的平直脉体产出在黑云母花岗岩内或岩体与地层的外接触带,并向下尖灭于岩体内部,主要的矿化蚀变类型有云英岩化、钾长石化、钠长石化、硅化等。伴随黑钨矿化共生大量的辉钼矿,辉钼矿化多产出在黑钨矿石英脉两侧或石英脉内。本文在系统研究矿床地质特征的基础上,对成矿岩体——黑云母花岗岩进行了高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及地球化学分析,U-Pb测年结果显示,两件黑云母花岗岩样品(DYN-19、DYN-30)有着一致的U-Pb谐和年龄,分别为134±1Ma(MSWD=0.41)、135±1Ma(MSWD=0.52)。地球化学特征显示,岩体富硅、富碱,SiO_2平均74.43%,Na_2O+K_2O平均8.33%,Na_2O/K_2O平均0.73,明显富钾,属高钾钙碱性系列;Al_2O_3平均为12.72%,铝饱和指数A/CNK全部近1.0,为准铝质到弱过铝质花岗岩类,相对贫Mg;稀土总量较低,ΣREE变化于63.68×10~(-6)~91.11×10~(-6),表现为右倾稀土元素配分模式,弱富集轻稀土,并具有明显的负铕异常,高场强元素Th、U、Nd、Hf明显富集,而Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb显著亏损;为壳源重熔型花岗岩的地球化学特征。锆石Hf同位素分析显示,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf值0.28295~0.28302,ε_(Hf)(t)值+6.4~+8.8,二阶段模式年龄值408~540Ma,年轻的二阶段模式年龄和不大的ε_(Hf)(t)正值,指示了其岩浆源区可能为新生下地壳。同时对矿区7件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析测试,获得等时线年龄为133±3Ma,MSWD值为2.2。可见成岩年龄和成矿年龄在误差范围内具有一致性,为同一期地质作用的产物,即成岩成矿时代为早白垩世,属燕山期构造岩浆活动的产物。  相似文献   

藏东纽多黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及成因   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

樊炳良  白涛  冯德新  张婷婷  汤勇  张力文  梁宏岩 《地质通报》2018,37(7):1226-1235

通过对澜沧江北段卡贡地区出露的纽多黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄的研究,分析了纽多黑云母二长花岗岩的地球化学和原岩特征。黑云母二长花岗岩中的锆石具有明显的振荡环带,较高的Th/U值(普遍大于0.4),属于典型的岩浆成因锆石,用LA-ICP-MS测得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为243.6±1.4Ma(MSWD=1.00,n=15),时代为中三叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,该黑云母二长花岗岩具有较高的SiO_2、Al_2O_3及高钾富碱的特征,A/CNK值为1.05~1.08,为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素配分模式显示,配分曲线为右倾型,具有明显的负Eu异常和弱负Ce异常,表现为Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Ti等高场强元素相对亏损,相对富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素。岩石地球化学特征表明,纽多黑云母二长花岗岩为S型花岗岩,形成于地壳加厚增温环境下的深熔作用。  相似文献   

湘南宝山矿床花岗闪长斑岩中黑云母的矿物学特征及其指示意义   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

弥佳茹  袁顺达  原垭斌  轩一撒 《矿床地质》2014,33(6):1357-1365

湖南宝山矿床处于坪宝矿带的北端,是湘南地区最大的铜多金属矿床。为了进一步探讨矿区内花岗质岩石的形成条件及成矿潜力,文章在详细的野外地质和岩相学观察的基础上,对与成矿密切相关的花岗闪长斑岩中的黑云母进行了详细的矿物化学分析。电子探针分析结果表明:宝山花岗闪长斑岩中的黑云母为铁质黑云母和镁质黑云母,其中,Ti介于0.18~0.30,且Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)值介于0.42~0.58,属于典型的岩浆成因黑云母;黑云母的氧化系数为0.16~0.26,w(Mg O)为8.17%~11.72%,平均9.3%,MF值范围为0.38~0.50,指示其岩体属于壳幔混源型的I型花岗岩;岩体中以黑云母的全铝含量计算的结晶压力为97~174 MPa,相应的结晶深度为3.67~6.57 km,平均深度为5.12 km。其log f(O2)变化范围为-14.5~-12.8,表明黑云母是在较高氧逸度条件下结晶形成的,有利于铜矿的形成。  相似文献   

三江北段纳日贡玛黑云母花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋忠宝  贾群子  张雨莲  陈博  陈向阳  王富春  田永革  栗亚芝  张晓飞  全守村 《地质通报》2012,31(203):439-447

西南三江北段是青海省重要的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿带,纳日贡玛铜钼矿是近年来在三江北段发现的与侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜钼矿。利用锆石U-Pb方法测得纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩的形成年龄为41.53Ma ±0.24Ma,属于喜马拉雅早期。纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿时代主要在40.86~40.80Ma之间。在多期热液叠加、多期成矿作用中,纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的热液应是纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩（41.53Ma ±0.24Ma）和纳日贡玛斜长花岗斑岩（41.00Ma ±0.18Ma）共同提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,因而确定这些侵入体的形成年龄,对于在该区寻找同时代的斑岩型铜钼矿有重要的理论意义和现实意义。  相似文献   

Halogen signatures of biotites from the Maher-Abad porphyry copper deposit,Iran: characterization of volatiles in syn- to post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1353-1368

Copper and gold mineralization in the Maher-Abad area, eastern Iran, is closely related to multiple episodes of emplacement of a late Eocene granodiorite into a quartz-monzonitic stock and andesitic volcaniclastic rocks. Hypogene and supergene porphyry Cu–Au mineralization occurred within the porphyritic granodiorite and quartz-monzonite host rocks extensively altered into dominantly potassic, propylitic, phyllic, and argillic assemblages. Temperature and pressure estimates using the plagioclase–hornblende thermometer and Al-in-hornblende barometer indicate that the granodiorite intruded at 758 ± 10°C and 1.4 ± 0.2 kbar.

Biotites from the alteration zones have more variable Al^IV than those in the fresh granodiorite, but nearly all are close to the ideal phlogopite composition. Biotite compositions display an increase in Al₂O₃, FeO, TiO₂, and Cl, but a decrease in SiO₂ and F, from the porphyritic granodiorite and potassic to the transitional phyllic alteration zones. Biotite from the potassic zone (X _phl?=?0.63–0.67) possesses a moderate F content (0.53 to 0.82 wt.%) that is significantly higher than that in the phyllic zone (0.22 to 0.38 wt.%), exhibiting a positive correlation with X _Mg and negative correlation with Cl.

With a decrease in the temperature, log (fH₂O/fHF) and log (fH₂O/fHCl) values calculated for fluids equilibrated with biotite increase progressively from the granodiorite through the potassic to the phyllic zones, whereas log (fHF/fHCl) shifts towards more negative values. Fugacity ratio trends in the Maher-Abad porphyry copper deposit are quite similar to those of other porphyry copper systems. The decrease in halogen content of hydrothermal fluids towards outer parts of the deposits reflects an increase in the degree of mixing between magmatic fluid and meteoric water.  相似文献   

西藏米林县片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年及Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

时超  李荣社  何世平  王超  辜平阳  计文化  查显锋  张海迪 《岩石矿物学杂志》2012,31(6):818-830

喜马拉雅是印度与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞作用形成的全球最年轻、规模最大和正在活跃的造山带。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术对位于东喜马拉雅构造结侵入南迦巴瓦岩群的片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩进行了测年,获得岩浆结晶年龄为515.5±2.3 Ma(早寒武世),提供了泛非构造-岩浆事件在东喜马拉雅构造结的记录。岩石地球化学分析表明,SiO2含量为66.47%~72.42%,A/CNK指数为0.98~1.08,平均1.03,在A/NK-A/CNK指数图解中样品大部分落入过铝质区,里特曼指数σ为1.53~3.08,为钙碱性系列,在SiO2-K2O图解上大部分样品投入高钾钙碱性系列区,在Harker图解中所有样品中的TiO2、MgO、FeOT、MnO、K2O随着SiO2含量的变化增加而减少,Na2O随着SiO2含量的增加而增加,均呈较好的线性关系。稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾曲线,(La/Yb)N为19.1~63.8,出现弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.24~0.88);微量元素表现出Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Zr亏损,而大离子亲石元素Rb、Th和U相对富集的特征。Sr、Nd同位素组成表明,丹娘乡片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩具有负εNd(t)值(-8.67~-10.57)和较老的Nd模式年龄(tDM=1.84~3.42),说明其来源可能是上地壳物质,结合87Sr/86Sr初始比值特征,推断丹娘乡片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩是在高温环境下经部分熔融形成的。通过构造环境判别图及岩石地球化学研究认为丹娘乡准铝质-弱过铝质片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩形成于后碰撞造山环境,结合新得到的513 Ma同位素年龄,认为泛非碰撞造山事件早寒武世在东喜马拉雅构造结一带可能结束,进入后碰撞造山的构造演化阶段。  相似文献   

内蒙古那仁乌拉埃达克质花岗岩的发现、成因、锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郝百武 《矿物岩石》2012,32(1):28-39

在中亚造山带东段华北克拉通北缘,识别出一套晚古生代那仁乌拉黑云母花岗岩。其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为267.2Ma±1.4 Ma(MSWD=1.3,n=21)和捕获锆石年龄为296.3Ma～296.1Ma、278.8Ma～277.4 Ma;岩石为低钾(拉斑)到高钾钙碱性,弱准铝质到过铝质I型;ΣREE较低,轻重稀土分馏较强(LaN/YbN:15.59～32.36)。在稀土元素配分模式图上,都表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾散开式。弱到正的铕负异常(δEu:0.79～1.08);在微量元素蛛网图上,相对富集LREE(La,Ce),LILE(K,Rb)和HFSE(Zr,Hf),元素Nb,Ta,P,Ti,Y,Yb,Lu亏损程度较大,元素U,Th,Sr由相对亏损到富集。岩石整体具有埃达克质岩的亲合性,形成于弧向同碰撞过渡的构造环境;锆石εHf(t)值(0.95～4.05)显示具有弱亏损的幔源组分特性,与主量元素、微量元素及REE一致,变化范围都较大,共同暗示其源岩的壳幔混源性。较年轻的锆石Hf模式年龄(1 030.9Ma～1 226.8Ma)与兴蒙造山带范围一致;那仁乌拉花岗岩与西部乌拉特中旗克布岩体,东部吉林大玉山岩体共同组成一条华北克拉通北缘埃达克质岩浆带,其都为与古亚洲洋俯冲碰撞引起的具有弧岩浆性质的年轻的基性玄武质下地壳部分熔融有关的C型埃达克岩。这条埃达克质岩浆带与稍晚期的华北克拉通北缘碱性岩浆带相对应,都具有西部形成早于东部的特征,可能暗示古亚洲洋自西向东逐渐闭合的规律。  相似文献