Simulation of structural response under high‐frequency ground excitation     

Yong Lu  Hong Hao  Guowei Ma  Yingxin Zhou 《地震工程与结构动力学》2001,30(3):307-325

The structural response to high‐frequency ground motions is complicated due to the involvement of local‐mode vibration. At present such a characteristic is not well recognized and this can cause confusion over the analytical and experimental modelling of the corresponding response and damage. The fact that most existing regulatory guides for limits on allowable construction vibrations are necessarily simplified for administrative reasons calls upon the derivation of more sophisticated approaches for special cases. This requires accumulation of pertinent experimental evidence. This paper attempts to provide some insights into the local‐mode dynamic response characteristics, with emphasis on appropriate modelling techniques and experimental measurements. A preliminary testing program is reported, in which efforts were made to reproduce high‐frequency response with a reduced scale reinforced concrete model with shaking table facilities. The results demonstrate the dependence of the response amplitudes with the excitation frequency. On a ppv‐basis, the current test results indicate that a substantial increase of the allowable ppv value from those specified by various standards may be considered for structural damage to reinforced concrete building structures. More analytical and experimental data are needed for further evaluation of the local‐mode effects and to quantify their impact on the structural damage process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

爆破对岩爆产生作用的初步探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢勇谋  李天斌 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(1):61-64

几个典型工程实例表明，岩爆发生的控制性因素主要是应力与岩性的关系，开挖爆破对岩爆的发生起着某种重要的作用，但这种作用一直未得到充分地认识。文章分析了开挖爆破产生的应力波在围岩中的传播及对围岩的影响：爆破产生的P波和Rayleigh波将分别在围岩中形成垂直和平行于围岩表面的拉张破裂面，这些破裂面可能是微观的，也可能是宏观的，它们为岩爆的发生提供了物质基础。文章最后通过岩爆实例及深井稳定性问题指出：开挖爆破不仅是岩爆的诱发性因素，在某条件下而且是一种控制性因素。  相似文献   

基于遗传算法的煤层注水渗透特征参数反演     

李宗翔  郭嗣琮  倪景峰 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(4):60-63

煤层注水是防治矿井冲击地压灾害发生的最有效的方法。确定煤层渗透特征参数，是合理确定注水工艺参数、有效控制防灾效果的关键，有很强的现实意义。遗传算法是全局收敛的方法，用该算法对煤体导水、贮水等渗透特征参数反演，方法稳定可靠。以观测水分增值与计算结果的相对偏差作为最优搜索目标函数，建立GA反演适应度函数及迭代收敛准则；GA操作采用无条件保护最优个体、种群个体无死亡及每个体只有1次参与交换机会等规则。提出通过对已知参数正向问题结果(水分增值)的反演计算，验证遗传算法精度。算例结果表明，繁衍迭代至第41代时，反演参数结果与理论参数几乎完全拟合。达到最优解，精度符合工程要求。  相似文献   

铁路干线下的隧道施工关键技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

范荣刚 《岩土力学》2004,25(Z1):137-140

结合泰安抽水蓄能电站工程实例,介绍隧洞在穿越京沪铁路的施工过程中,采用震动监测技术优化爆破参数,顺利通过的施工技术。  相似文献   

Understanding size and boundary effectsin scaled model blasts - plane problems     

H. P. Rossmanith  V. Hochholdinger-Arsic  K. Uenishi 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2005,9(2):93-125

This contribution addresses model blasting and focuses on size and boundary effects on wave propagation, fracture pattern development and fragmentation in small scale laboratory size specimen. Small cylindrical specimens are centre-line loaded by linear high velocity of detonation explosive charges and detonated.

Using elastic wave propagation theory and fracture mechanics it is shown that the type of boundary conditions which prevail at the outer boundary of the cylinder control the extension of bore-hole cracking and fragmentation within the body of the cylinder. In the case of a composite cylinder with dissimilar mantel and core materials, the level of fracturing and fragmentation is controlled by the delamination of the interface. This, in turn, depends on the relative diameters of the core and the mantel. The most important parameter though is the ratio between the length of the pulse (space-wise or time-wise) and the characteristic dimensions of the models, i.e. in this case the diameters of the core and the mantel.

The theoretical basis for a simplified two-dimensional plane treatment is developed. Simple or composite, thin, plate-like specimens are centrally loaded; whereas the core is always a circle, the mantel can be either a circle or a square.  相似文献   

A comparison of rock mass disturbance in TBM and drill and blast drivages at the Donkin Mine,Nova Scotia     

T. R. C. Aston  J. L. Gilby  C. M. K. Yuen 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1988,6(2):147-162

Summary The initial phase of the Donkin-Morien project involves the driving of two parallel tunnels through an interbedded sequence of coal measures strata to intersect the Harbour Seam which lies approximately 3.5 km offshore. The No. 2 tunnel was driven a total distance of 3579 m using a 7.6 m diameter full face shielded Lovat TBM and supported by steel ring beams. The No. 3 tunnel was initially driven a distance of 1027 m using conventional drill and blast methods (7.6 m wide by 5.3 m high with a uniradial arch and supported by rock bolts and shotcrete). The TBM was subsequently used to complete the drivage of the No. 3 tunnel to the Harbour Seam.Both the No. 2 and No. 3 tunnels followed a thick sandstone unit at a grade of –20% for the first 900 m. This provided an opportunity to compare the rock mass disturbance resulting from two different excavation methods. A programme of field and laboratory measurements was therefore undertaken, which included: the use of a borehole dilatometer to determinein situ rock modulus,in situ gas permeability testing, seismic reflection surveys on the tunnel walls, and the laboratory testing of core samples.The paper examines the four different techniques used and compares the results obtained.  相似文献   

Some aspects of cast blasting techniques for dam construction     

G. R. Adhikari  R. N. Gupta 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1989,7(4):301-313

Summary A proposal is under consideration to construct a dam on an experimental basis by a cast (or directional) blasting technique, DBT. The dam site is located at Bharari Khad, a tributary of the Sutlaz river in Himachal Pradesh. Site investigations have been completed and a large scale blast has been designed for construction of the experimental dam.The paper describes the basic design concept of DBT and application of throw and caving methods for construction of dams. The preliminary tests required to design the blasting pattern are detailed. The technique has a great potential because it reduces construction cost and time particularly in inaccessible mountain regions.  相似文献   

地震效应及安全研究   总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21  

言志信  吴德伦  王漪  许明 《岩土力学》2002,23(2):201-203

分析了爆破地震效应原理，指出爆破振动速度是导致结构破坏的一个重要物理量，他可使建筑物的正常工作受到影响，同时，对附近居民产生影响。结合桃矿爆破地震观测，研究了爆破地震质点峰值振速衰减规律、振动频率、纵波速度和振动持续时间等地震效应及其安全问题。  相似文献   

爆破振动参数在地质灾害鉴定中的运用     

黄作明 《贵州地质》2007,24(4):306-309

本文论述爆破振动参数在地质灾害鉴定中的运用。指出在作爆破振动地质灾害鉴定时,除对建筑物的设计、建筑材料、建筑史、用途、结构、内外环境、地基基础、变形特征进行详细的了解记录外,还必须了解其爆破源点与被鉴定对象之间的地质环境,确定其与地形地质条件有关的系数K,衰减指数α,鉴定对象的最大振幅对应的频率、速度、爆破点的位置及炸药用量,计算振动的安全距离与剖面图上两者之间距离进行比较,为鉴定提出合理的证据。  相似文献   

Directed blasts and blast-generated pyroclastic density currents: a comparison of the Bezymianny 1956, Mount St Helens 1980, and Soufrière Hills,Montserrat 1997 eruptions and deposits     

Alexander Belousov  Barry Voight  Marina Belousova 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(7):701-740

We compare eruptive dynamics, effects and deposits of the Bezymianny 1956 (BZ), Mount St Helens 1980 (MSH), and Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat 1997 (SHV) eruptions, the key events of which included powerful directed blasts. Each blast subsequently generated a high-energy stratified pyroclastic density current (PDC) with a high speed at onset. The blasts were triggered by rapid unloading of an extruding or intruding shallow magma body (lava dome and/or cryptodome) of andesitic or dacitic composition. The unloading was caused by sector failures of the volcanic edifices, with respective volumes for BZ, MSH, and SHV c. 0.5, 2.5, and 0.05 km³. The blasts devastated approximately elliptical areas, axial directions of which coincided with the directions of sector failures. We separate the transient directed blast phenomenon into three main parts, the burst phase, the collapse phase, and the PDC phase. In the burst phase the pressurized mixture is driven by initial kinetic energy and expands rapidly into the atmosphere, with much of the expansion having an initially lateral component. The erupted material fails to mix with sufficient air to form a buoyant column, but in the collapse phase, falls beyond the source as an inclined fountain, and thereafter generates a PDC moving parallel to the ground surface. It is possible for the burst phase to comprise an overpressured jet, which requires injection of momentum from an orifice; however some exploding sources may have different geometry and a jet is not necessarily formed. A major unresolved question is whether the preponderance of strong damage observed in the volcanic blasts should be attributed to shock waves within an overpressured jet, or alternatively to dynamic pressures and shocks within the energetic collapse and PDC phases. Internal shock structures related to unsteady flow and compressibility effects can occur in each phase. We withhold judgment about published shock models as a primary explanation for the damage sustained at MSH until modern 3D numerical modeling is accomplished, but argue that much of the damage observed in directed blasts can be reasonably interpreted to have been caused by high dynamic pressures and clast impact loading by an inclined collapsing fountain and stratified PDC. This view is reinforced by recent modeling cited for SHV. In distal and peripheral regions, solids concentration, maximum particle size, current speed, and dynamic pressure are diminished, resulting in lesser damage and enhanced influence by local topography on the PDC. Despite the different scales of the blasts (devastated areas were respectively 500, 600, and >10 km² for BZ, MSH, and SHV), and some complexity involving retrogressive slide blocks and clusters of explosions, their pyroclastic deposits demonstrate strong similarity. Juvenile material composes >50% of the deposits, implying for the blasts a dominantly magmatic mechanism although hydrothermal explosions also occurred. The character of the magma fragmented by explosions (highly viscous, phenocryst-rich, variable microlite content) determined the bimodal distributions of juvenile clast density and vesicularity. Thickness of the deposits fluctuates in proximal areas but in general decreases with distance from the crater, and laterally from the axial region. The proximal stratigraphy of the blast deposits comprises four layers named A, B, C, D from bottom to top. Layer A is represented by very poorly sorted debris with admixtures of vegetation and soil, with a strongly erosive ground contact; its appearance varies at different sites due to different ground conditions at the time of the blasts. The layer reflects intense turbulent boundary shear between the basal part of the energetic head of the PDC and the substrate. Layer B exhibits relatively well-sorted fines-depleted debris with some charred plant fragments; its deposition occurred by rapid suspension sedimentation in rapidly waning, high-concentration conditions. Layer C is mainly a poorly sorted massive layer enriched by fines with its uppermost part laminated, created by rapid sedimentation under moderate-concentration, weakly tractive conditions, with the uppermost laminated part reflecting a dilute depositional regime with grain-by-grain traction deposition. By analogy to laboratory experiments, mixing at the flow head of the PDC created a turbulent dilute wake above the body of a gravity current, with layer B deposited by the flow body and layer C by the wake. The uppermost layer D of fines and accretionary lapilli is an ash fallout deposit of the finest particles from the high-rising buoyant thermal plume derived from the sediment-depleted pyroclastic density current. The strong similarity among these eruptions and their deposits suggests that these cases represent similar source, transport and depositional phenomena.  相似文献