扇三角洲序列样式及其控制因素：以伊通地堑为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

解习农  孙永传 《地球科学》1993,18(6):749-756

扇三角洲沉积是伊通地堑主要沉积体系，地堑内发育水下水道型和水下水道一河口坝复合型扇三角洲，完整的扇三角洲序包括进积，加积和退积３个阶段，在不同的构造沉降和沉积物供给条件下，形成了３种各具特色的扇三角洲序列样式，即缓慢沉降和低速沉积物供给型，快速沉降和低速沉积物供给型，快速沉降和高速沉积物供给型。  相似文献   

东海大陆架地貌分区     

邓光辉  周长振 《上海国土资源》1990,(4):7-15

根据第一海洋地质调查大队丰富的调查资料和已有成果,对东海大陆架初步划分了12个地貌单元,从空间上、时间上探讨三角洲、古滨海平原等地貌发育史,首次提出东海陆架上发育有特殊的构造地貌单元——断陷盆地,进一步确定古河口湾沙脊群的范围。  相似文献   

Two timescales in beach erosion due to decrease in sediment sources with special reference to the formation and reduction of the delta of the Kurobe River flowing into the Japan sea     

Yoshito Tsuchiya  Teruo Shibano  Hiroshi Suyama  Toshiaki Yoshimura 《Natural Hazards》1988,1(1):45-65

Beach erosion has advanced in many countries of the world, especially in Japan, because of a decrease in sediment sources from rivers and a lack of longshore sediment transport from the adjacent coasts due to coastal structures. The former cause concerns the reduction of river deltas due to a decrease in sediment input from the river. Two timescales important in beach erosion, a longer timescale which concerns a change in the location of the river mouth, and a shorter one which is due to a decrease in longshore sediment transport, are discussed in the formation and reduction of the delta of the Kurobe River. Based on these timescales, beach erosion control is considered.  相似文献   

酒泉盆地青西凹陷下沟组高分辨率层序分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪满福  王俊涛  唐飞  郑爱萍  程晓珍  文华国 《沉积学报》2008,26(4):624-631

主要应用Cross的高分辨率层序地层学理论及其技术方法,对酒西坳陷青西凹陷下沟组进行了层序地层划分,从中划分为2个长期和5个中期数十个短期基准面旋回层序,分析了不同级次的基准面旋回结构、叠加样式、分布模式,及其与储集砂体的发育关系,探讨了地层格架中生、储、盖组合和有利储集相带和铁白云石—钠长石质喷流岩的平面分布规律。  相似文献   

二连盆地白音查干凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组沉积相   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

岳信东  林春明  李艳丽  徐深谋  张志萍  漆滨汶  王秀林  张放东 《沉积学报》2008,26(4):593-601

根据岩心、电测曲线、录井、分析化验、地震等资料,研究了白音查干凹陷下白垩统腾格尔组沉积相类型和沉积特征,以及腾格尔组沉积相分布规律。结果表明,腾格尔组发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、湖泊和浊积扇4种沉积相,扇三角洲分布在北部陡坡,辫状河三角洲分布南部缓坡,从盆地边缘到盆地中心,沉积相由扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲沉积渐变为半深湖—深湖相沉积,在三角洲侧翼发育滨—浅湖相沉积,在三角洲前缘以及前三角洲和半深湖中发育浊积扇,整体呈南北分异、东西分化,这种沉积格局受盆地周边断层和古地形控制。扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲前缘亚相带仍然是油气聚集的重要相带,而与断层相关的其前缘近岸浊积扇是岩性油气藏勘探的有利目标。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组海相沉积环境分析   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

叶黎明  齐天俊  彭海燕 《沉积学报》2008,26(2):202-210

以地球化学指标为主,结合地层古生物和原生沉积构造等各方面的证据,进一步分析了鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组的沉积环境。泥岩样品的地球化学特征表明,由于受潮汐和海侵作用的影响,整个山西期盆地东部的沉积水体以混合水为主,其中硼元素反映了基准面长期旋回的变化特征,而Sr/Ba则是超长期的变化指标;从沉积构造和海相化石分布特征可知,在山西早期中等强度的潮汐作用直接影响了研究区的东南部,对三角洲沉积进行改造,到了山西中晚期三角洲进积作用增强,潮汐作用范围逐渐退至研究区东南缘;此外,地层的分布特点和沉积相也说明在整个山西期盆地东部地层和晋西地层联片沉积且属于同一三角洲沉积体系,东部的水下隆起还不足以阻隔水体形成湖盆,所以鄂尔多斯盆地东部山西组是发育在浅海陆棚基础上的三角洲沉积。  相似文献   

长江河口水下三角洲¹³⁷Cs地球化学分布特征   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张瑞  潘少明  汪亚平  高建华 《第四纪研究》2008,28(4):629-639

文章通过对长江口水下三角洲采集的10个柱状样放射性核素¹³⁷Cs的分析可以得知,长江口水下三角洲¹³⁷Cs剖面中均存在清晰的最大蓄积峰,其峰值比活度介于5.68±1.03～21.74±1.39Bq/kg之间,平均值为14.11±1.10Bq/kg,最大蓄积峰所处的深度为55～117cm。剖面中¹³⁷Cs最大蓄积峰应该与1963年的¹³⁷Cs散落沉降相对应。长江口水下三角洲的表层沉积物中的¹³⁷Cs比活度范围介于0～9.19±1.12Bq/kg之间,并且与长江流域其他地区的表层¹³⁷Cs比活度相一致。长江口水下三角洲可探测到的¹³⁷Cs比活度的最大深度范围在88～160cm的范围内变化,¹³⁷Cs蓄积总量为2361.30±174.38～17714.94±262.14Bq/m²,平均值为9664.97±100.05Bq/m²,¹³⁷Cs比活度的最大深度及¹³⁷Cs蓄积总量均表现出从岸向海逐渐增加的趋势。实测的¹³⁷Cs总量均大于长江流域的¹³⁷Cs背景值,说明了长江口水下三角洲的¹³⁷Cs蓄积既有大气散落直接沉降的来源,又有流域侵蚀带来的¹³⁷Cs输入,并且主要以后者为主。通过放射性核素示踪模型分析长江口水下三角洲¹³⁷Cs散落蓄积特征可以得知,长江口水下三角洲¹³⁷Cs的蓄积以长江流域来源为主,说明了放射性核素¹³⁷Cs在长江口水下三角洲沉积物中的蓄积主要受流域侵蚀因素的影响。  相似文献   

Assessing the recent (1834 – 2002) morphological evolution of a rapidly prograding delta within a GIS framework: Macquarie Rivulet delta,Lake Illawarra,New South Wales     

C. A. Hopley  B. G. Jones  M. Puotinen 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1047-1056

The recent morphological evolution of Macquarie Rivulet delta, Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, has been assessed from historical parish maps from 1834, 1892, 1916 and 1927 along with aerial photographs from 1938 to 2002. These images were digitised, georeferenced and analysed in a GIS framework. The 1834 sketch map could not be georeferenced and it was excluded from the calculation of delta progradation areas. Between 1892 and 1927 morphological changes were minimal, probably because the areas were not resurveyed between these map editions. A significant change in morphology between 1927 and 1938 reflects a change in source material from maps to aerial photographs. The research highlights that great care must be taken when utilising historical data. Major morphological changes observed between 1938 and 2002 included the development of a large crevasse splay in the 1960s to 1970s and the abandonment and infilling of the delta's previously active distributary channels. The research shows that the morphological changes observed on the delta can be related to both natural processes and anthropogenic modifications to the catchment and thus could be used in the development of catchment management plans.  相似文献   

Detecting coastline change from satellite images based on beach slope estimation in a tidal flat     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

Beach heights and tidal variation have large impacts on the accuracy of estimates of coastline position and its historical changes of a wider and flatter beach based on remote sensing data. This study presents an approach to analysis of waterline movement based on the beach slope, estimated from two effective images with Landsat images data. Two images acquired at different stages of the tide were processed to delineate accurately the position of the waterline. Then waterlines were assigned heights using elevations predicted by a two-dimensional non-linear tidal assimilation model. Beach slope can be calculated piecewise using the heighted shorelines based on the equiangular triangle theory. The positions of the national tidal height datum coastline can be obtained by the beach slope calculation method to accurately monitor the changing of coastline. A change in the coastline of the southwest tidal flat of the Yellow River delta, from Tianshuigou to the Xiaoqing River mouth, was detected by combining field measurements of profiles and bathymetric data. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of the calculated slope of the intertidal zone was one order of magnitude less than the measured slope. The minimum error of self-consistency check is 0.2%. The RMSE between the coastlines estimated by the proposed method and those surveyed data varies from 53.98 m to 217.72 m. It is shown that this method is more suitable for the two years and over the time scales of shoreline change monitoring. To assess erosion/accretion patterns in the tidal flat, and the controlling factors, the volume of the beach was investigated as a possible indicator. The accepted coastline position and changes in the beach volume were used to monitor the changing pattern of accretion and erosion along the coast southwest of the recent Yellow River mouth.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary depositional history of the Reuss delta,Switzerland: constraints from high‐resolution seismic reflection and georadar surveys     

Frank O. Nitsche  Alan G. Green  Heinrich Horstmeyer  Frank Büker 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(2):131-143

Glacial erosion has caused overdeepening of many alpine valleys. After retreat of the ice, they were filled with heterogeneous deposits of glacial, lacustrine and fluvial sediments. A typical example of such a valley segment and its infill is the Reuss delta on the southern shore of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. To obtain a detailed three‐dimensional image of this valley segment, the ETH Institute of Geophysics has acquired several two‐dimensional, high‐resolution seismic and georadar profiles, and conducted a three‐dimensional georadar survey. Interpretations of these geophysical data were constrained by a geological core extracted from a borehole 300 m deep near the investigation site. The seismic profiles imaged ca. 600 m of sediment infill above bedrock. Based on their reflection characteristics, five different deposition units were distinguished. These units were interpreted as a succession of clay/silt at the base, followed by different sand units with variable but generally increasing amounts of gravel. This succession represented a prograding delta that filled the southern part of Lake Lucerne. The latest fluvial development of the region is best represented by the georadar data. In particular, the three‐dimensional georadar data set provides a detailed view of an ancient braided river channel Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献