Erodibility of low‐compaction steep‐sloped reclaimed surface mine lands in the southern Appalachian region,USA          下载免费PDF全文

Siavash Hoomehr  John S. Schwartz  Daniel Yoder  Eric C. Drumm  Wesley Wright 《水文研究》2015,29(3):321-338

The use of loose spoils on steep slopes for surface coal mining reclamation sites has been promoted by the US Department of Interior, Office of Surface Mining for the establishment of native forest, as prescribed by the Forest Reclamation Approach (FRA). Although low‐compaction spoils improve tree survival and growth, erodibility on steep slopes was suspected to increase. This study quantified a combined K_C factor (combining the effects of the soil erodibility K factor and cover management C) for low compaction, steep‐sloped (>20°) reclaimed mine lands in the Appalachian region, USA. The combined K_C factor was used because standard Unit Plot conditions required to separate these factors, per Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) experimental protocols, were not followed explicitly. Three active coal mining sites in the Appalachian region of East Tennessee, each containing four replicate field plots, were monitored for rainfall and sediment yields during a 14‐month period beginning June 2009. Average cumulative erosivity for the study sites during the monitoring period was measured as 5248.9 MJ·mm·ha^?1·h^?1. The K_C ranged between 0.001 and 0.05 t·ha·h·ha^?1·MJ^?1·mm^?1, with the highest values occurring immediately following reclamation site construction as rills developed (June – August 2009). The K_C for two study sites with about an 18–20 mm spoil D₈₄ were above 0.01 t·ha·h·ha^?1·MJ^?1·mm^?1 during rill development, and below 0.003 t·ha·h·ha^?1·MJ^?1·mm^?1 after August 2009 for the post‐rill development period. The K_C values for one site with a 40 mm spoil D₈₄ were never above 0.008 t·ha·h·ha^?1·MJ^?1·mm^?1 and also on average were lower, being more similar to the other two sites after the rill development period. Based on an initial K_C factor (K_e) measured during the first few storm events, the average C factor (C_e) was estimated as 0.58 for the rill development period and 0.13 for the post‐rill development period. It appears that larger size fractions of spoils influence K_C and C_e factors on low‐compaction steep slopes reclamation sites. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Concentration–discharge relationships in the coal mined region of the New River basin and Indian Fork sub‐basin,Tennessee, USA          下载免费PDF全文

J. C. Murphy  G. M. Hornberger  R. G. Liddle 《水文研究》2014,28(3):718-728

For many basins, identifying changes to water quality over time and understanding current hydrologic processes are hindered by fragmented and discontinuous water‐quality and hydrology data. In the coal mined region of the New River basin and Indian Fork sub‐basin, muted and pronounced changes, respectively, to concentration–discharge (C–Q) relationships were identified using linear regression on log‐transformed historical (1970s–1980s) and recent (2000s) water‐quality and streamflow data. Changes to C–Q relationships were related to coal mining histories and shifts in land use. Hysteresis plots of individual storms from 2007 (New River) and the fall of 2009 (Indian Fork) were used to understand current hydrologic processes in the basins. In the New River, storm magnitude was found to be closely related to the reversal of loop rotation in hysteresis plots; a peak‐flow threshold of 25 cubic meters per second (m³/s) segregates hysteresis patterns into clockwise and counterclockwise rotational groups. Small storms with peak flow less than 25 m³/s often resulted in dilution of constituent concentrations in headwater tributaries like Indian Fork and concentration of constituents downstream in the mainstem of the New River. Conceptual two or three component mixing models for the basins were used to infer the influence of water derived from spoil material on water quality. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于DInSAR技术与WorldView-2影像的煤矿塌陷区信息提取研究     

程玉书  郭凌飞  朱琳  张冉  李昕荷 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(7):91-93

结合DIn SAR与World View-2光学遥感解译技术,对研究区进行多源数据处理,提取研究地区的煤矿塌陷区信息,然后对处理后的两种结果进行对比。二者既有区别,又可以互补,最终在研究区形成完整的塌陷区信息。  相似文献   

采空区输气管道弹性变形分析     

魏威 《矿产与地质》2016,(5):833-836

近年来输气管道工程的大规模建设,其不可避免地要通过一些煤矿采空沉陷区和地质构造复杂区域。煤矿采空沉陷区的地表移动变形必然会使上覆的输气管道发生变形、甚至破坏,因此,分析与预测煤矿采空区地埋输气管道的安全性具有重要意义。本文以西气东输一线为例,依据弹性理论分析计算,当管道下伏分别为土体和岩体时,输气管道破坏时的岩土体垮塌宽度,并统计在垮塌影响范围一定的条件下,岩土体垮塌宽度与管道变形及最小曲率半径之间的规律。结果表明,管道的弯曲变形与垮塌宽度之间呈递增关系。  相似文献   

白杨河矿区煤层气丛式井钻井难点及对策研究          下载免费PDF全文

毛志新  谢相军  汤建江 《探矿工程》2016,43(12):37-40

新疆阜康市白杨河矿区煤层气开发利用先导性示范工程是新疆第一个煤层气示范工程项目。白杨河矿区总体构造为向南倾斜的单斜构造,地层倾角大,煤层多且间距大。该示范工程开发方案主要井型为丛式井。经过多年钻井实践,丛式井钻井技术在鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气区块已经非常成熟,初步形成了一套适合该地区煤层气开发的丛式井钻井技术。由于白杨河矿区地质条件与鄂尔多斯盆地东缘各区块相比差异大,特别是存在地层倾角大、煤层多且间距大等地质特点,因此不能完全照搬原有的丛式井钻井技术。本文依据白杨河矿区地质资料,分析了白杨河矿区煤层气丛式井钻井难点,对解决该区块钻井难点的技术对策和攻关思路进行了总结与阐述,初步形成了一套适合白杨河矿区大倾角厚煤层的丛式井钻井技术。  相似文献   

山东济宁许厂煤矿下组煤瓦斯与二氧化碳开发利用前景及存在的问题          下载免费PDF全文

田立强  范士彦 《山东国土资源》2016,32(10)

许厂煤矿下组煤中蕴藏着较为丰富的瓦斯、二氧化碳资源。下组煤位于瓦斯风化带内,含瓦斯、二氧化碳和氮气等气体,瓦斯含量与埋藏深度呈正相关关系,主要存在低含量瓦斯、二氧化碳抽采率、二氧化碳资源化转换等技术方面的问题。从国家相关优惠政策、资源优势、煤与煤层气一体化开发技术、近水平长钻孔定向钻进技术、煤层压裂造缝技术、煤层注气增产技术和瓦斯、二氧化碳气体提纯技术等关键技术的发展程度,结合煤矿的下组煤层的开采方案,认为许厂煤矿有着较好的煤炭与瓦斯、二氧化碳一体化开发利用前景。  相似文献   

基于Neuman井流理论确定玄武岩潜水含水层渗透系数的应用——以吉林靖宇煤矿为例          下载免费PDF全文

段乃金  陈刚  候海巅  徐建 《山东国土资源》2016,32(10)

全面分析研究区玄武岩潜水含水层水文地质条件的基础上,对稳定流和非稳定理论确定潜水含水层渗透系数的优缺点进行了对比,认为非稳定井流公式确定玄武岩潜水含水层渗透系数是合理的。Aquifer Test软件基于Neuman井流理论配线法求参原理,运用计算机完成了自动求参,避免了人工配线的不足。该文根据吉林靖宇煤矿研究区玄武岩潜水含水层非稳定流抽水试验,分别用Aquifer Test软件和稳定井流公式进行了求参,并对比分析得出:玄武岩含水层弹性释水作用影响时间较长,利用Neuman潜水井流公式求参可靠,且更逼近现实;用Aquifer Test软件实现了自动求参,具有操作简单规范、可比性好的优点。  相似文献   

二维地震勘探在伊南煤田伊昭井田的应用          下载免费PDF全文

秦守萍 《山东国土资源》2016,32(10)

在地震地质条件不利的情况下,确定了合理的野外数据采集方法;根据二维地震的目的任务,运用了合理的数据采集方法,采用了较好的技术措施解决了地震资料处理及解译中存在的技术难点,包括静校正问题、干扰波的去除、分辨率的提高、波组分析、层位标定、断点解释等。在覆盖层厚度、煤层底板、煤层露头、构造解释、火烧区推测等方面取得了较可靠的勘探成果,为后续全井田勘探布局发挥了指导性作用。  相似文献   

青海省祁连县大拉洞柏杨沟矿区煤岩层对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

王立刚  于松  冯园园  赵宝聚  魏伟  王琳琳  薛玉琴 《山东国土资源》2016,32(9)

通过研究太原组的沉积特征及聚煤变化规律,采用了标志层、煤岩层组合特征、层间距、测井曲线形态等方法,对矿区内煤层、岩层进行了综合对比。确定了该区主要煤层的赋存层位、形态、分布及变化特征,对周边地区找煤工作具有一定的指导作用。  相似文献   

伊犁盆地伊昭井田煤层煤质特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

裴重举  秦守萍  仇晓华 《山东国土资源》2016,32(2)

伊昭井田位于伊犁盆地中西部,煤层资源储量36亿t。赋煤层位为侏罗世水西沟群西山窑组,共含煤12层,其中可采煤层6层,3号煤层和5号煤层为井田主采煤层。对各煤层特征进行了研究,总结了各煤层特征及赋存规律及各煤层煤质特征及工业利用方向。对指导伊犁盆地的煤炭勘查、开发利用及生产布局具有积极意义。  相似文献