Comparative Studies on Uptake Pathway of Cadmium by Perna viridis     

FANG Zhanqiang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(1):49-54

Experiments were designed to expose the filter-feeding bivalve Perna viridis to different Cd-contaminated water environments in order to compare the different pathways through which Cd is accumulated. Results show that mussels can accumulate Cd through seawater, food, sediment and suspended particle pathways in a short period of time. Mussels＇ uptake of Cd through the seawater pathway reaches the highest concentration approximately 3 and 9 times larger than through the algae and sediment pathways respectively after 7 d. This indicates that the Cd-accumulation through seawater is most efficient. Results also indicate that the uptake directly through contaminated algae, particles or sediments ingested by mussels is less important when compared with the uptake of Cd by mussels through the seawater pathway. Metal uptake pathways and mechanisms of bioaccumulation by marine bivalve are also discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Silicate-incorporated Hydroxyapatite          下载免费PDF全文

SHI Hebin ZHONG Hong LIU Yu DENG Jinyang 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(3):517-522

This article reports a preliminary research on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite as a new environmental mineral used to remove cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was prepared by coprecipitation and calcining, and silicate was incorporated into the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite by partial substitution of phosphate. The amount of cadmium ions removed by silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was significantly elevated, which was 76% higher than that of pure hydroxyapatite. But the sorption behavior of cadmium ions on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was similar to that of pure hydroxyapatite. Morphological study revealed that silicate incorporation confined the crystal growth and increased the specific surface area of hydroxyapatite, which were in favor of enhancing the cadmium ion sorption capacity of the samples. Incorporation of silicate into hydroxyapatite seems to be an effective approach to improve the environmental property of hydroxyapatite on removal of aqueous cadmium ions.  相似文献   

云南金顶超大型铅锌矿区镉的地球化学特征及其环境效应   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李航  叶霖  肖唐付  潘自平  何立斌  孙嘉龙  宁增平  彭景权 《矿物学报》2007,27(2):225-232

云南金顶铅锌矿是镉元素富集区,采矿活动导致镉元素释放出来进入地表环境造成镉污染。矿区不同岩石中镉分布差异比较大,围岩中镉含量范围在50×10-6~650×10-6之间,平均310×10-6,原生矿中镉含量范围14×10-6~2800×10-6,平均767×10-6,氧化矿中镉含量范围110×10-6~8200×10-6,平均1661×10-6,其平均值最高。氧化矿是镉元素的主要载体和释放源。淋滤实验表明矿石易氧化而释放出镉等有害元素,滤出元素可以迅速发生沉淀或被沉淀物包裹,其能力表现为Zn>Pb>Cd。研究结果表明,矿区下游江河段水体中隔的平均值为15.7μg/L,悬浮物中镉平均值为49.3 mg/kg,沉积物中镉平均值为203.7 mg/kg。矿区富镉岩石和矿物的自然风化是造成江水体和沉积物中镉污染的直接原因,对流域水生态环境造成潜在危害。  相似文献   

土壤对镉离子的竞争吸附研究——以北京城近郊为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王亚平潘小菲  许春雪冯绍元 王苏明 《岩矿测试》2007,26(4):251-256

对分别采自北京城近郊丰台区北天堂村、大兴区庑殿村、通州区永乐店镇、海淀区四季青乡和朝阳区来广营乡5个典型地区的土壤进行了Cd^2＋-Na^＋、Cd^2＋-Ca^2＋、Cd^2＋-Zn^2＋双阳离子竞争性静态吸附试验。结果表明，在不改变土壤的物理化学性质条件下，多种离子共同竞争吸附时，其吸附过程与单个外源金属阳离子的吸附结果不同；不同类型土壤对镉的吸附受钠、钙、锌离子的影响不是单方面的抑制作用或促进作用，影响机制随着外源镉离子浓度和外源钠、钙、锌离子浓度的大小而各异，而且其影响程度也有所不同。  相似文献   

北京城近郊区土壤对镉的吸附特征研究     

许春雪潘小菲  王亚平王迪民 《岩矿测试》2005,24(3):161-166

在0．1～1200mg／L不同Cd^2＋浓度条件下，进行了五个地区土壤对重金属Cd^2＋的静态吸附实验。土壤分别采自于北京城近郊丰台区北天堂村、大兴区庑殿村、通州区永乐店镇、海淀区四季青乡和朝阳区来广营乡五个地区。实验结果表明：常温常压下，土壤对Cd^2＋的吸附量与加入到土壤中的Cd^2＋总量呈现出一定的正相关。四季青、永乐店的重粉质壤土、庑殿的中粉质壤土及北天堂的轻壤土对Cd^2＋的吸附量S与土壤溶液中的平衡浓度C都基本满足直线拟合。在相同外源Cd^2＋浓度下，土壤对Cd^2＋的吸附量为：庑殿的中粉质壤土〉四季青的重粉质壤土〉永乐店的重粉质壤土〉来广营的重粉质壤土〉北天堂的轻壤土。在所拟实验条件下，土壤对镉的吸附很大程度上受到土壤有机质含量、土壤的粘粒和粉粒所占比例的控制，而酸碱度pH和氧化还原电位Eh对类型不同的土壤的吸附影响效应不很明显。  相似文献   

内标和快速共沉淀-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中的镉   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苏耀东  秦立俊李静 陈龙武 《岩矿测试》2005,24(3):201-204

探讨了用火焰原子吸收法测定以（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘酚-Ni（Ⅱ）为共沉淀体系，以Mn（Ⅱ）为内标，在pH=9．0的条件下快速共沉淀分离富集食盐中的痕量Cd。当试液为100mL时，方法的检出限为5．7μg/L，加标回收率为96％～101％，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=6）〈5％，基本消除了基体干扰。  相似文献   

Heavy Metal Contents in Soft-Bottom Marine Macrophytes and Sediments Along the Mediterranean Coast of Spain     

Carles Sanchiz  Antonio M. García-Carrascosa  & Augustin Pastor 《Marine Ecology》2000,21(1):1-16

Abstract. Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined in sediment and in tissues of five species of soft-bottom marine macrophytes ( Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera noltii, Ruppia cirrhosa and Caulerpa prolifera ) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Levels of metals were low in most of the sampling stations and similar to those found by other authors in uncontaminated zones. Certain locations, however, showed some degree of contamination (Cambrils, Almassora, Alacant, Mar Menor and El Portús). In Santa Pola we found high contents of metals in one sample of sediment due to the high proportion of the fine fraction (particules < 63µm) and organic matter, but not in the seagrass species. Mercury and zinc concentrations in the sediment are correlated to those in at least some anatomic fractions of Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa and Caulerpa prolifera , suggesting that these species reflect the levels of these metals in the environment. Lead contents in the alga Caulerpa prolifera are also correlated to those in the sediment, while no significant correlations were obtained for cadmium. Among the species studied, Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa seem to be better biomonitors than Caulerpa prolifera .  相似文献   

水稻吸收Cd的地球化学控制因素研究——以苏锡常典型区为例   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

廖启林 刘 聪 王 轶 金 洋朱伯万  任静华曹 磊 《中国地质》2015,(5):1621-1632

对苏锡常地区416套稻米-耕层土样品Cd等元素含量的解剖研究,证实了土壤Cd、Zn、Se、p H、OM、CEC等是控制稻米Cd的重要地球化学因素。相关统计分析结果显示:1)酸性土壤环境中当稻米Cd的BCF值大于10%时,稻米Cd与土壤Cd、Zn呈显著正相关,相关系数大于0.67。土壤Cd的生物有效量普遍较高,土壤中酸可溶态Cd与稻米Cd含量的相关系数大于0.7,接近或稍高于稻米与土壤Cd的相关性;2)土壤Se、OM、CEC均能抑制水稻对土壤Cd的吸收,在一定条件下稻米Cd与土壤Se、OM、CEC之间显著负相关,相关系数均小于-0.5;3)土壤酸化可促进稻米对土壤Cd的吸收,当土壤Cd0.2 mg/kg、OM变化于2.5%~6.5%时,稻米Cd与土壤p H呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.6;4)水稻不同器官中Cd含量不同,从根部→地上部→稻米Cd含量渐次降低,指示根部水稻器官在稻米从土壤吸收Cd的过程中发挥了更大作用、水稻根系吸收的Cd多积聚于根部。  相似文献   

Effect of sodium chloride and cadmium on the growth,oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii     

Chunsheng Li  Ying Xu  Wei Jiang  Xin Lv  Xiaoyan Dong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(3):460-466

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a salt-tolerant yeast species capable of removing cadmium(Cd) pollutant from aqueous solution. Presently, the physiological characteristics of Z. rouxii under the stress of sodium chloride(NaCl) and Cd are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of NaCl and Cd on the growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii after stress treatment for 24 h. Results showed that NaCl or Cd alone negatively affected the growth of Z. rouxii, but the growth-inhibiting effect of Cd on Z. rouxii was reduced in the presence of NaCl. Flow cytometry assay showed that under Cd stress, NaCl significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and cell death of Z. rouxii compared with those in the absence of NaCl. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD) of Z. rouxii were significantly enhanced by 2%–6% NaCl, which likely contributed to the high salt tolerance of Z. rouxii. The POD activity was inhibited by 20 mg L-1Cd while the SOD and CAT activities were enhanced by 8 mg L-1 Cd and inhibited by 20 mg L-1 or 50 mg L-1 Cd. The inhibitory effect of high-level Cd on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Z. rouxii was counteracted by the combined use of NaCl, especially at 6%. This probably accounted for the decrease in Cd-induced ROS production and cell death of Z. rouxii after incubation with NaCl and Cd. Our work provided physiological clues as to the use of Z. rouxii as a biosorbent for Cd removal from seawater and liquid highly salty food.  相似文献   

Effects of contamination of single and combined cadmium and mercury on the soil microbial community structural diversity and functional diversity     

Xiaomei Xie  Min Liao  Aili Ma  Haijun Zhang 《中国地球化学学报》2011,30(3):366-374

To assess the effects of single and combined pollution of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) on soil micro-bial community structural and functional diversities, an incubation experiment was conducted, by employing two soils, namely, the marine sediment silty loam soil and the yellowish-red soil, in which five levels of Cd, Hg and Cd and Hg in combination were added. After being incubated for 56 days, the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile and sole carbon source utilization pattern (BIOLOG) of the samples were tested. The results showed that the compo-sition of the microbial communities changed significantly at different levels of metals application. The principal component analyses (PCA) of PLFAs indicated that the structure of the microbial community was also significantly altered with increasing levels of metals, with increasing PLFAs biomarkers for fungi and actinomycetes, and in-creasing ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria. Sole carbon source utilization pattern analysis revealed that single and combined application of Cd and Hg inhibited significantly the functional activity of soil microorgan-isms, the functional diversity indices [Richness (S), Shannon-Wiener indices (H) and Evenness (EH)] were signifi-cantly lower in polluted soils than those in non-polluted soils, which also significantly altered with increasing levels of metals. PCA for the sole carbon source utilization pattern also indicated that the metal contamination could result in a variable soil microbial community. The results revealed that the combination of Cd and Hg had higher toxicity to soil microbial community structural and functional diversities than the individual application of Cd or Hg.  相似文献