A new analytical expression for ultimate specific yield and shallow groundwater drainage          下载免费PDF全文

Dong‐hui Cheng  Yu‐hong Wang  Ji‐bo Duan  Xunhong Chen  Sheng‐ke Yang 《水文研究》2015,29(8):1905-1911

The ultimate specific yield, i.e. the specific yield under steady‐state condition, is generally dependent on the water table depth in the shallow groundwater systems. This paper presents a new expression to describe this relationship. The expression is based on the relationship between soil water content–soil depths below ground surface near the saturation zone, i.e. water content profile, which can be fitted by the van Genuchten model. Because this model is highly nonlinear, a Taylor series expansion was used to solve the integral equation for specific yield in our study. The new expression was verified by a drainage experiment, and the results demonstrated that the new expression is reliable for eolian sand when the range of water table fluctuation is less than 30 cm. The expression is easily applicable because knowledge of the water content profile near the saturation zone is the only requirement. Compared with the expression obtained from the Brooks–Corey model, the new expression can be used for a variety of aquifer and soil media. The improved accuracy of the specific yield provides a better estimate of discharge rates in shallow groundwater systems with water table fluctuations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

低渗储层多孔介质渗吸系数的分形分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

蔡建超  赵春明  谭吕  胡祥云 《地质科技情报》2011,30(5):54-59

水自发渗吸驱油是低渗裂缝性油藏的重要采油机理,分析渗吸影响因素,研究油藏渗吸潜力,有效地利用渗吸效应,对提高石油采收率具有重要意义.系统分析了油藏渗吸及渗吸系数的研究现状,进而基于储层岩石孔隙结构的分形特征,推导了平均实际流速与平均直线流速的关系,考虑原始水饱和度的影响,建立了低渗油藏多孔介质渗吸系数的分形模型.结果表...  相似文献   

应用核磁共振测井资料评价储层孔隙结构的改进方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏俊磊  孙建孟  王涛  张守伟 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,(Z1):380-386

通过对实验室压汞资料和核磁共振测量资料的对比分析,利用确定压汞孔径分布曲线孔径rc左右边界的方法确定核磁共振T2谱与孔喉半径rc的横向转换系数,利用改进二维分段等面积刻度方法确定其纵向转换系数,使得计算得到的伪毛管压力曲线与实验室压汞测量的毛管压力曲线基本一致。另外,对各种转换系数进行建模,实现在无实验室压汞资料情况下获得定量、连续、高精度的伪毛管压力曲线和孔隙结构参数。将研究成果用于复杂储层评价中,可进行储层分类和估算产能。  相似文献   

高效毛细管电泳法测定海参多糖的单糖组成   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨洁  姜廷福  王远红  吕志华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):344-348

目的:采用高效毛细管电泳法测定3种不同海参多糖的单糖组成。方法:海参多糖水解后,经PMP衍生化,高效毛细管电泳分析。电泳条件:缓冲液为60 mmol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH=9.0);柱温25℃;运行电压25 kV;检测波长245 nm;压力进样50 mbar,进样时间5 s。结果:3种不同海参多糖中均含GalN、GlcN、GalNAC、Glc、Man、Fuc、Gal、GlcUA,梅花参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶1.02∶1.63∶1.19∶1.02∶10.26∶0.82∶0.38,四方刺参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.41∶0.43∶0.56∶0.29∶5.47∶0.43∶0.25,北极参多糖中各单糖的摩尔比为1.00∶0.26∶0.22∶0.25∶0.06∶1.36∶0.27∶0.16。结论:该方法具有简单、快速、分离效率高等特点,能同时测定海参多糖中氨基糖、中性糖、糖醛酸的组成。  相似文献   

Influence of soil moisture hysteresis on the functioning of capillary barriers     

Qi Zhang  Adrian D. Werner  Raden F. Aviyanto  John L. Hutson 《水文研究》2009,23(9):1369-1375

Previous experimental studies of capillary barriers have identified highly hysteretic soil moisture retention characteristics in the materials used. In this study, numerical modelling is used to analyse the role of soil moisture hysteresis in capillary barrier functioning. Comparisons between published experimental results and model simulations indicate that soil moisture hysteresis was a necessary inclusion in the modelling approach to adequately reproduce pore water pressure distributions and the timing of breakthrough occurrences. Under hypothetical intermittent infiltration and evaporation conditions, the predicted volumetric water content in the moisture retention layer was significantly different for hysteretic and non‐hysteretic models. The hysteresis effect was found to be dependent on the nature of infiltration–evaporation cycling, although the predicted volume of flow through the hysteretic barrier was lower than that of the non‐hysteretic case, regardless of the nature of the cyclic upper boundary conditions. For practical engineering designs, where the water leakage through the barrier is the primary concern, the inclusion of soil moisture hysteresis in numerical modelling is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of runoff and sediment yield in a small agricultural watershed with KINEROS2 / Analyse d'incertitude et de sensibilité des simulations d'écoulement et de transport solide de KINEROS2 dans un petit bassin versant agricole     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)

Abstract

Using the Monte Carlo (MC) method, this paper derives arithmetic and geometric means and associated variances of the net capillary drive parameter, G, that appears in the Parlange infiltration model, as a function of soil texture and antecedent soil moisture content. Approximate expressions for the arithmetic and geometric statistics of G are also obtained, which compare favourably with MC generated ones. This paper also applies the MC method to evaluate parameter sensitivity and predictive uncertainty of the distributed runoff and erosion model KINEROS2 in a small experimental watershed. The MC simulations of flow and sediment related variables show that those parameters which impart the greatest uncertainty to KINEROS2 model outputs are not necessarily the most sensitive ones. Soil hydraulic conductivity and wetting front net capillary drive, followed by initial effective relative saturation, dominated uncertainties of flow and sediment discharge model outputs at the watershed outlet. Model predictive uncertainty measured by the coefficient of variation decreased with rainfall intensity, thus implying improved model reliability for larger rainfall events. The antecedent relative saturation was the most sensitive parameter in all but the peak arrival times, followed by the overland plane roughness coefficient. Among the sediment related parameters, the median particle size and hydraulic erosion parameters dominated sediment model output uncertainty and sensitivity. Effect of rain splash erosion coefficient was negligible. Comparison of medians from MC simulations and simulations by direct substitution of average parameters with observed flow rates and sediment discharges indicates that KINEROS2 can be applied to ungauged watersheds and still produce runoff and sediment yield predictions within order of magnitude of accuracy.  相似文献   

Energy considerations in groundwater‐ridging mechanism of streamflow generation          下载免费PDF全文

George W. Waswa  Simon A. Lorentz 《水文研究》2015,29(23):4932-4946

Groundwater ridging is the rapid rise of a shallow water table during a rainfall event, in an environment where, in the pre‐event period, the capillary fringe extends to the ground surface. Groundwater ridging is widely cited to account for the observed significant appearance of pre‐event water in a stream stormflow hydrograph. Various hypotheses have been advanced to explain the groundwater‐ridging mechanism; and most recently, from a field study site in South Africa, an energy hypothesis was proposed, which explains that groundwater‐ridging water‐table rise is a result of rapid introduction and transmission of additional pressure head into the capillary fringe from an intense rainfall at the ground surface. However, there is a need for further analysis and evidence from other field study sites to confirm and support this newly proposed energy hypothesis. The objectives of this paper are, therefore, as follows: to review previous observations on groundwater ridging, from other study sites, in order to deduce evidence of the newly proposed energy hypothesis; to present and evaluate a one‐dimensional diffusion mathematical model that can simulate groundwater‐ridging water‐table rise, based on the newly proposed energy hypothesis; and to evaluate the importance of a capillary fringe in streamflow generation. Analysis of previous observations from other study sites generally indicated that the rate of groundwater‐ridging water‐table rise is directly related to the rainfall intensity, hence confirming and agreeing with the newly proposed energy hypothesis. Additionally, theoretical results by the mathematical model agreed fairly well with the field results observed under natural rainfall, confirming that the rapidly rainfall‐induced energy is diffusively transmitted downwards through pore water, elevating the pressure head at every depth. The results in this study also support the concept of a three‐end‐member stream stormflow hydrograph and contribute to the explanation of how catchments can store water for long periods but then release it rapidly during storm events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Micromechanics of saturated and unsaturated porous media     

Xavier Chateau  Luc Dormieux 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2002,26(8):831-844

The homogenization method is used to determine the formulation of the behaviour of both saturated and unsaturated porous media. This approach makes it possible to assess the validity of the effective stress concept as a function of the properties of the porous media at the microscopic scale. Furthermore, the influence of the morphologies of the solid and fluid phases on the macroscopic behaviour is studied. The strain induced by drying is examined as a function of the morphological properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Engineering Characteristics of the Lightweight Air-Mixed Soil (LWS) Containing Silty Marine Sediment     

L.-K. Park  Y.-K. Seo 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):202-217

This study was conducted to find out the characteristics of the lightweight air-mixed soil (LWS) used for a road embankment. Compressive strength, permeability, and capillary height of the LWS were studied, and to support these studies, its inside structure was analyzed in detail. Various size air pores exist in the LWS, and their distribution with a location is almost constant. Numerous tiny cracks formed by different grain sizes between in-situ soil (silty marine sediment) and solidificator exist inside the air pores so that the LWS can be affected by water. Peak strength of the LWS is found to be less dependent on the water, but the behavior of strength-strain was affected by water. Permeability is a little bit higher than clay's permeability. Capillary rise is rapid in the beginning of the test, and then slows down. The capillary rise can increase the density of the LWS, and thus requires special attention during design and maintenance of the structures, which were constructed with the LWS.  相似文献   

Morphed block-crack preferential sedimentation in a reservoir bed: a smart design and evolution in nature     

Said S. Al-Ismaily  Ali K. Al-Maktoumi  Anvar R. Kacimov  Said M. Al-Saqri  Hamad A. Al-Busaidi  Mansour H. Al-Haddabi 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(8):1779-1788

Abstract

A pedological study of the reservoir bed of Al-Khoud Dam, Oman, revealed an unusual sedimentation pattern which evolved into an intricate composition of silt blocks surrounded by vertical cracks and horizontal layers filled with a “proppant” sand. The discovered soil morphology reflects the complex topology of water motion (infiltration–seepage–evaporation) through the sand-filled cracks/layers and blocks during both the rare flood events and ensuing periods of ponding, and the long, intervening dry periods. These naturally formed soils demonstrate an ability to preserve a large quantity of water inside the silty blocks at depths of 0.5 to 1.5 m, despite the high temperature and dryness of the topsoil. The hydrological optimality and “smartness” of these soils is attributed to the unique block-crack system. Natural, lush vegetation was found in adjacent zones of the reservoir bed, and acted as a footprint of the shallow “fractured perched aquifer”. Planted “ivy” (Convolvulaceae) in the vertical face of one pedon showed intensive growth without irrigation. Soil moisture content data confirmed the hydrological immobility of water in the blocks if not depleted by transpiration. The novel phenomena reported unveil the possible alteration of soil heterogeneity for optimization of the soil–water system in arid zone soils.