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Cultivation, overgrazing, and overharvesting are seriously degrading forest and grassland ecosystems in the Taurus Mountains of the southern Mediterranean region of Turkey. This study investigated the effects of changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and other physical soil properties over a 12-year period in three adjacent ecosystems in a Mediterranean plateau. The ecosystems were cropland (converted from grasslands in 1990), open forest, and grassland. Soil samples from two depths, 0–10 and 10–20 cm, were collected for chemical and physical analyses at each of cropland, open forest, and grassland ecosystems. SOC pools at the 0–20 cm depth of cropland, forest, and grassland ecosystems were estimated at 32,636, 56,480, and 57,317 kg ha−1, respectively. Conversion of grassland into cropland during the 12-year period increased the bulk density by 10.5% and soil erodibility by 46.2%; it decreased SOM by 48.8%, SOC content by 43%, available water capacity (AWC) by 30.5%, and total porosity by 9.1% for the 0–20 cm soil depth (p<0.001). The correlation matrix revealed that SOC content was positively correlated with AWC, total porosity, mean weight diameter (MWD), forest, and grassland, and negatively with bulk density, pH, soil erodibility factor, and cropland. The multiple regression (MLR) models indicated that any two of the three ecosystems and one of the two soil depths accounted for 86.5% of variation in mean SOC values ((p<0.001). 相似文献
173.
Stable isotope data on humid tropical hydrology are scarce and, at present, no such data exist for Borneo. Delta18O, δ2H and δ13C were analysed on 22 water samples from different parts of the Sungai (river) Niah basin (rain, cave drip, rainforest pool, tributary stream, river, estuary, sea) in north‐central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This was done to improve understanding of the modern stable isotope systematics of the Sungai Niah basin, essential for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Quaternary stable isotope proxies preserved in the Great Cave of Niah. The Niah hydrology data are put into a regional context using the meteoric water line for Southeast Asia, as derived from International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization isotopes in precipitation network data. Although the Niah hydrological data‐set is relatively small, spatial isotopic variability was found for the different subenvironments of the Sungai Niah basin. A progressive enrichment occurs towards the South China Sea (δ18O ?4·6‰; δ2H ?29·3‰; δ13C ?4·8‰) from the tributary stream (δ18O ?8·4‰; δ2H ?54·7‰; δ13C ?14·5‰) to up‐river (δ18O c. ?8‰; δ2H c. ?51‰; δ13C c. ?12‰) and down‐river values (δ18O c. ?7·5‰; δ2H c. ?45‰; δ13C c. ?11‰). This is thought to reflect differential evaporation and mixing of different components of the water cycle and a combination of depleted biogenic δ13C (plant respiration and decay) with enriched δ13C values (due to photosynthesis, atmospheric exchange, mixing with limestone and marine waters) downstream. Cave drip waters are relatively enriched in δ13C as compared to the surface waters. This may indicate rapid degassing of the cave drips as they enter the cave atmosphere. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Yingbo DAI Jinxing & LI Jian Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development PetroChina Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(11)
Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H2S contents 1961 As the hazardous component of natural gas, the ex-istence of H2S, due to its extremely strong toxicity and corrosivity, not only decreases the percentage of hy-drocarbon gas within natural gas and reduces its in-dustrial value, it also threatens each aspect of drilling and exploitation. It frequently causes serious safety accidents[1] and leads to the E&P cost and risk of natural gas with higher H2S contents be… 相似文献
176.
土壤有机碳同位素样品制备过程的影响因素讨论 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
土壤有机碳同位素地球化学在气候和植被恢复方面的研究已得到广泛应用,但目前对不同类型、不同时代的土壤总有机碳同位素样品制备过程的系统研究较少.本文选取黄土高原不同地区、不同类型的现代土壤和古土壤,对其有机碳同位素样品制备过程进行了较系统的研究.( 1)去除土壤中无机碳酸盐对有机碳同位素组成的干扰:对于现代土壤样品,在室温条件下,用 0.5~ 6 mol/L HCl反应 1 d去除碳酸盐,均可获得理想数据;在 70 ℃反应条件下,用 0.5~ 2 mol/L HCl反应 2 h去除碳酸盐可获得理想数据,但用 6 mol/L HCl,δ 13C值偏负 0.65‰;( 2)在 850 ℃氧化温度条件下,样品制备加铜丝,对现代土壤及古土壤样品的δ 13C值均没有影响,结果表明在用封管法进行现代土壤及古土壤的有机碳同位素样品制备时,可以不加铜丝;( 3)对于有机碳含量较高的有机碳标准物质、植物和现代土壤样品,在 850 ℃氧化条件下,恒温 2.5 h,足以保证样品有机质氧化完全,不会产生同位素分馏;对于深层黄土和红粘土样品,由于样品体系复杂,在上述氧化条件下难以获得理想数据,合适的氧化条件有待进一步深入研究. 相似文献
177.
Geochemical Information Indicating the Water Recharge to Lakes and Immovable Megadunes in the Badain Jaran Desert 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
CHEN Jiansheng ZHAO Xi SHENG Xuefeng Wang Jiyang GU Weizu and CHEN Liang State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing Jiangsu E-mail: jschen@hhu.edu.cn Institute of Isotope Hydrology Research Hohai University Nanjing Jiangsu Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(4):540-546
1 Introduction The Badain Jaran Desert, located in western Inner Mongolia, China, has a unique landscape containing 144 lakes (72 of which are still watery) with a total water area of about 23 km2, and the world’s highest stationary sand dunes with a height between 200 m and 500 m. Much attention has been paid to the water recharge of the desert in the past decade. Investigations on the resources of water system there have been performed continuously since the early 1990s, which lead to th… 相似文献
178.
The variation of sediments organic carbon content in Chongming east tidal flat during Scirpus mariqueter growing stage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The investigations on the organic carbon (OC) of core sediments were carried out in Chongming east tidal flat (CM) during Scirpus mariqueter growing stage (from April to December 2004) in Yangtze Estuary. The Yangtze River annually transports a runoff discharge of 30,000 m3/s, carrying about 480 million tons of sediments to the estuarine and coastal area, which formed a great OC pool. In the sampling spots, seven quadrats of 50 cm × 50 cm and five sediments cores of 20 cm deep (40 cm deep in December) were randomly established in order to collect vegetations and core sediments samples during the low tide each month except November. After pretreatment, the core sediments were sieved and their OC contents were measured according to the potassium dichromate method. The results show that the higher surface sediment OC content in summer comes from allochthonous terrigenous particle settlements on the Chongming east middle tidal flat S. mariqueter zone. In autumn and winter, the decomposing of the defoliated S. mariqueter increases the surface sediments OC content. Settling velocity, sediment temperature and S. mariqueter growth are the main factors that can control the sediment carbon content. Summer is the "carbon losing" period of the tidal flat sediments, while from September, it changes into the "carbon accumulating" period of sediment OC pool because of the decomposing of dead S. mariqueter community in the sediments. From this alternation of "carbon losing" period and "carbon accumulating" period, we conclude that carbon in the OC pool of the middle tidal flat S. mariqueter zone sediments mainly comes from the atmospheric carbon rooted by S. mariqueter photosynthesis. 相似文献
179.
通过对腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头人工固沙区油蒿和柠条叶片稳定碳同位素分辨率(△)和N 含量的测定,研究了不同种植方式下油蒿和柠条叶片△ 和 N 含量的季节变化及其关系。结果表明:在不同种植方式下,两种植物的△ 与 N 含量在不同月份之间均存在显著差异。油蒿叶片 △ 极显著高于柠条的:在不同种植方式下,油蒿单种下 △ 显著高于混种,柠条则反之。 油蒿叶片 N 含量极显著低于柠条的:不同种植方式下柠条叶片 N 含量无显著差异,而单种油蒿叶片 N 含量则显著低于混种。在 △ 与 N 含量的关系中,柠条叶片 △ 与 N 在两种生境、单种和混种下均极显著正相关,雨明柠条叶片 N 含量可以作为其 △ 与 N 含量的季节变化及其关系在不同微生境有所差异。 相似文献
180.