吉林省茶尖岭矿区下二叠统范家屯组岩石成因及成矿分析     

鲍继文  曹希英  彭锐  孙雪峰 《地质与资源》2014,23(2):107-110

通过对茶尖岭矿区M28异常分布区的硫同位素分析结果及一些元素比值、微量元素及数值等特征的综合分析,结合有关岩矿鉴定等资料,认为M28异常分布区二叠系下统范家屯组地层岩石属于沉积成因.该地层在沉积成岩时,有机碳吸附了大量金属元素,以致范家屯组地层中银多金属具有较高的初始含量,为该异常区银多金属的成矿奠定了物质基础.  相似文献   

Graphitization of carbonaceous material in sedimentary rocks on short geologic time‐scales: An example from the Kinsho‐zan area,central Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Natsumi Mori  Simon Wallis  Hiroshi Mori 《Island Arc》2015,24(2):119-130

Initially amorphous carbonaceous material becomes more crystalline with heating. The structural change depends not only on the maximum attained temperature but also the time‐scale of heating. Raman spectroscopy of natural samples that have been heated for time‐scales of 10⁵ years or greater show that the degree of crystallinity has reached steady‐state. In contrast, laboratory studies show very little change in crystallinity of carbonaceous material (CM) after heating at 1000°C for a time of 3.5 weeks. Better constraints on the time‐scale for crystallization require experiments on time‐scales of years to thousands of years; such long time‐scales can only be derived from natural examples of CM‐bearing rocks that have been heated for a known length of time. Thermal modeling of contact metamorphism developed around a 13 m dike within the Akasaka Limestone in Gifu Prefecture shows the time‐scale of heating is of the order of 1–100 years. Raman spectroscopy reveals a significant increase in the crystallinity of the CM in a region within 3 m from the dike. A comparison between the temperature predicted for the contact aureole and the degree of crystallinity of the carbonaceous material shows that even close to the dike the CM has not reached steady‐state. This change began at over 550°C (modeled temperature) for a time‐scale of heating of a few years. Attaining steady‐state in the crystallization of CM under natural geological condition requires heating on time‐scales greater than about one hundred years. This study shows the utility of using natural laboratory studies to determine the kinetics of CM crystallization in rocks.  相似文献   

炭质页岩巴西劈裂载荷下破坏过程的时空特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜梦萍  潘鹏志  纪维伟  张振华  高要辉 《岩土力学》2016,37(12):3437-3446

页岩在加载过程中的破裂时机及其空间位置研究对于页岩气探测及储层评价具有重要意义,为此开展了不同层理倾角条件下页岩的巴西圆盘劈裂载荷下的破坏过程试验,采用数字图像相关技术（DIC）,全程跟踪页岩裂纹萌生、扩展和贯通全过程的变形场实时演化特征,同时记录力-位移曲线,利用扫描电镜获得炭质页岩的破裂面特征及微观结构,采用宏、细观相结合的手段,研究不同层理方向炭质页岩微裂缝起裂时间、空间位置和扩展规律及其破裂机制。结果表明：页岩的巴西劈裂强度随层理方向与加载方向角度的增大而逐渐增大;随加载方向与层理面夹角的增加,裂缝萌生的时间逐渐增加,而裂缝从萌生、扩展到贯通所用时间逐渐减少。所有角度试件基本从试件端部萌生裂缝并沿层理面扩展,除90°试件外,不同层理倾角试样主裂缝破裂的位置逐渐偏离中心位置而向试件外侧发展。各角度试件主破坏类型存在一定差异性,除90°试件竖向主裂缝为张拉破坏外,随加载方向与层理面夹角的增加,各加载角度试件的主破裂模式从张拉剪切破坏逐渐过渡为剪切滑移破坏。  相似文献   

还原性含碳质围岩在斑岩铜矿成矿中的作用     

李延河  段超  曾普胜  简伟  万秋  胡古月  赵晓燕  武晓珮 《地球学报》2020,41(5):637-650

斑岩铜矿是最重要的铜矿资源类型, 高氧逸度岩浆是公认的评价斑岩成矿的有效指标。硫在成矿岩浆中主要以硫酸盐形式存在, 在矿石中则以硫化物为主。什么触发了高氧化性成矿岩浆热液的还原与成矿？这是关系斑岩铜矿形成机制和高效评价的重大科学谜题。前人关注的焦点是成矿母岩浆的起源与演化, 还原性围岩在成矿中作用长期被忽视。还原性围岩主要有两种: 富碳质围岩和富亚铁围岩。本文在前人工作基础上, 以甲玛、德兴、普朗等大型-超大型斑岩铜矿为例, 研究了斑岩铜矿的空间分布与含碳质围岩之间的关系, 发现斑岩铜矿围岩中普遍发育黑色含碳质地层, 并在成矿过程中普遍发生褪色蚀变; 发现蚀变围岩和矿床中方解石和矿石矿物流体包裹体的δ13CV-PDB值普遍较低, 与沉积碳酸盐围岩的值显著不同。首次提出并论证了含碳质围岩中甲烷等还原性气体组分的加入可能是引发斑岩成矿系统氧化-还原转换和矿质沉淀的关键。CH4沿构造裂隙扩散进入斑岩成矿系统, 无需成矿斑岩与围岩直接接触即可将成矿溶液中SO2– 4还原, 解决了困扰矿床学家多年的一道难题。围岩中碳质含量高, 产生的甲烷数量大, 可将成矿热液中SO2– 4在斑岩体内全部还原, 形成金属硫化物沉淀, 则矿体主要产在斑岩体之内; 围岩中碳质含量低, 产生的甲烷数量不足, 则矿体主要赋存于斑岩体与围岩的内外接触带。含碳质围岩中还原组分即可在岩浆阶段加入, 也可在热液阶段加入。在岩浆阶段加入将造成岩浆还原, 形成“还原型斑岩”, 易导致成矿物质分散, 不利于形成大矿富矿; 在热液阶段加入, 对成矿更有利。“高氧化性斑岩+还原性富碳质地层/富铁火山岩”是高效评价斑岩成矿的新指标。  相似文献   

新疆西南天山萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床地质特征及成矿作用   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

杨富全  毛景文  王义天  李蒙文  叶会寿  叶锦华 《矿床地质》2005,24(3):206-227

根据大量的实际工作,并结合前人的研究成果,详细介绍了萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床的成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征,通过流体包裹体和同位素研究,对萨瓦亚尔顿金矿的成矿作用进行了深入讨论。研究结果表明,流体包裹体类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体、含NaCl子晶多相包裹体和含液相CO2的三相包裹体。成矿流体为中低温(78～355℃)、中低盐度[w(NaCleq)2．57％～22．10％]的H2O-NaCl-CO2-CH4体系。硫化物的δ^34S值变化于-3．0‰～ 2．61‰,平均值为0．07‰,暗示硫来自地幔或与地幔相关的岩浆。白云石和菱铁矿的δ^13CPDB值为-5．4‰～-0．6‰,表明成矿物质来自地幔及海相碳酸盐岩。氢和氧同位素显示成矿流体主要来源于大气降水,并混合少量岩浆水。萨瓦亚尔顿金矿与乌兹别克斯坦穆龙套金矿和吉尔吉斯斯坦库姆托尔金矿具有相似性,但它在浅成中-低温条件下成矿,且金、锑共生。物理化学条件和流体成分的改变、水-岩交换作用及流体的不混溶作用在成矿过程中起了重要作用。  相似文献   

Recent changes in diatom-inferred pH, heavy metals, and spheroidal carbonaceous particles in lake sediments near an oil refinery at Mongstad, Western Norway     

Jorunn Larsen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,23(4):343-363

Sediments from two naturally acid lakes have been used to investigate whether there is any local impact of atmospheric pollution from an oil refinery at Mongstad in Western Norway. The refinery started production in 1975 and expanded in 1987. One lake was selected as a reference site as it only receives long-range transported air pollution, whereas a second lake was selected as it was expected to receive both long-range transported and local air pollution from the refinery. Heavy metal (Pb, Ni and Zn) and spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) (> 5 µm in diameter) concentrations and accumulation rates have been estimated and lake-water pH has been reconstructed by weighted averaging and weighted averaging partial least squares regression and calibration from the fossil diatom assemblages.Heavy metals that are in the size range for which atmospheric residence time is greatest do not show any enhanced levels in the sediments after 1975 that could be associated with local impacts from the refinery. SCPs in the sediments that are in the size range thought to be effectively removed by dry deposition, and thus have a more local deposition pattern, show an increase after 1975 and an additional large increase after 1987 that can be explained by impacts from the local oil refinery. After 1975 the SCP diameter distribution changed from being dominated by SCPs with a small diameter in the range 5-10 µm to SCPs with larger diameters. The SO₂ emission from the oil refinery seems to have had no significant effect on lake pH. The reconstructed lake pH history is complex, possibly related to land-use changes and long-range transported air pollution.  相似文献   

NWA 13943(CK5型)碳质球粒陨石的矿物岩石学和稳定同位素组成研究          下载免费PDF全文

梅奥新  徐伟彪 《天文学报》2024,65(1):5

CK型陨石是一类高度氧化的碳质球粒陨石, 金属/磁铁矿的比值接近零. 与其它类型的碳质球粒陨石(岩石类型: 1-3)不同, 大多数CK型陨石在母体上经历了强烈的热变质过程(550--1270K), 以4-6型为主. 多项证据表明, CK和CV3型陨石具有成因联系. 但是, 两者在岩相结构和化学组成方面仍存在微小差异. 因此, 精细地区分和比较两者的地球化学特征对于验证CK-CV单一母体假说非常重要. Northwest Africa (NWA) 13943是一块新发现的陨石, 经历过较强烈的热变质作用. 利用扫描电子显微镜和电子探针, 确定了NWA 13943的岩石类型. 并运用质谱分析技术, 重点测定了NWA 13943陨石的全岩氧同位素和铬同位素组成. 综合岩石结构、矿物化学成分、氧同位素异常(△¹⁷O,△代表同位素分馏值)和铬同位素异常(ε⁵⁴Cr, ε表示样品中的同位素比值与标样中的同位素比值的相对偏差的10⁴倍),CK和CV型陨石的母体可能形成于原行星盘中两个相似但不同的化学源区.  相似文献   

湖南省新化县寒婆坳石墨矿床地质地球化学特征及控矿因素     

汤贺军  孟贵祥  朱文卿  龚雪婧  张雄  文亭 《地球学报》2022,43(6):832-842

湖南省是我国隐晶质石墨最主要的矿产区,其隐晶质石墨的储量位居全国第一,主要是由煤系地层受接触热变质作用形成。本文以湖南省涟邵煤田北段寒婆坳石墨矿床为例,分析研究区内石墨矿床的地质地球化学特征与控矿因素。结果表明,矿石固定碳含量较高(>80%),矿石构造以块状为主,距花岗岩由近到远,石墨粒度逐渐变小。由上向下,接触热变质及石墨化的程度逐渐变大。寒婆坳石墨矿床碳质砂岩Al₂O₃、TFeO、Na₂O、K₂O、TiO₂含量相对较高,而围岩大理岩MgO、CaO含量相对较高;二者均表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特点。碳质砂岩稀土元素总量较高,平均值为212×10^–6,大理岩稀土元素总量较低,平均值为11.18×10^–6;碳质砂岩具有明显的Eu、Pb、Sr负异常, U、Th、Ba正异常, Ce异常不明显。大理岩Cs、Pb为负异常, U为正异常, Sr异常不明显。寒婆坳矿区碳质砂岩主要形成于缺氧还原的环境,原岩沉积环境属于陆源海相沉积,物质来源...  相似文献   

Temporal dynamics,meteorological effects,secondary organic aerosol estimation,and source identification of size-segregated carbonaceous aerosols     

Burçak Tarhan  Ebru Koçak 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2024,52(4):2300095

During the period 2019–2020, size-segregated aerosol samples containing elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) were investigated. These samples were collected weekly using an eight-stage cascade impactor from an urban site located at Aksaray University, Aksaray. The quantification of EC and OC was carried out through a thermal-optical transmission device. The results revealed consistent size distribution attributes of EC and OC between winter and summer. Although EC accounted for an insignificant percentage (4.4%) of particulate matter (PM) in the PM_9.0–10.0 fraction during winter, a more substantial portion of OC in the same fraction (13.4%) comprised EC. Seasonal variations were distinct for EC but not significant for OC. Strong correlations between OC and EC were observed in coarse particle fractions, indicating a common source, with weaker correlations in fine particles. The highest OC/EC ratio was in the PM_0.43–0.65 fraction, followed by PM_2.1–3.3. The ratio of OC to EC in fine PM exceeded the threshold of 15 consistently. The observation indicates that as particle size increases, there is a noticeable decline in the OC to EC ratios. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) accounted for 60.8% (winter) and 89.8% (summer) of OC values, emphasizing the substantial impact of SOA on Aksaray's atmosphere. Both seasons exhibited a multimodal distribution of ambient OC. In winter, the EC distribution was dominated by fine particles, with a bimodal pattern (PM_1.1–2.1 and PM_0.43–0.65 peaks). Common pollutant sources, including traffic emissions, road dust, biogenic emissions, and coal combustion, were identified for both seasons in coarse and fine particle fractions. These findings underscore the importance of emission control strategies targeting fine PM in Aksaray.  相似文献   

还原性围岩在斑岩钼矿成矿中的作用     

郭东伟  李延河  段超  范昌福  万秋  孙鹏程 《矿床地质》2023,42(6):1081-1100

斑岩钼(铜)矿是重要的钼矿资源类型,高氧逸度岩浆是公认的评价斑岩成矿的有效指标。但前人关注的焦点是成矿母岩浆的起源与演化,还原性围岩在斑岩成矿中的作用长期被忽视,是什么触发了高氧化性含矿岩浆热液的还原与成矿还存在不同的认识。文章在前人工作基础上,以中国秦岭-大别、华北克拉通北缘的南泥湖-三道庄-上房沟、沙坪沟、曹四夭等斑岩型钼矿和美国Climax-Henderson巨型斑岩钼矿带中Mt. Emmons等斑岩钼矿为例,重点研究了斑岩钼矿的区域分布与还原性围岩之间的空间关系及成因联系,探讨了斑岩成矿系统氧化还原状态在成矿过程中的变化及触发机制。笔者发现斑岩钼矿的区域分布明显受黑色含碳质地层和中基性火山岩控制,在成矿过程中黑色含碳质围岩普遍发生褪色蚀变;主成矿期矿物流体包裹体中普遍含有甲烷,蚀变围岩和矿床中热液方解石的δ¹³C值普遍较低。因此,笔者提出含碳质地层和中基性火山岩等围岩中还原性组分的加入是引发斑岩钼(铜)矿成矿系统氧化-还原状态转变和成矿金属沉淀的关键。碳质围岩中有机质热解/碳-水反应产生的甲烷是重要还原剂,CH₄沿构造裂隙扩散进入斑岩...  相似文献