Strain softening and microstructural evolution of anorthite aggregates and quartz-anorthite layered composites deformed in torsion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shaocheng Ji  Zhenting Jiang  Richard Wirth  Bin Xia 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(2):377-390

Torsion experiments of anorthite (An) aggregates and layered composites with equal volume fractions of quartz (Qtz) and An were performed in a gas-medium apparatus at a confining pressure of 400 MPa, temperatures from 1373 to 1473 K, and twist rates from 1.0×10⁻⁴ to 3.0×10⁻⁴ rad/s. Dense specimens were fabricated from An glass and Qtz crystalline powder using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) techniques. Both An aggregates and Qtz-An layered composites show a continuous strain weakening from a peak stress at γ=0.2-0.3 to γ=3.2, and steady-state flow has not reached under the experimental conditions. The weakening is even more pronounced in the layered composites than the monolithic aggregates, suggesting channeling or localization of flow into the weak material between strong layers. The sheared An specimens developed pervasively C-S-C′ structures which are similar to those observed in natural ductile shear zones. TEM and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) fabric analyses suggest that grain boundary migration recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep with (010)[100] as the dominant slip system was operating in the An. The strain softening may be due to the development of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), the operation of dynamic recrystallization and the formation of extremely fine-grained recrystallized material in the narrow C′ shear bands.  相似文献   

Evaluation of site‐dependent constant‐damage design spectra for reinforced concrete structures     

Phaiboon Panyakapo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(12):1211-1231

An investigation on the validity of the conventional design approach known as constant displacement ductility is carried out. The hysteretic behaviour described by the Modified Takeda model is taken to represent the characteristics of reinforced concrete structural systems. The results presented in the form of seismic damage spectra indicate that the conventional design approach may not be valid because cumulative damage is excessively high. The inelastic design spectra based on the constant‐damage concept are proposed in terms of simplified expressions. The expressions are derived from constant‐damage design spectra computed by non‐linear response analysis for SDOF systems subjected to ground motions recorded on rock sites, alluvium deposits, and soft‐soil sites. The proposed expressions, which are dependent on the local soil conditions, are functions of target seismic damage, displacement ductility ratio and period of vibration. The seismic damage of structures that have been designed based on this new design approach is also checked by a design‐and‐evaluation approach. The results are found to be satisfactory. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

阻滑桩加固土坡稳定性分析的上限解法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

年廷凯  栾茂田 《岩土力学》2004,25(Z2):167-173

从极限分析机动学方法出发,利用土的抗剪强度折减系数概念,建立了土坡的极限平衡状态方程,由此确定土坡的临界稳定安全系数及其相应的潜在破坏模式.对于典型问题,通过与现有极限平衡解和有限元数值解的对比分析,验证了这种上限解法的合理性.进而对于在给定的荷载条件下不能满足抗滑稳定性要求的土坡,考虑采用阻滑桩加固方式,根据桩侧有效土压力的合理分布模式确定桩体与滑动面相交的截面上等效抗滑力和抗滑力矩,利用极限分析上限定理建立了阻滑桩加固土坡的极限平衡状态方程,将桩侧土压力作为目标函数,运用数学规划方法确定了极限平衡状态时的临界桩侧土压力,以此为土坡加固中阻滑桩设计提供依据.通过数值计算与分析探讨了阻滑桩加固位置的优化布置等问题.  相似文献   

石粉灌浆石砌体的抗震抗剪强度及其应用研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

施养杭  余建星  华建兵 《世界地震工程》2004,20(1):29-34

基于灌浆石砌墙体的拟动力试验、工程实践和震害经验，经分析研究，首次提出灌浆石砌体的抗震抗剪强度及抗震加固验算方法。经对工程实例验算，验证了本研究的可靠性和实用性。  相似文献   

Scaling of strength reduction factors for degrading elasto‐plastic oscillators     

Arindam Chakraborti  Vinay K. Gupta 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(2):189-206

The inelastic (design) spectra characterizing a seismic hazard are generally obtained by the scaling‐down of the elastic (design) spectra via a set of response modification factors. The component of these factors, which accounts for the ductility demand ratio, is known as the strength reduction factor (SRF), and the variation of this factor with initial period of the oscillator is called an SRF spectrum. This study considers scaling of the SRF spectrum in the case of an elasto‐plastic oscillator with strength and stiffness degradation characteristics. Two models are considered: one depending directly on the characterization of source and site parameters and the other depending on the normalized design spectrum characterization of the seismic hazard. The first model is the same as that proposed earlier by the second author, and is given in terms of earthquake magnitude, strong‐motion duration, predominant period, geological site conditions, ductility demand ratio, and ductility supply‐related parameter. The second model is a new model proposed here in terms of the normalized pseudo‐spectral acceleration values (to unit peak ground acceleration), ductility demand ratio and ductility supply‐related parameter. For each of these models, least‐square estimates of the coefficients are obtained through regression analyses of the data for 956 recorded accelerograms in western U.S.A. Parametric studies carried out with the help of these models confirm the dependence of SRFs on strong‐motion duration and earthquake magnitude besides predominant period and site conditions. It is also seen that degradation characteristics make a slight difference for high ductility demands and may lead to lower values of SRFs, unless the oscillators are very flexible. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the Measurement of the Tensile Strength of Soft Rocks   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

A. Coviello  R. Lagioia  R. Nova 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2005,38(4):251-273

Summary. This paper reports on a comparative study of various types of experimental tests for measuring the tensile strength of rocks and rock-like materials. A critical assessment is presented of some widely used laboratory techniques on the basis of experimental data from the literature and from the laboratory investigation performed in this study.Tests were carried out using a triaxial apparatus recently set up at Milan University of Technology. This was designed to reduce random misalignments between specimen and loading frame, which are typical of conventional triaxial cells with external tie bars. The apparatus was then modified to perform various types of tests for determining the tensile strength of materials. An artificial building stone and a natural calcarenite of the Gravina di Puglia geological formation, sampled at Montescaglioso (Matera-Italy) were tested in this research. The experimental investigation included various types of tests, namely the uni-axial, the Brazilian, the ring, the three and four points bending and the Luong test. Specimens of both materials were also compressed to failure in unconfined conditions and loaded cyclically in unconfined tension and compression, Young’s moduli being measured by means of local instrumentation.  相似文献   

A comparative study of ANN and Neuro-fuzzy for the prediction of dynamic constant of rockmass   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. N. Singh  R. Kanchan  A. K. Verma  K. Saigal 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(1):75-86

Physico-mechanical properties of rocks have great significance in all operational parts in mining activities, from exploration to final dispatch of material. Compressional wave velocity (p-wave velocity) and anisotropic behaviour of rocks are two such properties which help to understand the rock response under varying stress conditions. They also influence the breakage mechanism of rock. There are different methods to determine thep-wave velocity and anisotropyin situ and in the laboratory. These methods are cumbersome and time consuming. Fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy logic and Neural Networks techniques seem very well suited for typical geotechnical problems. In conjunction with statistics and conventional mathematical methods, hybrid methods can be developed that may prove to be a step forward in modeling geotechnical problems. Here, we have developed and compared two different models, Neuro-fuzzy systems (combination of fuzzy and artificial neural network systems) and Artificial neural network systems, for the prediction of compressional wave velocity.  相似文献   

Assessment of crushed shales for use as compacted landfill liners     

Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein  Amer A. Al-Rawas  Mohammed Y. Al-Aghbari  Ahmed Qatan  Abdul-Hamid Al-Rawas 《Engineering Geology》2005,80(3-4):271-281

The possibility of using crushed shales as landfill liners is investigated in this study. Two types of shales were studied by performing the following laboratory tests: hydraulic conductivity, compaction, swelling, consolidation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemical analysis. For both compacted shales, the hydraulic conductivity was in order of 10^− 7 cm/s or less which satisfies the specifications for landfill liners. The results of XRD and SEM support the low values of the hydraulic conductivity. Because of the dominant presence of low-activity kaolinite, there was no significant change in the hydraulic conductivity when the compacted shales are exposed to calcium chloride solution. The compressibility of the compacted clay was low and no serious post-construction settlement is expected. The shear strength of the compacted shales was within the usual expected range for earthen liners and, therefore, should pose no challenges with respect to shear strength. The crushed shales also satisfy the other criteria related to Atterberg limits and grain size.  相似文献   

基于强度折减法小净距隧道合理净距的研究   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

张永兴  胡居义  何青云  王桂林 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(3):64-67

小净距隧道合理净距的确定是目前研究的热点和难点.影响小净距隧道合理净距的因素很多,解析法虽然可以得到精确解,但是公式烦琐,而数值计算方法可以计算各种情况下围岩的应力、变形、塑性区分布等情况.小净距隧道合理净距的确定也即是隧道稳定性发生突变时两独立隧道最小距离的确定.提出了合理净距确定的原则,并采用强度折减弹塑性有限元方法,针对某工程实例,计算了在不同净距情况下隧道的安全系数,并把安全系数发生突变时的净距作为合理净距,和传统有限元分析的结果相吻合.  相似文献   

砂土质隧道围岩粘聚力影响因素的试验研究     

王玉锁  陈炜韬  王明年 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(6):48-51

隧道围岩中较差的砂土质隧道围岩一般在洞口段较为常见。砂土具有粘聚力是客观事实,该粘聚力会对砂土质围岩稳定性产生较大影响。本文从影响砂土质围岩坑道稳定性因素及围岩稳定性分类的角度出发,探讨了与砂土质隧道围岩稳定性相关的粘聚力的影响因素,发现砂土的密实程度对砂土围岩粘聚力有较显著的影响;细粒(d<0.075mm)含量对粘聚力的影响规律与砂土密实程度有关;采用细粒含水量而不是砂土含水量的方法来评定潮湿砂土的粘聚力的影响是较为合理的方法,并总结了细粒含水量对砂土粘聚力的影响规律。  相似文献