Crustal Composition of China Continent Constrained from Heat Flow Data and Helium Isotope Ratio of Underground Fluid   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

WANG Yang  and SUN Zhiming 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(1):178-184

Based on conservation of energy principle and heat flow data in China continent, the upper limit of 1.3 μW/m3 heat production is obtained for continental crust in China. Furthermore, using the data of heat flow and helium isotope ratio of underground fluid, the heat productions of different tectonic units in China continent are estimated in range of 0.58–1.12 μW/m3 with a median of 0.85 μW/m3. Accordingly, the contents of U, Th and K2O in China crust are in ranges of 0.83–1.76 μg/g, 3.16–6.69 μg/g, and 1.0%–2.12%, respectively. These results indicate that the abundance of radioactive elements in the crust of China continent is much higher than that of Archean crust; and this fact implies China’s continental crust is much evolved in chemical composition. Meanwhile, significant lateral variation of crustal composition is also exhibited among different tectonic units in China continent. The crust of eastern China is much enriched in incompatible elements such as U, Th and K than that of western China; and the crust of orogenic belts is more enriched than that of platform regions. It can also be inferred that the crusts of eastern China and orogenic belts are much felsic than those of western China and platform regions, respectively, derived from the positive correlation between the heat production and SiO2 content of bulk crust. This deduction is consistent with the results derived from the crustal seismic velocity data in China. According to the facts of the lower seismic velocity of China than the average value of global crust, and the higher heat production of China continent compared with global crust composition models published by previous studies, it is deduced that the average composition models of global continent crust by Rudnick and Fountain (1995), Rudnick and Gao (2003), Weaver and Tarney (1984), Shaw et al. (1986), and Wedepohl (1995) overestimate the abundance of incompatible elements such as U, Th and K of continental crust.  相似文献   

广西铜聋山铜铅锌矿床遥感地质信息研究          下载免费PDF全文

成永生 《地质找矿论丛》2010,25(4):351-355

针对铜聋山矿区的地质特征及成矿地质条件,应用卫星遥感技术方法对该区进行了综合研究。利用美国陆地卫星Landsat-5的TM多波段数据对研究区的构造信息进行了综合解译,结合主成分分析与波段比值法对矿化蚀变信息进行了提取。结果表明,该区的主要成矿构造为NE向断裂,线环构造的交汇部位是成矿的最佳环境;遥感矿化蚀变信息得到了有效的增强,与已知矿点具有很好的一致性,能够反映有利的找矿目标。  相似文献   

北京粉尘沉降物的物理化学特征及其物源初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘永生  杨冰  李瑞敏  王轶  曹峰  徐慧珍  李爱国 《地质通报》2010,29(8):1220-1227

对北京上空不同高度不同时间段采集的粉尘样品的物理化学特征进行了研究。认为不同的风动力作用导致北京上空粉尘不同来源的物质高度混合,且高度越高远源物质越多,高度越低近源物质越多。由于物质来源不同,粉尘的物理化学特征呈现出不同的特点。通过研究发现,Si/Al比值能近似地反映粉尘在空中的分布特征,可以作为粉尘扬起高度的间接指标。  相似文献   

基于Shepard和OI方法对雨量计逐时资料的分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李春晖  梁建茵 《应用气象学报》2010,21(4):416-422

引入地形影响效应的日降水量气候分析场,分别运用Shepard和最优插值(OI)两种插值方法对广东和广西2007年5月20日—8月30日汛期小时雨量计降水量进行插值,得到0.125°×0.125°分辨率的规范化网格资料。结果表明:无论是直接插值还是用降水比率(地形影响效应的日降水量气候分析场)插值,两种方法均能很好地体现广东和广西雨量计站点观测降水的季内变化和日变化特征。虽然用直接插值方法比用降水比率插值方法得到的降水空间分布更为平滑,但估值精度没有用降水比率插值方法高。通过交叉检验进一步表明,总体上OI方法优于Shepard方法,而考虑地形影响效应的降水比率OI方法为最优,能有效提高相关性,并减少均方根误差和系统误差。  相似文献   

Stress integration approach to evaluate damping ratio in torsional tests     

Yoon‐Shin Bae  Inthuorn Sasanakul 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(17):1842-1853

The complexity of determining strain associated with shear modulus and damping ratio in torsional tests has been resolved by means of several approaches. The stress integration approach is adequate when generating the plots of equivalent radius ratio versus strain more effectively over any range of strains in resonant column and torsional shear (RC/TS) tests. The stress integration approach was applied for hyperbolic, modified hyperbolic, and Ramberg–Osgood models in evaluating damping ratio. This study showed that using a single value of equivalent radius ratio in evaluating damping ratio is not appropriate. The combined hysteretic‐nonviscous damping model was developed and employed to consider the increased damping behavior at small strains using the stress integration approach. The results suggest that adding viscous behavior has no significant effect strain calculations in RC/TS testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dynamic topography of the East European craton: Shedding light upon lithospheric structure, composition and mantle dynamics     

Irina M. Artemieva   《Global and Planetary Change》2007,58(1-4):411

Most of the East European Craton lacks surface relief; however, the amplitude of topography at the top of the basement exceeds 20 km, the amplitude of topography undulations at the crustal base reaches almost 30 km with an amazing amplitude of ca. 50 km in variation in the thickness of the crystalline crust, and the amplitude of topography variations at the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary exceeds 200 km. This paper examines the relative contributions of the crust, the subcrustal lithosphere, and the dynamic support of the sublithospheric mantle to maintain surface topography, using regional seismic data on the structure of the crystalline crust and the sedimentary cover, and thermal and large-scale P- and S-wave seismic tomography data on the structure of the lithospheric mantle. For the Precambrian lithosphere, an analysis of Vp/Vs ratio at 100, 150, 200, and 250 km depths does not show any age-dependence, suggesting that while Vp/Vs ratio can be effectively used to outline the cratonic margins, it is not sensitive to compositional variations within the cratonic lithosphere.Statistical analysis of age-dependence of velocity, density, and thermal structure of the continental crust and subcrustal lithosphere in the study area (0–62E, 45–72N) allows to link lithospheric structure with the tectonic evolution of the region since the Archean. Crustal thickness decreases systematically with age from 42–44 km in regions older than 1.6 Ga to 37–40 km in the Paleozoic–Mesoproterozoic structures, and to ca. 31 km in the Meso-Cenozoic regions. However, the isostatic contribution of the crust to the surface topography of the East European Craton is almost independent of age (ca. 4.5 km) due to an interplay of age-dependent crustal and sedimentary thicknesses and lithospheric temperatures.On the contrary, the contribution of the subcrustal lithosphere to the surface topography strongly depends on the age, being slightly positive (+ 0.3 + 0.7 km) for the regions older than 1.6 Ga and negative (− 0.5–1 km) for younger structures. This leads to age-dependent variations in the residual topography, i.e. the topography which cannot be explained by the assumed thermal and density structure of the lithosphere, and which can (at least partly) originate from the dynamic component caused by the mantle flow. Positive dynamic topography at the cratonic margins, which exceeds 2 km in the Norwegian Caledonides and in the Urals, clearly links their on-going uplift with deep mantle processes. Negative residual topography beneath the Archean-Paleoproterozoic cratons (− 1–2 km) indicates either a smaller density deficit (ca. 0.9%) in their subcrustal lithosphere than predicted by global petrologic data on mantle-derived xenoliths or the presence of a strong convective downwelling in the mantle. Such mantle downflows can effectively divert heat from the lithospheric base, leading to a long-term survival of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic lithosphere.  相似文献   

内陆湖泊流域的化学风化及气候变化—以内蒙古岱海为例   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

金章东  季俊峰等 《地质论评》2001,47(1):42-46

利用湖泊沉积物中Rb/Sr值来反映受古气候制约的流域陆地化学风化率的变化，并恢复了岱海近400a以来以小冰期为特征的、具有100a准周期（经谱分析）的气候波动历史。通过磁化率、粘土矿物含量和种类的综合分析，确证了湖泊沉积物Rb/Sr值的变化可以用来重建流域内化学风化率与其相应的古气候演化过程，是湖泊沉积记录中具有比磁化率更明显气候意义的有效代用指标。  相似文献   

稀土元素示踪法在坡面土壤侵蚀垂直分布研究中的应用   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

刘普灵  武春龙  琚彤军  杨明义 《水科学进展》2001,12(3):331-335

通过野外全坡长侵蚀小区试验,证明了稀土元素示踪法在土壤侵蚀垂直分布研究中的可应用性。结果表明该径流小区产沙强度坡长存在三种变化模式:增长型,增长 递减型和波动型,其形成机理可能与径流过程有关。利用稀土元素在坡面的再分析,初步建立了估算坡面沟蚀率的关系式。  相似文献   

地震作用下智能相邻建筑的主动锚索控制     

徐幼麟  张文首 《世界地震工程》2001,17(1):15-29

研究了应用主动锚索控制装置控制相邻建筑地震响应的有效性。首先，建立了主动锚索－相邻建筑系统的运动方程；然后应用广义振型分析方法，寻求了主动锚索联结的相邻建筑的力学特性，特别是振型阻尼比；最后，在频率域内应用广义振型分析与虚拟激励相结合的方法，建立了主动锚索控制装置联结相邻建筑的随机地震响应的分析方法。应用本文建立的公式，我们编制了计算机程序，进行了广泛的参数研究，以评价控制装置的有效性，并确定最优传感器类型及控制装置参数。研究表明，如果应用速度传感器，并能适当地选择主动锚索控制器的参数，则可以显著地提高系统的振型阻尼比，减小两个结构的地震响应。  相似文献   

抗震结构的阻尼减振效果分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

龙旭  吴斌  欧进萍 《世界地震工程》2001,17(1):40-45

研究了抗震结构的阻尼减振效果。首先，考虑了单自由度体系在不同频率简谐干扰作用下阻尼比对结构反应的减小效果；然后，考虑了阻尼比对结构地震反应谱的影响，分析了我国现行建筑抗震设计规范反应谱，并讨论了不同阻尼比对水平地震影响系数的修正公式。  相似文献