长江口深水航道治理工程综述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

冯铭璋  沈日庚 《上海国土资源》2001,(3):10-15

文章概要地介绍长江口深水航道治理工程的规划、勘察、设计和施工情况，对整治方案及主要岩土工程问题略作讨论。  相似文献   

Preissmann隐式格式在分汊和环状河道中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

雷正雄  蒋艳 《水科学进展》2001,12(4):485-490

环状河道在平原地区水系中非常常见,分汊河道也较常见,对这两种河道基于Preissmann格式的水流计算提出了可行的方法。对圣维南方程组进行离散后,用追赶法对各河道进行演算,由水量平衡原理对各结点进行计算,就可求得河道各断面的水流情况。用长江下游江阴至青龙港及杨林段河道的实例进行计算,取得了较为理想的效果。  相似文献   

EXPERIMENTS ON FLOW AROUND A CYLINDER IN A SCOURED CHANNEL BED     

I.ISTIARTO  W.H.GRAF 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(4)

The flow pattern around a cylinder, installed in a scoured channel bed, was experimentally investigated. Detailed measurements of the instantaneous 3D velocities were performed by using an Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP), from which the profiles of the time-averaged velocities and turbulence stresses were obtained. It is shown that the influence of the cylinder and of the scour hole alters the approach flow; this is essentially confined to the vicinity of the cylinder and to the inside of the scour hole. The horseshoe vortex is measured as a flow reversal inside the scour hole, formed by the downward flow along the cylinder face and the reversed flow at the scour bed.  相似文献   

Computational fluid dynamics modelling of boundary roughness in gravel‐bed rivers: an investigation of the effects of random variability in bed elevation     

A.P. Nicholas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(4):345-362

Results from a series of numerical simulations of two‐dimensional open‐channel flow, conducted using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT, are compared with data quantifying the mean and turbulent characteristics of open‐channel flow over two contrasting gravel beds. Boundary roughness effects are represented using both the conventional wall function approach and a random elevation model that simulates the effects of supra‐grid‐scale roughness elements (e.g. particle clusters and small bedforms). Results obtained using the random elevation model are characterized by a peak in turbulent kinetic energy located well above the bed (typically at y/h = 0·1–0·3). This is consistent with the field data and in contrast to the results obtained using the wall function approach for which maximum turbulent kinetic energy levels occur at the bed. Use of the random elevation model to represent supra‐grid‐scale roughness also allows a reduction in the height of the near‐bed mesh cell and therefore offers some potential to overcome problems experienced by the wall function approach in flows characterized by high relative roughness. Despite these benefits, the results of simulations conducted using the random elevation model are sensitive to the horizontal and vertical mesh resolution. Increasing the horizontal mesh resolution results in an increase in the near‐bed velocity gradient and turbulent kinetic energy, effectively roughening the bed. Varying the vertical resolution of the mesh has little effect on simulated mean velocity profiles, but results in substantial changes to the shape of the turbulent kinetic energy profile. These findings have significant implications for the application of CFD within natural gravel‐bed channels, particularly with regard to issues of topographic data collection, roughness parameterization and the derivation of mesh‐independent solutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The formation of large mudwaves by turbidity currents on the levees of the Toyama deep-sea channel, Japan Sea   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Takeshi Nakajima  & Mikio Satoh 《Sedimentology》2001,48(2):435-463

The development of mudwaves on the levees of the modern Toyama deep‐sea channel has been studied using gravity core samples combined with 3·5‐kHz echosounder data and airgun seismic reflection profiles. The mudwaves have developed on the overbank flanks of a clockwise bend of the channel in the Yamato Basin, Japan Sea, and the mudwave field covers an area of 4000 km². Mudwave lengths range from 0·2 to 3·6 km and heights vary from 2 to 44 m, and the pattern of mudwave aggradation indicates an upslope migration direction. Sediment cores show that the mudwaves consist of an alternation of fine‐grained turbidites and hemipelagites whereas contourites are absent. Core samples demonstrate that the sedimentation rate ranged from 10 to 14 cm ka^?1 on the lee sides to 17–40 cm ka^?1 on the stoss sides. A layer‐by‐layer correlation of the deposits across the mudwaves shows that the individual turbidite beds are up to 20 times thicker on the stoss side than on the lee side, whereas hemipelagite thicknesses are uniform. This differential accretion of turbidites is thought to have resulted in the pattern of upcurrent climbing mudwave crests, which supports the notion that the mudwaves have been formed by spillover turbidity currents. The mudwaves are interpreted to have been instigated by pre‐existing large sand dunes that are up to 30 m thick and were created by high‐velocity (10°ms^?1), thick (c. 500 m) turbidity currents spilling over the channel banks at the time of the maximum uplift of the Northern Japan Alps during the latest Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. Draping of the dunes by the subsequent, lower‐velocity (10^?1ms^?1), mud‐laden turbidity currents is thought to have resulted in the formation of the accretionary mudwaves and the pattern of upflow climbing. The dune stoss slopes are argued to have acted as obstacles to the flow, causing localized loss of flow strength and leading to differential draping by the muddy turbidites, with greater accretion occurring on the stoss side than on the lee slope. The two overbank flanks of the clockwise channel bend show some interesting differences in mudwave development. The mudwaves have a mean height of 9·8 m on the outer‐bank levee and 6·2 m on the inner bank. The turbidites accreted on the stoss sides of the mudwaves are 4–6 times thicker on the outer‐bank levee than their counterparts on the inner‐bank levee. These differences are attributed to the greater flow volume (thickness) and sediment flux of the outer‐bank spillover flow due to the more intense stripping of the turbidity currents at the outer bank of the channel bend. Differential development of mudwave fields may therefore be a useful indicator in the reconstruction of deep‐sea channels and their flow hydraulics.  相似文献   

多普勒天气雷达速度回波图的UHF信道传输     

赵恒轩  黄兴友 《南京气象学院学报》1992,15(2):134-140

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夏季青藏高原热力场和环流场的诊断分析 Ⅰ.盛夏高原西部地区的水汽状况   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨伟愚  叶笃正  吴国雄 《大气科学》1992,(1)

本文使用青藏高原气象科学实验测站观测资料、欧洲中心FGGE-Ⅲb资料、GMS1地球同步卫星云图资料、河流水文资料以及其他一些有关的资料,详细分析了1979年7月青藏高原地区,尤其是高原西部地区的水汽状况、水汽输入的通道,讨论了夏季青藏高原地区高湿状况的维持机制. 通过研究,发现在1979年盛夏青藏高原西部也是一个高水汽区域,有利于大量的湿对流系统活动,但西部比东南部的水汽含量要略低些;潜热加热是夏季高原西部重要的热源之一;除了过去已知的在高原东南和仲巴、定日一带的两条水汽通道外,水汽还可从高原西侧边界进入高原西部.在讨论夏季高原地区高湿状况的维持机制时发现,相对于高原东部,只需要较少的水汽输入就足以维持高原西部大气的高湿状态;高原西部的降水、蒸发和向土壤中渗透是接近于平衡的,水分循环主要是局地的内循环.  相似文献   

变动流域滞时方程     

靳长兴 《地理研究》1992,11(2):9-16

流域滞时是流域汇流计算和预报中的一个重要因素。本文尝试将流域滞时表示成流域重心长度Lca(流域重心到流域出口断面的河道长度)与汇流速度v之比的函数,从而使流域滞时随汇流速度的不同而不同,而不再是一个常数。长度Lca反映了流域尺度和几何形态对滞时的影响,而汇流速度则反映流域动力条件对滞时的作用。5个小流域的实测资料检验表明结果较为满意。  相似文献   

泥沙起动条件与卵石浅滩航道整治线宽度的确定     

钱恩清 《地理研究》1992,11(2):17-25

在简述泥沙起动条件表达式的基础上,本文分析卵石浅滩整治与泥沙起动条件的关系。根据起动拖曳力和起动流速的概念,分别导出了卵石浅滩航道整治宽度计算公式,并用北江整治河段的实测资料对诸公式作了比较。结果表明,式(16)的计算值与实际采用值有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

Hydraulic Effects of Shales in Fluvial-Deltaic Deposits: Ground-Penetrating Radar, Outcrop Observations, Geostatistics, and Three-Dimensional Flow Modeling for the Ferron Sandstone, Utah   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Djuro Novakovic  Christopher D. White  Rucsandra M. Corbeanu  William S. Hammon III  Janok P. Bhattacharya  George A. McMechan 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(7):857-893

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys, outcrop measurements, and cores provide a high-resolution 3D geologic model to investigate the hydraulic effects of shales in marine-influenced lower delta-plain distributary channel deposits within the Cretaceous-age Ferron Sandstone at Corbula Gulch in central Utah, USA. Shale statistics are computed from outcrop observations. Although slight anisotropy was observed in mean length and variogram ranges parallel and perpendicular to pale of low , the anisotropy is not statistically significant and the estimated mean length is 5.4 m. Truncated Gaussian simulation was used to create maps of shales that are placed on variably dipping stratigraphic surfaces interpreted from high-resolution 3D GPR surveys, outcrop interpretations, and boreholes. Sandstone permeability is estimated from radar responses calibrated to permeability measurements from core samples. Experimentally designed flow simulations examine the effects of variogram range, shale coverage fraction, and trends in shale coverage on predicted upscaled permeability, breakthrough time, and sweep efficiency. Approximately 1500 flow simulations examine three different geologic models, flow in the 3 coordinate directions, 16 geostatistical parameter combinations, and 10 realizations for each model. ANOVA and response models computed from the flow simulations demonstrate that shales decrease sweep, recovery, and permeability, especially in the vertical direction. The effect on horizontal flow is smaller. Flow predictions for ideal tracer displacements at Corbula Gulch are sensitive to shale-coverage fraction, but are relatively insensitive to twofold variations in variogram range or to vertical trends in shale coverage. Although the hydraulic effects of shale are statistically significant, the changes in flow responses rarely exceed 20%. As a result, it may be reasonable to use simple models when incorporating analogous shales into models of reservoirs or aquifers.  相似文献