基于YOLOv3深度学习的海雾气象条件下海上船只实时检测     

王飞  刘梦婷  刘雪芹  秦志亮  马本俊  郑毅 《海洋科学》2020,44(8):197-204

海雾气象条件下船只高精度检测识别面临较大困难，传统的目标识别、定位方法效果差强人意。作者围绕海雾气象条件下不同类型船只的实时检测问题，提出一种基于YOLOv3深度学习的实时海上船只检测新思路。首先构建清晰图片和模糊图片（海雾、雨）的判别方法，实现图片清晰度分类处理；其次为提高海雾气象条件下海上船只的实时检测精度，消除海雾遮挡对目标识别的影响，运用暗通道先验去雾方法对含有海雾的图像实行去雾；最后基于YOLOv3深度学习算法对精细处理后的图像进行船只实时检测。实验结果表明该方法能够在海雾气象条件下高效、准确地检测到船只，对海上复杂环境条件下的船只实时检测研究具有一定的理论指导意义。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of a hydraulic model to channel erosion uncertainty during extreme flooding          下载免费PDF全文

Jefferson S. Wong  Jim E. Freer  Paul D. Bates  David A. Sear  Elisabeth M. Stephens 《水文研究》2015,29(2):261-279

Recent research into flood modelling has primarily concentrated on the simulation of inundation flow without considering the influences of channel morphology. River channels are often represented by a simplified geometry that is implicitly assumed to remain unchanged during flood simulations. However, field evidence demonstrates that significant morphological changes can occur during floods to mobilize the boundary sediments. Despite this, the effect of channel morphology on model results has been largely unexplored. To address this issue, the impact of channel cross‐section geometry and channel long‐profile variability on flood dynamics is examined using an ensemble of a 1D–2D hydraulic model (LISFLOOD‐FP) of the ~1 : 2000 year recurrence interval floods in Cockermouth, UK, within an uncertainty framework. A series of simulated scenarios of channel erosional changes were constructed on the basis of a simple velocity‐based model of critical entrainment. A Monte‐Carlo simulation framework was used to quantify the effects of this channel morphology together with variations in the channel and floodplain roughness coefficients, grain size characteristics and critical shear stress on measures of flood inundation. The results showed that the bed elevation modifications generated by the simplistic equations reflected an approximation of the observed patterns of spatial erosion that enveloped observed erosion depths. The effect of uncertainty on channel long‐profile variability only affected the local flood dynamics and did not significantly affect the friction sensitivity and flood inundation mapping. The results imply that hydraulic models generally do not need to account for within event morphodynamic changes of the type and magnitude of event modelled, as these have a negligible impact that is smaller than other uncertainties, e.g. boundary conditions. Instead, morphodynamic change needs to happen over a series of events to become large enough to change the hydrodynamics of floods in supply limited gravel‐bed rivers such as the one used in this research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新版建筑工程建筑面积计算规范应用探讨     

王建文 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(5):197-199

GB/T 50353-2013建筑工程建筑面积计算规范于2014年7月1日开始实施,该规范是在总结原有规范基础上进行修订的,目前,新规范实施已经一年多了,依据新规范审批的建设工程陆续进入验收阶段,因此,在建筑面积测量中如何正确用好新规范显得尤为重要。本文就新规范的技术要点进行分析,以便于技术人员和管理人员正确使用新规范。  相似文献   

船闸泄水作用下引航道中动水冲沙规律          下载免费PDF全文

徐进超  李云  宣国祥  刘本芹  金英 《水科学进展》2016,27(2):186-195

结合工程实际,研究利用船闸泄水进行下游引航道清淤,对减少清淤成本、提高通航效率有着重要的工程价值。建立枢纽及船闸下游引航道的二维水沙数学模型,采用已有模型试验对水流场和泥沙场进行验证。研究引航道及口门区的泥沙淤积规律,在此基础上,分析船闸输水系统的水力特性,研究了不同冲刷流量、冲刷时间和初始淤积厚度下引航道及口门区的冲刷效果,得出船闸泄水量与引航道及口门区最大淤积厚度的关系。结果表明,在同一初始淤积地形和冲刷流量下,引航道及口门区的最大淤积厚度与冲刷时间呈线性变化,冲刷流量越大,泥沙厚度下降的斜率越大。淤积厚度低于一定值后,随冲刷时间的增加,冲刷效果开始减弱。  相似文献   

若尔盖铀矿田漏失层空心微珠泥浆试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴金生  董洪栋  张统得  刘卫东 《探矿工程》2016,43(3):9-12

若尔盖铀矿是我国四大基本类型铀矿田之一,矿层为灰岩、硅灰岩,圈团状纵向裂隙发育,长孔段失返性全漏失,泥浆性能难以维护,孔壁失稳,堵漏花费大量的人力、物力。为提高钻进效率,针对地层漏失机理,通过降低漏失压力实现平衡钻进,分别开展了空气泡沫、微泡沫泥浆以及空心微珠等低密度泥浆体系的研究和试验。实践表明,空心微珠低密度泥浆体系是一种适合若尔盖铀矿田漏失层钻进的泥浆体系。  相似文献   

Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a submarine channel system in SE Brazil (Espírito Santo Basin): Scale comparison with other submarine channel systems     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

Detailed morphological analyses of a Pleistocene-Holocene submarine channel system in terms of its hierarchical framework, were carried out using a 3D seismic volume from offshore Espírito Santo, SE Brazil. The channel morphology shows marked variations, with five segments (Segments a to e) being identified along its full length. For example, the cross-sectional area of the channel decreases by a factor of 70 from Segment a to Segment c, and is then followed by a nearly four-fold increase from Segment c to Segment d. The significant changes in channel morphology relate to temporal and spatial variations in flow volume within the channel. In the same channel system, the valley reveals three distinct segments (Segments A to C), with similar aspect ratios but marked variations in morphology along the valley distance. Valley morphological changes are chiefly affected by erosional processes. Segment B is characterised by the largest valley-base width, valley width, and cross-sectional area compared to the other two segments. Valley enlargement in Segment B results from relatively high degrees of lateral channel migration and associated cut bank erosion, leading to the widening of the valley, especially the valley base. In Segment C, the valley is characterised by inner bank erosion in the form of shallow-seated mass failures, which only enlarged the upper part of the valley wall. The spatial variations in both channel and valley morphology documented here suggest an important role of local factors (e.g. salt diapirs, tributaries, overbank collapse) in the development of channel systems. Hence, the morphological analyses developed in this work provide an effective tool for studying channels and valleys on continental slopes around the world.  相似文献   

渤海湾曹妃甸深槽海区地形地貌特征及控制因素   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

褚宏宪  史慧杰  宗欣  高小惠  方中华  刘晓东 《海洋科学》2016,40(3):128-137

通过研究浅层地震剖面、侧扫声纳和水深地形等数据资料,得出,曹妃甸沙岛的岬角地貌引起深槽海域局部潮流流速增大,甸头前沿深槽区以冲刷为主,最大水深达42 m,刷新了渤海湾最大水深记录,深槽部位的侵蚀量最大,深槽南坡冲刷幅度大于北坡,工程建设后期深槽区侵蚀冲刷程度有变小变缓趋势。早期深槽的形成是由于浅部断层受深部构造影响发生阶梯状错断沉陷,海底地层形成古凹槽,但深槽海底地层沉陷速率略大于沉积速率,使得深槽海域长期保持了渤海湾最大的水深环境。初步得出在历史时期曹妃甸深槽经过2万a以上长期存在,深槽的走向经历了南北向-北东向-北西向的转化过程。认为地质构造、古滦河三角洲演变、海洋水动力作用和人类活动等内外营力作用共同控制了曹妃甸海区地貌体系的发育与演化。达到了研究渤海湾曹妃甸深槽海区地形地貌控制因素和深槽的地质演化的目的,为曹妃甸港的规划、运营期维护和未来发展提供科学依据具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Role of hydrological regime and floodplain sediments in channel instability of the Bhagirathi River,Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta,India     

Sanat Kumar Guchhait  Aznarul Islam  Balai Chandra Das  Nishith Kumar Maji 《自然地理学》2016,37(6):476-510

Abstract

This research deals with the surface dynamics and key factors – hydrological regime, sediment load, and erodibility of floodplain facies – of frequent channel shifting, intensive meandering, and lateral instability of the Bhagirathi River in the western part of the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD). At present, the floodplain of the Bhagirathi is categorized as a medium energy (specific stream power of 10–300 W m^?2), non-cohesive floodplain, which exhibits a mixed-load and a meandering channel, an entrenchment ratio >2.2, width–depth ratio >12, sinuosity >1.4, and channel slope <0.02. In the study area, since 1975, four meander cutoffs have been shaped at an average rate of one in every 9–10 years. In the active meander belt and sand-silt dominated floodplains of GBD, frequent shifting of the channel and meander migration escalate severe bank erosion (e.g. 2.5 × 10⁶ m³ of land lost between 1999 and 2004) throughout the year. Remote sensing based spatio-temporal analysis and stratigraphic analysis reveal that the impact of the Farakka barrage, completed in 1975, is not the sole factor of downstream channel oscillation; rather, hydrogeomorphic instability induced by the Ajay–Mayurakshi fluvial system and the erodibility of floodplain sediments control the channel dynamics of the study area.  相似文献   

走滑断裂古地震探槽选址范例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

袁兆德  刘静  李占飞  邵延秀  李志刚  王鹏  王伟  姚文倩 《地质通报》2016,35(11):1807-1828

探槽选址直接决定了古地震研究的质量,且理想探槽位置具有稀缺性。在收集82篇国内外走滑断裂古地震研究论文的基础上,分析了长序列古地震探槽选址和同震位移探槽选址的构造地貌共性特征。长序列古地震探槽一般布设在断塞塘、拉分盆地、小型湖盆、闸门脊汇水一侧及比较平缓的冲洪积扇或大型冲洪积扇末端等地貌位置。这些地貌位置的共同特征是位于连续的、较高沉积速率的沉积环境,且通常富集14C测年物质。在探槽选址的过程中,不仅要对现今沉积环境,也要对其古地理环境进行评价。然而以发掘古地震同震位移为目的的探槽选址则不同,成功的研究点往往较频繁发生侵蚀和下切事件,其中冲沟是最常见的地貌标志。探槽布设以垂直和平行探槽为主,采取逐次掘进或相间平行排列的方式开挖。由于理想探槽位置的稀缺性,所以在这些优质的探槽点一定要开展长期详细地深入研究,最大限度获得古地震事件的长序列,同时也要注意新技术和新方法的应用。  相似文献   

长江河口主槽地貌形态观测与分析   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

吴帅虎  程和琴  胥毅军  李九发  郑树伟  徐韦  陆雪骏 《海洋工程》2016,34(6):65-73

人类活动可以改变流域至河口的泥沙输运与沉积。尽管一些近期的研究已经调查了长江河口的形态演变,然而,流域和河口工程如何影响河口河床的形态演变仍然是不清楚的。该文利用2010年至2015年多波束测深系统和浅地层剖面仪等先进现场测量仪器的长江口主槽走航测量资料,并结合主槽表层沉积物资料,分析了近年来人为强干扰下的长江河口主槽底床微地貌形态,以理解近期人类活动对河口的影响。结果显示:近年来长江河口主槽底床上除了存在平床、沙波、冲沟和冲刷痕等常见微地貌形态外,还存在着疏浚痕和凹坑等人为微地貌形态。在流域和河口大型工程的共同影响下,近年来南北港中上段、横沙通道和南槽上段均受到不同程度的冲刷,其主槽底床上呈现出不同程度冲沟和冲刷痕等侵蚀性微地貌。而由于疏浚工程的影响,南港下段、圆圆沙航槽和北槽航道底床上出现了大范围的疏浚痕和凹坑。近年来包括南槽上段、北槽主槽中段和下段的局部区域和北港拦门沙河段局部区域在内的长江河口最大浑浊带的河床沉积物有粗化趋势。南北港中上段和横沙通道的大部分区域均发育了大量沙波微地貌;总体上,长江河口沙波的波高在0.12~3.12 m,波长在2.83~127.89 m,波高/波长在0.003~0.136,长江河口中上段的沙波尺度(波高的均值为0.91 m,波长的均值为20.08 m)大于密西西比河下游(波高的均值为0.87 m,波长的均值为17.62 m),且两区域沙波的几何形态差异性较小。  相似文献