Performance of Mortar and Chemical Grout Injection into Surrounding Soil When Slurry Pipe-jacking Method is Used   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hideki Shimada  Takashi Sasaoka  Saeid Khazaei  Yasuhiro Yoshida  Kikuo Matsui 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(1):57-77

Small-diameter shallow tunnels are often being built by using the slurry pipe-jacking method. This system involves the pushing or thrusting of a drivage machine and concrete pipes into the ground. Chemical grout injection into the surrounding soil around the tunnel is carried out after the drivage and pushing processes are finished. The purpose of the chemical grout injection is to maintain permanent stability of the surrounding soil. However, the behavior of the chemical grouting material in the surrounding soil around the tunnel and the amount of optimum injection is not clearly understood. From these points of view, this paper discusses the performance of the chemical grouting material, when it is injected into the surrounding soil around the tunnel, by means of 2-D Eulerian–Lagrangian seepage analysis. Moreover, the effectiveness of the chemical grout injection was evaluated by using the non-linear finite element method. This investigation show when the range of the grouted zone is designed; it is necessary that the relationship between Young’s modulus of the soil/grouted zone and the confining stress be taken into consideration in order to establish effective, economical and safe chemical grout injection system. Understanding the performance of the seepage/dispersion behavior of the chemical grout and the characteristics of soil/ grouted zone is also important.  相似文献   

Origin of fluids in iron oxide–copper–gold deposits: constraints from δ 37Cl, 87Sr/86Sri and Cl/Br     

Massimo Chiaradia  Dave Banks  Robert Cliff  Robert Marschik  Antoine de Haller 《Mineralium Deposita》2006,41(6):565-573

The origin of the hypersaline fluids (magmatic or basinal brine?), associated with iron oxide (Cu–U–Au–REE) deposits, is controversial. We report the first chlorine and strontium isotope data combined with Cl/Br ratios of fluid inclusions from selected iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits (Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, Sossego), a deposit considered to represent a magmatic end member of the IOCG class of deposit (Gameleira), and a magnetite–apatite deposit (El Romeral) from South America. Our data indicate mixing of a high δ ³⁷Cl magmatic fluid with near 0‰ δ ³⁷Cl basinal brines in the Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, and Sossego IOCG deposits and leaching of a few weight percent of evaporites by magmatic-hydrothermal (?) fluids at Gameleira and El Romeral. The Sr isotopic composition of the inclusion fluids of Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, and El Romeral confirms the presence of a non-magmatic fluid component in these deposits. The heavy chlorine isotope signatures of fluids from the IOCG deposits (Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, Sossego), reflecting the magmatic-hydrothermal component of these fluids, contrast with the near 0‰ δ ³⁷Cl values of porphyry copper fluids known from the literature. The heavy chlorine isotope compositions of fluids of the investigated IOCG deposits may indicate a prevailing mantle Cl component in contrast to porphyry copper fluids, an argument also supported by Os isotopes, or could result from differential Cl isotope fractionation processes (e.g. phase separation) in fluids of IOCG and porphyry Cu deposits.  相似文献   

额济纳绿洲沙尘暴沉积特征     

温小浩  李保生  王为  LI Sen  OU Xianjiao  ZHENG Yanming 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(4):502-508

1 Introduction Oases are unique ecosystems and important residences for our ancestors in arid and semiarid regions of the world, and have deeply been imprinted by human actions, such as Jericho oasis of Jordan Valley, Jarmo oasis of the Euphrates River an…  相似文献   

Gold mining in Ghana's forest reserves: a report on the current debate     

Gavin Hilson  Frank Nyame 《Area》2006,38(2):175-185

This paper examines the debate surrounding a recent decision made by the Ghanaian government to permit gold exploration – and potentially, mining – in 'protected' forest reserves. In 2001, four mining companies were awarded mineral exploration concessions in forested regions of the country, and have since put forward applications to mine for gold. Notwithstanding the sharp divide in opinion on the issue, the continued uncertainty surrounding the implications of the proposed activities makes further research on the ground imperative in the short term. Work aiming to elicit indigenous perspectives on the projects, as well as research that facilitates dialogue between and/or among stakeholder parties, should be prioritized.  相似文献   

Reply to comment by Y. Park and J.-H. Ree on 'Chemical remagnetization of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic Pyeongan Supergroup in the Jeongseon area, Korea: fluid migration through the Ogcheon Fold Belt'     

Yong-Hee Park  Seong-Jae Doh  Dongwoo Suk 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(1):20-23

In their comment, Park & Ree have raised several points against the interpretation by Park et al. , and argued that the remagnetization in the Jeongseon area was caused by the thermal effects of a Late Cretaceous pluton and/or associated short-range hydrothermal fluids, rather than by long-range fluids advocated by us.
We disagree with most points raised by Park & Ree and we make a case that these are invalid because of what we believe is incorrect geologic evidence. Hence, our model—that the fluids causing the chemical remagnetization might migrate through the fault system within the Ogcheon Fold Belt—is the most plausible scenario. We recognize that our model needs to be tested in a future study and we welcome new interpretations for or against our model based on reliable geologic or geophysical data.  相似文献   

要十分重视另一类型地质灾害的防治     

蒋承菘 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(3):96-97,102

文章提出另一类型地质灾害,即化学型地质灾害的定义及其分类。并认为化学型地质灾害不像物理型地质灾害那样发生瞬时灾害,而有一个延缓过程,但是一旦发生,难于挽救。化学型地质灾害体的主体是化学元素,开展地球化学调查,研究化学元素的赋存规律、土壤及沉积物承受各类元素的极限、各类元素活化的条件是揭示诱发化学型地质灾害机理的关键。因此要十分重视与加强化学型地质灾害的调查、研究、监测与治理工作。  相似文献   

贵州东部石英脉型金矿地质特征和成矿作用   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

王尚彦  张立新  陶平  戴传固  况顺达  王敏 《贵州地质》2006,23(1):36-43

贵州东部以晚元古代地层为容矿地层的金矿,主要是石英脉型金矿。它们主要分布在从江地区、天柱—锦屏—黎平地区和梵净山地区。前2者处于南华褶皱带西缘,后者处于南华褶皱带与扬子陆块的过渡带。矿体分布在断裂(带)和背斜核部。共伴生矿物为石英、黄铁矿、毒砂、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿,黄铜矿,辉锑矿、绿泥石等。矿化蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化、绿泥石化为主。形成温度主要集中在100℃～350℃,是中低温热液矿床,呈现100～150℃和200～300℃两个区段。金有来源于围岩的、也有来源于深部岩浆的；流体有来源于地层和深部的,也有大气降水的混入。金矿的形成是多时代多阶段形成的：雪峰期提供原始物质；加里东期是一次主要成矿期；燕山时期也是一个重要的金矿形成时期,不但形成新金矿,还改造加里东期形成的金矿  相似文献   

从流体包裹体特征探讨泥堡金矿成因   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

刘平  杜芳应  杜昌乾  雷志远  樊正烈  徐石辉  阚小波 《贵州地质》2006,23(1):44-50

泥堡金矿床据脉石矿物和萤石的包裹体研究,包裹少而小,类型较为简单。综合包裹体各项参数和气液成分分析认为,成矿流体属NaCl-H_2O体系的富K~ 的、弱酸性溶液,具有较高密度、较低盐度和中-低温度的特点。结合硫和氢氧同位素测定结果,成矿流体是燕山运动阶段的地表水沿断裂深循环,特别是在富K、富Au的凝灰岩中往复循环作用形成的。当各种条件具备时即可卸载成矿,成矿的最佳位置就是沿P_(2-3)β_1与P_2m~(dc)之间沉积间断面发生的层间滑动构造带。  相似文献   

Toxicities of p-nitrotoluenes and their effects on blood corpuscles and ovaries in Crusian carps (Carassius auratus)     

匡少平  宋峰 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(4):374-378

p-nitrotoluene is an important organic intermediate widely used in pesticide, foamed plastics, dyestuff and medicine industries. In this paper, Crusian carps (Carassius auratus) were exposed to dilute p-nitrotoluene solutions with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 μg/L; the subsequent physiological responses to the chemical were observed, and the variation characteristics of blood corpuscles, ovaries and oocytes were studied by bio-microscopy. Results showed that even very low concentrations of p-nitrotoluene would lead to toxicosis and even the death of Carassius auratus. The bio-microscopic structures revealed that, compared with the compartment of Carassius auratus growing in the p-nitrotoluene-free water (the control group), the lower concentrations of p-nitrotoluene (for example no more than 80 μg/L) would result in the faster disintegration of erythrocytes and the significant enlargement of oocytes, while the higher contents of p-nitrotoluene (no less than 240 μg/L in this case) would inhibit the division of cells and their further growth, even degenerate blood corpuscles and ovaries, suggesting stronger estrogenic activities. The study is financially supported by the Development Foundation of Science and Technology under Shandong Provincial Education Department (No. J05D51).  相似文献   

Experimental research on a new encapsulated heat-generating hydraulic fracturing fluid system     

吴金桥  张宁生  吴新民  刘晓娟 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(2):162-166

1 IntroductionFracturing plays an important role in increasingthe production and injection and enhancing the final re-covery of oil and gas. At present, the use of ahydroxypropyl guar gum, borate-crosslinked, hydraulicfracturing fluid systemhas become ext…  相似文献