A Complex Petrogenesis for an Arc Magmatic Suite, St Kitts, Lesser Antilles   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Toothill  J.; Williams  C. A.; MacDonald  R.; Turner  S. P.; Rogers  N. W.; Hawkesworth  C. J.; Jerram  D. A.; Ottley  C. J.; Tindle  A. G. 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(1):3-42

St Kitts forms one of the northern group of volcanic islandsin the Lesser Antilles arc. Eruptive products from the Mt Liamuigacentre are predominantly olivine + hypersthene-normative, low-Kbasalts through basaltic andesites to quartz-normative, low-Kandesites. Higher-Al and lower-Al groups can be distinguishedin the suite. Mineral assemblages include olivine, clinopyroxene,orthopyroxene, plagioclase and titanomagnetite with rarer amphibole,ilmenite and apatite. Eruptive temperatures of the andesitesare estimated as 963–950°C at fO₂ NNO + 1 (whereNNO is the nickel–nickel oxide buffer). Field and mineralchemical data provide evidence for magma mixing. Glass (melt)inclusions in the phenocrysts range in composition from andesiteto high-silica rhyolite. Compositional variations are broadlyconsistent with the evolution of more evolved magmas by crystalfractionation of basaltic parental magmas. The absence of anycovariation between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr or ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and SiO₂ rulesout assimilation of older silicic crust. However, positive correlationsbetween Ba/La, La/Sm and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and between ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pband SiO₂ are consistent with assimilation of small amounts (<10%)of biogenic sediments. Trace element and Sr–Nd–Pbisotope data suggest derivation from a normal mid-ocean ridgebasalt (N-MORB)-type mantle source metasomatized by subductedsediment or sediment melt and fluid. The eruptive rocks arecharacterized by ²³⁸U excesses that indicate that fluid additionof U occurred <350 kyr ago; U–Th isotope data for mineralseparates are dominated by melt inclusions but would allow crystallizationages of 13–68 ka. However, plagioclase is consistentlydisplaced above these ‘isochrons’, with apparentages of 39–236 ka, and plagioclase crystal size distributionsare concave-upwards. These observations suggest that mixingprocesses are important. The presence of ²²⁶Ra excesses in twosamples indicates some fluid addition <8 kyr ago and thatthe magma residence times must also have been less than 8 kyr. KEY WORDS: Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes; U-series isotopes; crystal size distribution; petrogenesis  相似文献   

Comparison of the graphic and moment methods for analyzing grain-size distributions: A case study for the Chinese inner continental shelf seas     

《国际泥沙研究》2022,37(6):729-736

  相似文献   

A comparative study of sand- and silt-sized quartz fractions for MAR-VSL dating using loess-palaeosol deposits in southern Germany     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Multiple-aliquot regenerative-dose violet stimulated luminescence (MAR-VSL) dating studies of the Chinese loess-palaeosol sequence in Luochuan using sand- and silt-sized quartz have previously produced inconsistent results; the VSL ages were in agreement with their independent ages up to ∼900 ka for sand-sized quartz, whereas the silt-sized VSL ages underestimated the independent chronology beyond ∼100 ka. Here we therefore evaluate the VSL dose response pattern of sand- (63–100 μm) and silt-sized (4–11 μm) quartz grains from the loess-palaeosol sequence in southern Germany in high resolution but with a limited age range up to ∼160 ka. All the samples studied benefit from good age control provided by reliable quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages and fading corrected feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence at 225 °C (pIRIR₂₂₅) ages, which can be used for assessing the validity of the estimated VSL ages. The comparison of the MAR standardised dose response curve (DRC) using regeneration doses up to ∼1000 Gy for both grain size fractions demonstrates that they are almost similar in shape with comparable characteristic saturation doses. The comparison of the natural and laboratory generated DRCs of each grain size reveals that they broadly overlap in the low dose range for both fractions, while in the high dose range the deviation between natural and laboratory DRCs is higher for the silt-sized quartz fraction. It is also shown that the magnitude of the characteristic saturation dose is dependent upon the size of the maximum given dose, especially for the silt-sized quartz. The constructed laboratory standardised DRCs to very high doses (up to ∼6000 Gy) showed continuous signal growth at high doses, particularly in the case of silt-sized quartz grains, thereby confirming our previous observation. The sand-sized quartz has a much less pronounced linear growth component and can therefore be considered more suitable for dating samples with equivalent doses falling on the high dose region of the DRC.  相似文献   

湛江湾红树林湿地沉积柱粒度特征及沉积动力分析     

罗松英  全晓文  陈碧珊  邱锦坤  梁家新  邓子艺 《现代地质》2021,35(3):647-656

粒度是反映沉积动力特征的重要参数,红树林湿地沉积物在输送和沉积过程中记录了丰富的沉积环境信息。为探讨湛江湾红树林湿地沉积物粒度垂向特征及沉积动力过程,加强对湿地生态保护,通过运用图解法、对比研究法分析湛江湾南海堤(NHD)、东头山岛(DTSD)、湖光镇(HGZ)和观海长廊(GHCL)4个站位红树林湿地沉积柱粒度参数特征、频率分布曲线以及沉积速率,揭示近百年来湛江湾的沉积动力演变。结果表明:(1)NHD和DTSD沉积柱的²¹⁰Pb_ex比活度都呈现较好的指数衰变趋势,且沉积速率逐年增加。近百年来,NHD和DTSD平均沉积速率分别为1.277 cm/a和1.034 cm/a,但在2011年之后DTSD的速率远超过NHD。(2)各沉积柱粒度特征存在明显差异。NHD沉积柱粒径均值为3.42ϕ,以砂为主(67.23%),为粉砂质砂;DTSD粒径均值为5.71ϕ,分选系数2.21,组分以粉砂为主(55.13%),为砂质粉砂;HGZ沉积柱粒径均值为5.49ϕ,沉积物类型为砂质粉砂;GHCL粒径均值为4.18ϕ,砂为主要组分(55.85%)。(3)各沉积柱4个层位的粒度频率分布曲线呈现多峰态特征,沉积过程掺杂了多种沉积介质的作用。NHD和GHCL粒级集中在砂质颗粒端,指示较强的沉积动力;DTSD和HGZ粉砂粒级突出,沉积动力较弱。(4)沉积物粒度特征与所在陆源或岛屿、径流来沙有关;沉积过程深受潮流动力、红树林的分布及人类活动的影响。近年来湛江湾沉积速率的加快可能会对航道产生影响,应加强对湾内湿地生态环境的重视。  相似文献   

基于端元法的银川盆地MIS6—MIS5气候变化探究     

许可可  杨振京  宁凯  韩强强  毕志伟  赵楠楠 《现代地质》2021,35(5):1311-1322

银川盆地位于东亚季风与西风带的交界带,地层沉积物记录着气候环境的演变信息。通过对银川盆地LS01钻孔沉积物进行光释光定年、粒度分析以及端元分析重建了该地区MIS6—MIS5时期的气候演变序列。结果表明,端元分析得到4个有具体环境指示意义的端元Em1—Em4:Em1代表了水动力较弱的弱流水或湖沼相沉积;Em2代表了水动力较强的河流沉积;Em3和Em4可指代区域构造抬升事件。气候演变分为6个阶段:150~137 ka(MIS6),银川盆地气候冷干,出现两次构造抬升事件;137~110 ka(MIS5),气候整体较为暖湿,期间有3次暖事件a1(137~129 ka)、a2(124~120 ka)和a3(118~111 ka);110~107 ka(MIS5),气候转向冷干;107~102 ka(MIS5),气候由冷转暖,出现冷事件b1(106~104 ka),整体偏暖湿;102~87 ka(MIS5),气候较冷干;87~75 ka(MIS5),出现冷事件b2(87~84 ka),但整体偏暖湿。该区域MIS6—MIS5阶段气候变化主要受夏季太阳辐射和岁差驱动。  相似文献   

三峡库区黏性泥沙在紊动剪切作用下的絮凝试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

祖波  王军  李振亮  李旺 《水科学进展》2018,29(2):196-203

采集三峡库区忠县黄花城河段黏性泥沙进行紊动剪切作用下的絮凝试验研究。试验装置主要包括沉降柱、絮体分离室和絮体图像采集系统,试验中采用振动格栅产生近似均匀紊流场,并通过ADV（Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry）测量流速来校核流体剪切率和格栅振动频率的关系。试验结果表明:① 该黏性泥沙絮凝效果明显,絮体最大粒径D_f,95为73~126 μm、平均粒径D_f,50为18~33 μm,絮体粒径分布受紊动剪切率和泥沙浓度的影响较大;② 随着紊动剪切率的增大（从3.84 s-1至30.07 s-1）,D_f,95呈先增大后减小的趋势;当剪切率为19.94 s-1时,D_f,95达到最大值,大絮体（粒径大于96μm）的数量百分数也达到最大值;③ 相同紊动剪切率条件下,不同浓度（0.3~1.0 g/L）泥沙絮凝后的絮体粒径分布,基本符合"泥沙浓度越高,D_f,95越大"的趋势。  相似文献   

河床粗化过程中推移质输移特征试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

徐元  朱德军  孟震  李丹勋 《水科学进展》2018,29(3):339-347

为了研究河床粗化破坏与形成过程中推移质的输移特征,基于一套新型的接沙系统,在上游无来沙条件下,进行了3组不同床沙级配的水槽试验,研究了递增梯级流量作用下河床粗化破坏与形成的过程,采集到一套高精度（0.1 g）、高频率（1 Hz）的实时推移质输沙率及分时段输沙级配数据,分析了累积输沙量、输沙率及输沙级配的变化特征。结果表明,粗化过程中累积输沙量随时间基本呈幂函数规律增长,且"粗化破坏再形成"的累积输沙量曲线出现明显转折点;推移质输沙率表现出明显的非恒定性,其粗化形成阶段的耗时要远大于粗化破坏阶段的时间,两者之比范围为3.5~20.5;推移质输沙级配中粗颗粒比例随时间变化趋势与输沙率相似,在输沙率达到峰值附近时,输沙级配与原始床沙级配相同。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Holocene Loess-Palaeosol Particle Size Composition and Paleoclimatic Significance in East Guanzhong,Shaanxi Province     

Zhaoduo Wang  Chunchang Huang  Yali Zhou  Jiangli Pang  Xiaochun Zha 《地球科学进展》2018,33(3):293-304

This paper made an end-member analysis of particle size data collected from 150 samples based on the continuous Holocene Loess-Paleosol profile (Yaohecun profile) in east Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wavelet analysis was also performed for the EMs along the time scale of depth.The result shows that three end members can be separated from different sediment particle sizes. Based on comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility and geochemical index, it was considered that the End-member 1 might indicate the weathering and pedogenic remoulding after sediment deposition under the east Asian summer monsoon. The End-member 2 might indicate dynamic effect of dust storm accumulation under the influence of northwest monsoon, representing typical component characteristics of aeolian loess.The End-member 3 indicated the stronger transporting force for coarse components, which should belong to the northeasterly winds for the coarse-grained near-source sediments from the Yellow River flood plain. Results of wavelet analysis show that each EM has different periodic characteristics at 1.5 ka, 3.0 ka and 4.5 ka scales.The End-element analysis method has a good effect in indicating the sedimentary environment and provenance characteristics of sediments. The combination characteristics of each End-member can reflect the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics combination and can well reflect the Holocene dynamic change course. At the same time, it hasreference significance to reconstruct the paleoclimate on the longer time scale.The wavelet analysis method provides significant results in terms of inversion cycles and trends of dynamics change of sedimentary particle size within each EM.  相似文献   

河南晚更新世—全新世黄土记录的环境变化及物源特征          下载免费PDF全文

王兆夺  黄春长  周亚利  庞奖励  查小春  郭永强 《高校地质学报》2018,24(3):380

基于河南新郑县的一套完整晚更新世—全新世黄土古土壤剖面(格大张剖面),应用端元分析模型,对75个沉积样品的粒度分析数据进行分析,并对各端元组分在地层深度对应的时间尺度上做了小波变换。结果认为,从格大张剖面沉积物粒级组分中可以分离出三个沉积端元,端元1可能指示了东亚夏季风作用动力特征,夏季风的强弱引起的温湿变化造成相应时期内沉积物的古土壤化的强弱;端元2可能指示了东亚冬季风作用下沙尘暴沉积动力作用特征,代表了典型风成黄土的粗颗粒组分特征;端元3粒级组分更粗,代表了更强搬运动力条件,应属于东北风搬运黄泛平原粗颗粒而来的近源沉积物,距今3100 a以来尤为显著。根据小波分析结果,认为各端元组分在不同的时间尺度上具有周期性特点。端元分析法在指示沉积物沉积动力环境和物源特征上具有很好的效果,各端元组合特征能够敏感地反映出沉积动力组合特征,很好地反映晚更新世以来各动力变化特征。采用小波分析方法对识别各端元组的周期性特征以及根据目前状态推断未来可能的趋势具有参考意义。  相似文献   

Downstream grain‐size changes associated with a transition from single channel to anabranching     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(5):1590-1610

Downstream variation in grain size associated with changes in river pattern is a topic that interests multiple disciplines. How grain size varies between adjacent reaches with strongly contrasting river pattern is an outstanding question. This study presents a combined field and numerical modelling investigation of a river with a downstream planform change from single channel to anabranching, where the planform is controlled by a change in underlying lithology. This approach enabled exploration of the controls on sedimentology in a river for which there is very limited opportunity to collect flow and sediment transport data. This study shows that the surficial grain size decreases as a result of the downstream change in planform. This is because of a decrease in flow velocity and shear stress associated with a decrease in channel depth related to the planform change. Channel geometries in both the field and modelling data fit into distinct groups based on channel depth, the deepest being the single channel reach and the shallowest being the anabranching. This downstream reduction in channel dimension (depth) is caused because the total discharge is split from one channel into multiple channels. The coarsest grain sizes (cobble) are deposited at the terminus of the single channel and in the distributary channels; anabranching channels contain sand‐size sediments. This study shows that, in a transition from single channel to anabranching, the channel dimensions decrease as the number of channels increases, resulting in a decrease in bed shear stress and the fining of bed material downstream.  相似文献