The smectite–chlorite transition in drillhole NJ-15, Nesjavellir geothermal field, Iceland: XRD, BSE and electron microprobe investigations     

P. SCHIFFMAN  G. O. FRIDLEIFSSON 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(6):679-696

Abstract In well NJ-15 of the Nesjavellir geothermal field, Iceland, the transition of discrete smectite into discrete chlorite has been studied from drill cuttings recovered at depths of less than 1714 m and over a continuous range of temperatures between 60 and 300° C. At temperatures below 180° C, the clay fractions contain mixtures of di- and trioctahedral smectites, whose layer charge increases with depth. Between 200 and 240° C, discrete smectites have transformed into smectite-rich, randomly interstratified chlorite and smecite ( R 0 C/S). Because the abundance of chlorite interlayers in this C/S is generally <20%, its presence can be detected only by electron microprobe techniques and not by X-ray diffraction. Between 245 and 265° C, both regularly ( R 1) and randomly interstratified C/S are the predominant layer silicates. Discrete chlorite first appears at approximately 270° C and coexists with minor amounts of R 0 C/S at higher temperatures.
R 0 and R 1 C/S form a nearly complete compositional series between trioctahedral saponite and discrete chlorite end-members. The interlayer cation and Si content of smectites and C/S decrease with increasing temperature. The Mg/(Mg + Fe) content of smectite, C/S, and chlorite is unrelated to temperature. The percentage of chlorite in C/S, as determined by electron microprobe analyses, increases continuously with increasing temperature, except for occurrences of smectite-rich C/S in fresh basaltic dykes which have not thermally equilibrated with the higher grade country rocks.  相似文献   

Mineralogical Characteristics and Short-wave Infrared Spectra of Chlorite as Indicators of Hydrothermal Centers: A Case Study of the Giant Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit at Qulong, Tibet     

TANG Nan  QIN Zhipeng  LI Yubin  DUO Ji  RAN Fengqin  DAI Jingjing 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(2):490-505

The Qulong deposit in Tibet is one of the largest porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits in China. We used short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy to examine the spectral characteristics of the extensively developed chlorite in this deposit. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses were used for phase identification and to obtain the chemical composition, ion substitution relationships, and formation environment of the chlorite. SWIR spectral parameters were applied to detect the hydrothermal centers. The results indicate that the wavelength of the absorption feature for Qulong chlorite Fe-OH (Pos2250) range from 2240 to 2268.4 nm; the chlorite substitution relationships are dominated by Mg-Fe substitution at the octahedral sites together with AlⅣ-Si substitution at the tetrahedral sites; the chlorite formation temperatures range within the medium-low temperature hydrothermal alteration range from 164 to 281°C, with an average value of 264°C; the wavelength of the chlorite peak position for Fe-OH (2250 nm) absorption and its chemical composition are positively correlated with AlⅥ, Fe + AlⅥ, Fe/(Fe + Mg), Fe, and Fe + AlⅣ but negatively correlated with Mg and Mg/(Fe + Mg); and the wavelength associated with the chlorite Fe-OH (2250 nm) absorption feature is positively correlated with the temperature at which the chlorite formed. These correlations indicate that more Fe and AlⅥ ions and fewer Mg ions at the octahedral sites of chlorite lead to a longer the wavelength of the chlorite Fe-OH (2250 nm) absorption feature and a higher chlorite formation temperature. The wavelength of the Qulong chlorite Fe-OH (2250 nm) absorption feature (>2252 nm) can thus serve as an exploration indicator to guide the detection of hydrothermal centers in porphyry copper deposits. The results of the study indicate that the mineralogical and SWIR spectral characteristics of chlorite are significant indicators for locating hydrothermal centers within porphyry deposits.  相似文献   

Fluid–rock interaction at the roots of an Eopaleozoic epithermal system, Sierra Norte de Córdoba, Argentina: Paragenesis, thermometry and fluid sources     

R. Lira  M.F. Poklepovic  M.J. Dorais  H.A. Millone  G.M. Gomez 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2009,28(3):263-276

A deep epithermal vein system hosted in Late Proterozoic to Cambrian granodiorite has been identified in the Sierra Norte de Córdoba, the easternmost range of the Sierras Pampeanas Orientales of Argentina. The vein swarm extends over an area of 3 km² parallel to a mylonitic belt and formed in fractured granodiorite. Thicknesses of veins are less than 0.5 m and their visible strike length is less than 100 m. Veins are either barren or weakly mineralized in base-metal sulfides. Most veins have mineral associations dominated by calcite and quartz with lesser amounts of chlorite, sericite, pyrite, and minor illite. In other less exposed albite-rich, adularia-bearing veins, chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, sphalerite, chalcocite and covellite may occur. The widespread occurrence of bladed calcite without any petrographic or microthermometric evidence of boiling implies that this particular habit of calcite may also develop under sub-near boiling fluid conditions. Thermometric calculations based on fluid inclusion data, chlorite composition and oxygen isotopes in the quartz–calcite pair, constrain the formation of the system between 300 and 350 °C, at pressures between 42 and 64 MPa (1.5–2.3 km). Stable isotope data suggest that W/R interaction might have been the most probable mechanism of alteration, involving the participation of meteoric fluids; nevertheless, the metallic signature of some weakly mineralized veins as well as intermediate fluid inclusion salinities favor a magmatic input and a mixed origin for the fluids. Textures and mineral associations, as well as the absence of evidence of boiling in fluid inclusions, all suggest that the silica–carbonate vein system formed deeper than typically shallow Au and Ag-bearing boiling solutions. A 485 (±25) Ma lamprophyre dike crosscuts some of these veins locally producing metasomatic reactions and skarn formation, which constrains the age of the hydrothermal system to the Cambrian-Early Ordovician time span.  相似文献   

陕甘宁盆地庆阳地区长8油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响   总被引：61，自引：7，他引：54  

张金亮  司学强  梁杰  林辉 《沉积学报》2004,22(2):225-233

庆阳地区长8油层为湖泊三角洲前缘沉积。水下分流河道和河口砂坝组成的指状砂坝控制了水下三角洲沉积格局。砂岩主要由细砂和少量中砂组成,砂岩类型主要为细粒岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。主要成岩矿物为绿泥石环边、方解石胶结物、石英和长石加大生长、伊利石、伊-蒙混层、钠长石和高岭石等。绿泥石环边的发育对原生粒间孔的保存起到有利的作用,对石英和长石加大起到抑制作用。烃类注入时储层埋深已较大,不利于孔隙保存。储层发育粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、铸模孔隙、特大孔隙、裂缝孔隙和微孔隙等多种孔隙类型,其中以粒间孔隙最为发育。局部发育的特大孔隙和伸长状孔隙表明该区发生了一定规模的次生溶蚀作用。长8油层主要受埋藏作用的影响,成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。主要成岩相类型为绿泥石环边胶结成岩相、压实充填成岩相、压实压溶成岩相和碳酸盐胶结成岩相,不同成岩相类型决定了油气储层性质不同,绿泥石环边胶结成岩相构成了本区最好的储层类型。  相似文献   

诸广南部产铀花岗岩长江岩体中的绿泥石和铀源矿物研究          下载免费PDF全文

张丽  孙立强  陈卫锋  伏顺成  付宏宁  高爽  魏文芳  沈渭洲  凌洪飞 《高校地质学报》2018,24(1):13

长江岩体是诸广南部地区重要的产铀花岗岩体之一,此次研究运用电子探针和扫描电镜对长江岩体新鲜花岗岩和 蚀变花岗岩中的绿泥石和有关含铀矿物进行了精细对比,揭示花岗岩中铀的活化与成矿前期或早期致使花岗岩发生绿泥 石化的还原性热液蚀变作用关系密切,黑云母等的绿泥石化蚀变,使其中包裹的一些含铀副矿物也发生蚀变,导致原来 以类质同象形式存在于副矿物中的惰性铀转变成活性铀,并在绿泥石附近沉淀成铀石等铀含量高且在成矿期低度氧化性 热液作用下容易释放铀的矿物。长江岩体中的副矿物有锆石、磷灰石、褐帘石、铀石-钍石、晶质铀矿、独居石等,其 中,晶质铀矿、铀石、铀钍石中铀含量高且铀容易释放,是长江岩体的主要铀源矿物;独居石中铀含量较高,当其周围 矿物绿泥石化时,独居石蚀变形成直氟碳钙铈矿并释放铀,因而也是长江岩体的潜在铀源矿物;锆石中铀含量虽高,但 因其结构稳定,铀难以释放,因此它不是长江岩体中重要的铀源矿物;磷灰石、褐帘石中铀含量均低于检测限,作为铀 源矿物的可能性很小。  相似文献   

Laboratory simulation of the salt weathering of schist: 1. Weathering of schist blocks in a seasonally wet tropical environment     

Tony Wells  Philip Binning  Garry Willgoose  Greg Hancock 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(3):339-354

Data describing sediment generation focusing on the temporal evolution of size gradation are required for the prediction of long‐term landform evolution. This paper presents such data for the salt weathering of a quartz‐chlorite schist obtained from the Ranger Uranium Mine in northern Australia. Rock fragment samples are subjected to three different climate regimes: (1) a dry season climate; (2) a wet season climate (both based on observations at the Ranger site); and (3) an oven‐drying sequence designed to test the sensitivity of the weathering process by exposing the rocks to more extreme temperatures. Two MgSO₄ salt solutions are applied, one being typical of wet season runoff and the other a more concentrated solution. Salt solution is applied daily in the wet season experiments and once only at the beginning of the dry season experiments. Results of the experiments reveal four stages of weathering. The kinetics of each stage are described and related to the formation of sediment of different sizes. Wet season climate conditions are shown to produce greater moisture variability and lead to faster weathering rates. However, salt concentrations in the wet season are typically lower and so when climate is combined with observed salt concentrations, the dry and wet season experiments weather at approximately equal rates. Finally, small variations in rock properties were shown to have a large impact on weathering rates, leading to the conclusion that rock weathering experiments need to be carefully designed if results are to be used to help predict weathering behaviour at the landscape scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

201和361铀矿床中绿泥石的特征及其形成环境研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张展适  华仁民  季峻峰  张彦春  郭国林  尹征平 《矿物学报》2007,27(2):161-172

绿泥石化是201和361铀矿床最重要的蚀变类型之一。本文在岩石薄片观察的基础上,采用电子探针分析技术研究了绿泥石的共生组合与形貌特征,测定了87个代表性绿泥石的化学成分,并据此划分了绿泥石的化学类型,计算了绿泥石的形成温度、n(Al)/n(Al Mg Fe)值等相关指数,讨论了绿泥石的形成机制及其与铀成矿的关系。研究表明:①岩石中绿泥石主要呈脉状、黑云母假象或团块状等产出,具有蠕虫状、叶片状等形貌特征;②绿泥石的Fe/Si图解显示201和361铀矿床中绿泥石主要为铁镁绿泥石和蠕绿泥石,少数属密绿泥石;③根据Battaglia提出的经验方程式计算了201和361铀矿床绿泥石的形成温度变化于179~276℃之间,且主要介于230~260℃之间;④绿泥石主要形成于还原环境,其主要的形成机制是溶解-沉淀和溶解-迁移-沉淀。  相似文献   

圣水峪辉绿泥石中多型的体衍生     

罗谷风  王玉华  薛纪越  张富生 《矿物学报》2001,21(3):295-298

根据透射电镜观察 ,在采自山东省泗水县圣水峪并作为镁普通角闪石之蚀变产物的辉绿泥石(K0 .0 1Na0 .0 1Ca0 .0 2 Mn0 .0 1Fe1.82 Mg2 .6 1Cr0 .0 4Al1.30 ) [Al0 .88Si3.12 O10 ](OH) 8中 ,发现了由两种不同的绿泥石规则一层多型所构成的体衍生现象。确认其中一种为α =12 0°的Ⅰb 3或Ⅱab 4多型 ,另一种为未确定的某种多型 (α =90°)。两者间的三维相互取向关系为 ,彼此的c 轴完全一致 ,a轴和b轴也都对应地两两相互平行 ;同时还有它们的 ( 0 0 1)面网间距d(0 0 1) 彼此相等。  相似文献   

蔡家营铅锌银多金属矿床的绿泥石结构特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯有利  郑辙  艾永富  郭延军 《矿物学报》2001,21(3):554-556

本文运用电子探针、红外光谱、X射线衍射分析等技术方法对蔡家营铅锌银多金属矿床绿泥石进行了研究。  相似文献   

埋藏成岩过程中绿泥石化学成分的演化   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

潘燕宁  周凤英  陈小明  季峻峰  王汝成 《矿物学报》2001,21(2):174-178

绿泥石广泛存在于各种岩石和地质环境中，其化学成分的变化，可反映其形成时的物理化学条件，本文采集了塔里木沉积盆地钻孔中样品，利用电子探针微区技术，探讨埋藏成岩过程中绿泥石化学万分的变化特征，研究发现，在埋藏成岩过程中，绿泥石的种类、结构式中的主要元素和埋藏深度之间有较好的相关性。本文研究的绿泥石类型主要为铁斜绿泥石（辉绿泥石两类，随深度的增加，其在分类图上逐渐向Fe含量增多和Si含量减少的方向分布，绿泥石结构式中Si含量随埋藏深度的增加而降低；Al^TV、Fe^2 和Fe/(Fe Mg)随埋藏深度的增加而增加，计算结果显示，绿泥石的形成温度为140-187℃，本研究地区的古地温梯度为：31.2℃/km。  相似文献