Impacts of future climate change on agroclimatic resources in Northeast China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zheng Chu  Jianping Guo  Junfang Zhao 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(9):1044-1058

In this study, the spatial distribution and changing trends of agricultural heat and precipitation resources in Northeast China were analyzed to explore the impacts of future climate changes on agroclimatic resources in the region. This research is based on the output meteorological data from the regional climate model system for Northeast China from 2005 to 2099, under low and high radiative forcing scenarios RCP4.5 (low emission scenario) and RCP8.5 (high emission scenario) as proposed in IPCC AR5. Model outputs under the baseline scenario, and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were assimilated with observed data from 91 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2010 to perform the analyses. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial distribution of temperature decreases from south to north, and the temperature is projected to increase in all regions, especially under a high emission scenario. The average annual temperature under the baseline scenario is 7.70°C, and the average annual temperatures under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are 9.67°C and 10.66°C, respectively. Other agricultural heat resources change in accordance with temperature changes. Specifically, the first day with temperatures ≥10°C arrives 3 to 4 d earlier, the first frost date is delayed by 2 to 6 d, and the duration of the growing season is lengthened by 4 to 10 d, and the accumulated temperature increases by 400 to 700°C·d. Water resources exhibit slight but not significant increases. (2) While the historical temperature increase rate is 0.35°C/10a, the rate of future temperature increase is the highest under the RCP8.5 scenario at 0.48°C/10a, compared to 0.19°C/10a under the RCP4.5 scenario. In the later part of this century, the trend of temperature increase is significantly faster under the RCP8.5 scenario than under the RCP4.5 scenario, with faster increases in the northern region. Other agricultural heat resources exhibit similar trends as temperature, but with different specific spatial distributions. Precipitation in the growing season generally shows an increasing but insignificant trend in the future, with relatively large yearly fluctuations. Precipitation in the eastern region is projected to increase, while a decrease is expected in the western region. The future climate in Northeast China will change towards higher temperature and humidity. The heat resource will increase globally, however its disparity with the change in precipitation may negatively affect agricultural activities.  相似文献   

Progress in the Research on Benefit-sharing and Ecological Compensation Mechanisms for Transboundary Rivers     

HAN Ze  SONG Wei  DENG Xiangzheng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(2):129-140

Transboundary rivers have important geopolitical and geo-economic connotations, but riparian states of transboundary rivers are often driven by their own rapid population growth and economic development to be-come involved in regional conflicts about the development and use of water resources. Therefore, finding a balance between the need for fair and reasonable development of water resources and the effective protection of environment from an ecological perspective has become a major problem faced by the international community. This paper begins with consideration of international water laws related to transboundary rivers and then reviews advances in the research on benefit-sharing, ecological compensation mechanisms, and adaptive management systems. We believe that existing international water laws form a complete legal system and that more attention needs to be paid to transboundary cooperation and sustainable water resource use. With respect to how transboundary water conflicts are resolved, there is a trend to move away from single water resource allocation (a zero-sum game) to benefit-sharing in order to achieve a win-win situation for riparian states, but there are still some difficulties in transboundary ecological compensation. In China, the central government has paid attention to horizontal ecological compensation between upstream and downstream, offering guidance to promote establishment of inter-province ecological compensation. Based on existing practice, horizontal ecological compensations are still in their infancy, small in scale, supported by a weak legal system, lacking market mechanisms to encourage their use and relying on fiscal transfers as the method of payment. In the future, China will need to intensify its research on legal system development, international cooperation, and benefit-sharing as these impact transboundary water resources. Because government can be seen as a management department with multiple identities (enabler, regulator and buyer), to improve adaptive transboundary ecological compensation mechanisms, government must develop as soon as possible data sharing platforms, standards of water consumption behaviors and intergovernmental policies (or ordinances).  相似文献   

湖南省饮用天然矿泉水资源潜力评价与开发利用区划     

黄树春  赵帅军  夏友  刘志尧  曾艳华 《地质与资源》2017,26(1):67-72

湖南省饮用天然矿泉水资源丰富、水质优良.本文从区域地质条件、水文地质条件以及矿泉水资源现状几个方面来选取评价因子,利用层次分析法构建评价指标体系,运用综合指数评价模型对湖南省饮用天然矿泉水资源潜力进行评价,最后根据评价结果划分了石门-慈利、张家界-永顺、绥宁等11个矿泉水资源高潜力区,石门-花垣等14个矿泉水资源较高潜力区,以及中等潜力区和低潜力区.此外基于资源潜力评价结果,结合市场潜力和开发利用经济技术条件两个方面,最后将全省区划为张家界-永顺矿泉水分布区、益阳-韶山-湘潭等4个矿泉水优先开发保护区,石门-慈利、隆回、绥宁等12个矿泉水重点开发保护区,以及远景开发保护区和限制开发保护区.  相似文献   

铝土矿资源量估算新方法探讨     

李建全  席善峰  李书文  欧阳兆灼  赵钦  王中宇  冯建涛 《地质与资源》2017,26(4):366

偃龙铝土矿（洛阳部分）是豫西地区通过整装勘查新发现的大型铝土矿床.在偃龙铝土矿勘查工作的基础上,通过深入研究铝土矿在垂向和横向上存在矿物和矿产方面的相变特征,在铝土矿的矿体圈定和连接方面提出了铝土矿与其共生矿产在走向和倾向上呈渐变过渡关系的新认识.基于该认识确定了一种新的铝土矿资源量的估算方法.  相似文献   

海域天然气水合物资源勘查工程进展          下载免费PDF全文

杨胜雄  梁金强  刘昌岭  沙志彬 《中国地质调查》2017,4(2):1-8

近年来,由中国地质调查局组织实施的“海域天然气水合物资源勘查”工程,按照工程总体部署,主要开展了我国南海北部海域的天然气水合物勘查、环境监测与评价,以及成矿理论、勘查与试采关键技术、实验模拟等研究工作,获取了海量基础数据,取得了一系列突破性进展和原创性成果,初步摸清了我国海域天然气水合物资源家底,为试采工程的实施提供了有力支撑。该工程全力支撑了中国地质调查局天然气水合物工程技术中心、国土资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室、国土资源部天然气水合物重点实验室建设,推动了科技创新与地质调查深度融合,促进了水合物学科的发展。  相似文献   

Considering river structure and stability in the light of evolution: feedbacks between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphology          下载免费PDF全文

Dov Corenblit  Neil S. Davies  Johannes Steiger  Martin R. Gibling  Gudrun Bornette 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(2):189-207

River ecological functioning can be conceptualized according to a four‐dimensional framework, based on the responses of aquatic and riparian communities to hydrogeomorphic constraints along the longitudinal, transverse, vertical and temporal dimensions of rivers. Contemporary riparian vegetation responds to river dynamics at ecological timescales, but riparian vegetation, in one form or another, has existed on Earth since at least the Middle Ordovician (c. 450 Ma) and has been a significant controlling factor on river geomorphology since the Late Silurian (c. 420 Ma). On such evolutionary timescales, plant adaptations to the fluvial environment and the subsequent effects of these adaptations on fluvial sediment and landform dynamics resulted in the emergence, from the Silurian to the Carboniferous, of a variety of contrasted fluvial biogeomorphic types where water flow, morphodynamics and vegetation interacted to different degrees. Here we identify several of these types and describe the consequences for biogeomorphic structure and stability (i.e. resistance and resilience), along the four river dimensions, of feedbacks between riparian plants and hydrogeomorphic processes on contrasting ecological and evolutionary timescales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近30a甘肃天水气候资源变化对杏产量影响评估     

许彦平  姚晓红  刘晓强  马杰  汪鸿宾 《干旱区地理》2015,38(4):684-691

气候变暖导致气候资源配置发生变化,由此而引发的农业气象灾害导致果树作物发育进程、果树产量出现较大波动。利用统计学方法对甘肃天水近30 a气候资源变化对杏树产量影响研究和分析,得出20世纪90年代以来杏树花芽膨大、现蕾、开花期较80年代提前6~7 d,果实成熟期提前10 d左右;由此而引发的农业气象灾害以初秋9月下旬、后冬1月下旬至2月上旬、花前3月上旬温暖干旱气候和花果期4月上中旬低温干旱气候对杏树产量形成影响最大,年际变化除后冬干旱灾害呈明显加重趋势,为本世纪影响杏树产量形成的主要农业气象灾害外,其它灾害在本世纪虽略有减轻,但危害程度仍明显重于80年代;10 a平均气候产量动态相对偏差百分率90年代(与80年代相比)减少29.9个百分点,本世纪减少7.8个百分点。评估有灾17 a,实况(轻、中、中大和大灾) 16 a,评估准确率94%,其中中灾和中大灾害评估准确率均达100%,评估效果比较理想,对农业防灾减灾有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

基于A-T-R的旅游小城镇分类、评价与发展模式研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶慧  刘家明  朱鹤  李玏  王磊 《地理科学》2015,35(5):529-536

在科学界定旅游小城镇基础上,梳理旅游小城镇的分类标准,确立一类基于核心吸引物（A）—小镇（T）—乡村环境（R）的新分类方法,将旅游小城镇分为AT一体、AT分离、A+T+R联动与ATR创意再造4种类型。结合旅游小城镇发展中的实际状态,依据A、T、R三类初始条件不同组合情况提炼出六大旅游小城镇的发展模式,为旅游小城镇深层次研究提供参考和依据,进一步推动旅游小城镇的健康发展。  相似文献   

自然旅游资源规制中的资本霸权——基于广东南昆山温泉的个案研究     

李鹏  保继刚 《地理科学》2015,35(7):838-844

资源与权力密切相关,具有政治性。只有提升到社会建构层面来认知旅游资源内涵,才得以洞悉中国旅游资源规制发展演变的本质。以广东南昆山温泉为典型案例,通过实地调查、政府档案梳理和深度访谈等方法对南昆山温泉资源规制的权力和社会过程进行深度考察,以期透过南昆山温泉的典型案例形成对中国旅游资源规制更为深入的理解。研究表明,中国在旅游资源领域的市场化改革在最近30 a时间里建立起一套资本逻辑的话语霸权。在国家拟定的市场化路径下,个人（开发商）逐渐取代国家成为各地温泉资源规制的主角;地方政府与开发商的联合很大程度上主导了温泉资源地方规制的演变过程,进而导致了普遍的社会非正义的现象。要维护旅游资源开发中的正义原则,就需要破除国家与社会对发展的迷思,并借由普遍主义的阶级政治来抵抗不正义的资本积累过程。  相似文献   

丝绸之路经济带资源、环境和经济格局与可持续发展模式（英文）     

董锁成  李泽红  李宇  石广义  于会录  王卷乐  李俊  毛琦梁  黄永斌 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2015,6(2):65-72

本文分析了丝绸之路经济带的资源、环境和经济格局,认为该格局有利于丝绸之路经济带沿线国家之间开展多领域、多层次的经济合作;在此基础上,论文提出了丝绸之路经济带主要经济合作模式和可持续发展道路,包括生态文明模式,区域经济一体化模式,交通经济带模式,国际旅游带合作模式;最后,论文总结了丝绸之路经济带实现可持续发展需要解决的关键科学问题,并提出了几个优先行动计划:建立丝绸之路经济带国际科学家联盟和思想库,建立丝绸之路经济带生态环境与可持续发展国际信息共享中心和科学决策支持系统,启动丝绸之路跨国科技交流合作与人才计划,建立丝绸之路经济带可持续发展国际合作委员会,建立应对气候变化和生态环境跨国共建、合作共赢机制。  相似文献