克拉玛依夏季日最高气温与08时 850hPa温度的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冀新琪 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(4):12-13

根据克拉玛依40年气温观测资料,分析克拉玛依夏季日最高气温与08时850hPa温度的关系,寻找预报夏季日最高气温关键因子.  相似文献   

Evolution of the fogwater composition in Strasbourg (France) from 1990 to 1999     

Pierre Herckes  Henri Wortham  Philippe Mirabel  Maurice Millet   《Atmospheric Research》2002,64(1-4)

The chemical composition of fogwater has been studied in the city of Strasbourg (France) from 1990 to 1999. During these years, fogwater samples have been collected and analysed for major ions and trace metals. This paper reports on the analysis of the collected dataset. The analysis revealed a significant decrease in acidity of approximately one pH unit over the course of the study. This decrease in acidity appears to be linked to a decrease in SO_2(g) and the resulting SO₄²⁻. Trace metal concentrations have also strongly decreased over the 10-year period. Pb concentrations, following the elimination of leaded gasoline, decreased by more than one order of magnitude.  相似文献   

Managed relocation: an assessment of its feasibility as a coastal management option     

Derek J Mcglashan 《The Geographical journal》2003,169(1):6-20

Managed relocation is explained and examined as an option to add to the usual categories considered in relation to managing coastal erosion. The paper considers the relocation of buildings in one unit, as opposed to demolition and re-construction. The standard coastal erosion management options are briefly noted and how managed relocation can fit into these options is explained. This paper focuses on four case studies. Two examples are from the USA and two from the UK; of these, two (one in each of the UK and USA) took place during the nineteenth century. Managed relocation is proposed as being feasible in particular cases, particularly where there are isolated historic or high value buildings.  相似文献   

Microclimate, freezing tolerance, and cold acclimation along an elevation gradient for seedlings of the Great Basin Desert shrub, Artemisia tridentata     

Michael E. Loik  Sean P.Redar 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,54(4):769-782

Vegetation, microclimate, seedling frequency, freezing tolerance, and cold acclimation were compared for seedlings of Artemisia tridentata collected from 1775, 2175, and 2575 m elevation in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Data were used to test the hypothesis that ecotypic differences in stress physiology are important for seedling survival along gradients from desert to montane ecosystems. The vegetation canopy cover and A. tridentata seedling frequency were greatest at 2575 m, compared to 1775 and 2175 m. Snow cover ameliorated temperatures near the soil surface for part of the winter and depth varied across elevations. Freezing tolerance was compared for seedlings maintained in growth chambers at day/night air temperatures of 25°C/15°C. The temperature at which electrolyte leakage and Photosystem II function (F_V/F_M) from leaves were half-maximum was approximately −13·5°C for leaves of seedlings from all three elevations. Shifting day/night air temperatures from 25°C/15°C to 15°C/5°C initiated about 1·5° of acclimation by plants from all three altitudes, with seedlings from the highest elevation exhibiting the greatest acclimation change. Measurements of ambient air and canopy temperatures at the three elevations indicated that wintertime average low temperatures were consistent with the measured degree of freezing tolerance. At small spatial scales used in this study, pollen and seed dispersal between study sites may have precluded resolution of ecotypic differences. Patterns of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation may depend on a combination of mesoclimate and microclimate temperatures, canopy cover, snow depth, and snow melt patterns.  相似文献   

An experimental investigation of LNAPL migration in an unsaturated/saturated sand   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Radhey S. Sharma  Mostafa H. A. Mohamed 《Engineering Geology》2003,70(3-4):305-313

Accidental spills of hydrocarbons, such as Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs), are one of the most common sources of subsurface contamination. Migration of LNAPL in a porous medium is influenced by various factors such as the number of fluids present in the unsaturated/saturated zones and the proportion of pores occupied by each fluid. The results for relationship between matric suction and degree of saturation are presented in this paper for water–air, water–LNAPL and LNAPL–air systems in a sand. A simple and reliable setup using Buchner funnel was designed to obtain these relations. It was found that the relationship between matric suction head and degree of saturation is hysteretic for all the fluid systems (water–air, water–LNAPL and LNAPL–air). Furthermore, the amount of hysteresis depended upon the fluid system, with the maximum hysteresis occurring for water–air system. The results suggest that the amount of trapped air depends upon the reversal degree of saturation from drying to wetting.  相似文献   

北京地区大气能见度变化规律及影响因子统计分析   总被引：60，自引：10，他引：60       下载免费PDF全文

王淑英  张小玲  徐晓峰 《气象科技》2003,31(2):109-114

1990～ 2 0 0 0年北京地区大气能见度的统计分析表明 ,大气能见度有明显的年际变化、季节变化和日变化特征。冬、春、秋三季及全年日平均年际变化表现为 2 0世纪 90年代中期能见度较好 ,前期和末期能见度较差 ,2 0 0 0年能见度迅速好转 ;夏季能见度年际变化在 1997年以前与其他季节相反 ,1995年能见度最差。大气能见度与同期地面气象条件和主要污染物浓度的相关性比较表明 ,春、夏、秋三季以空气湿度、PM10 和风速为主要影响因子 ,冬季以PM10 、SO2 、空气湿度和风速为主要影响因子。能见度与相对湿度和空气污染物浓度呈反相关 ,与风速的相关性较为复杂 (有时呈正相关 ,有时呈反相关 ) ;高湿度 (相对湿度 f≥ 80 % )、小风速 (地面风速u≤ 2m·s-1)和雾是造成低能见度的主要气象条件 ;污染物浓度对能见度的影响以冬季最为明显 ,秋季次之 ,夏季最差  相似文献   

北京地区一次典型大雾天气的空气污染过程物理量分布特征   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

程丛兰李青春  刘伟东吴正华 《气象科技》2003,31(6):345-350

2002年11月30至12月4日，北京持续4天大雾天气，空气污染物在持续的稳定层结条件下，空气质量连续3天达5级以上。文中分析了大雾天气各主要污染物的变化特征，以及此次过程中天气形势的特点及演变，并对造成大雾日空气污染天气的物理量分布特征进行分析。结果表明：高空WNW气流、稳定性持续增加、逆温层结持续存在、低空风速较小、相对湿度大，导致局地污染物不能及时随大气扩散；1000～700hPa有弱的上升气流形成和维持，与500hPa高空下沉气流之间在低空的某层高度上形成稳定层结(逆温层)，导致大雾及重污染的形成；850hPa为暖区，850～500hPa为冷平流，有利于大雾的形成和加重。  相似文献   

广东省空气质量预报系统   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

吴兑邓雪娇  林爱兰谷德军 梁建茵 《气象科技》2003,31(6):351-355

文章介绍了广东省气象系统开展空气质量预报的概况，包括使用的预报工具，其预报能力与业务运行的预报质量分析，以及进一步提高预报水平的一些设想。  相似文献   

一种新的城市SO₂污染统计预报方法及其应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨文峰  史宝忠 《应用气象学报》2003,14(2):223-229

针对目前采用的统计方法存在的不足, 即在选择预报因子时没有考虑预报因子之间的相关性, 挑选的预报因子由于非正交, 使回归计算的结果不稳定, 给计算带来一定的误差。该文提出把一元线性回归分析、自然正交函数 (EOF) 和逐步回归方法结合起来, 从而得到一种新的建立统计预报模型的方法。以西安市采暖期和夏季SO₂日均浓度为预报对象, 使用该方法建立预报模型。拟合及预报试验表明, 这些预报模型不但可以很好地拟合变化趋势, 而且还能作出较准确的预报, 采暖期预报的级别命中率为72.5 %, 夏季级别预报命中率为100%。通过对比试验, 此方法优于目前常用的逐步回归方法, 具有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

海南岛中低纬冷暖系统相互作用下的非台暴雨分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张春花 《气象研究与应用》2003,24(4):19-21

通过对1993年～2002年共10年的天气资料分析发现,在海南,中纬度的冷空气与低纬度在南海上活动的低压之间的相互作用,是秋季产生非台暴雨的非常重要的环流形势;同时发现,低空急流的存在与暴雨的产生有密切联系。并且对2000年10月13日～15日的暴雨过程利用T106物理量场诊断分析,说明暴雨形成的原因。  相似文献