Effects of metals and sediment particle size on the species composition of the epifauna of Pinna bicolor near a lead smelter,Spencer Gulf,South Australia     

Trevor J. Ward  Peter C. Young 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,18(1):79-95

Pinna bicolor (Mollusca: Pelecypoda) were transplanted between four sites near a lead smelter. The species composition of their epifauna (sessile and mobile) was examined in relation to characteristics of both sediments and seston at the sites. Seventy-two taxa were distinguished in the epifaunal community. Substantial differences were found in the short-term sensitivity of some of the species to concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in sediments and to sediment particle size. The short-term sensitivity of many species to metals or sediment particle size explained their long-term distribution pattern. Twenty-three taxa were identified as significantly characterizing the faunal differences. Of these, eleven (four molluscs, four bryozoans, two barnacles and one ascidian) were affected by both sediment metal concentration and particle size, and eight (four molluscs, one bryozoan, one polychaete, one hydroid and one barnacle) were affected by metal contamination but not particle size. Of all fauna examined, the Bryozoa were the most metal-sensitive. Four species, Smittina raigii (Bryozoa), Galeolaria sp. 1 (Polychaeta), Epopella simplex (Cirripedia) and Monia ione (Pelecypoda) were identified by their short- and long-term sensitivity to metal contamination, and absence of sensitivity to sediment particle size, as suitable species for monitoring the effects of metal contamination on the epifauna. The implications of the results for toxicity-testing are discussed.  相似文献   

On mean sea-level along the Brazilian coast     

A. R. de  Mesquita  A. S. Franco  J. Harari 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,87(1):67-77

Summary. (Part 1) Fourier analyses of mean monthly sea-level data from Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador and Imbituba, ports on the Brazilian coast, are made with simultaneous data of air temperature, sea surface atmospheric pressure, atmospheric precipitation and evaporation. Results show that the mean monthly sea-levels of ports below Recife's latitude show peaks in February-March and April-May which are apparently related to the seasonal temperature changes and the combined action of precipitation, winds and oceanographic large-scale changes. The port of Belém showed a stronger semi-annual seasonal component, which seems to be related to the alternate southern and northern hemispheres' influences of the atmospheric precipitation. (Part 2 of the paper presented at the Symposium concerned the longer term changes of sea-level, including an analysis of principal components. These subjects will be treated in a separate paper.)  相似文献   

Some observations on the effect of ozone treatment on suspended particulate matter in seawater     

Hasong Pak  James Kitchen  Percy Donaghay  J. Ronald  V. Zaneveld 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(3):327-336

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Factors affecting the elimination of PCBs in the marine copepod Acartia tonsa     

George B. McManus  Kevin D. Wyman  William T. Peterson  Charles F. Wurster 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(4):421-430

The effects of feeding, egg laying, and fecal pellet production on the elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the marine copepod Acartia tonsa were studied in a series of experiments. Copepods were exposed to ¹⁴C-labelled Aroclor 1254 and allowed to depurate in clean seawater. Copepods fed during depuration eliminated PCBs more rapidly than unfed copepods whether or not the original PCB exposure medium had contained food. Both eggs and fecal pellets contained PCBs during depuration, with the weight specific concentration of PCB in the eggs (up to 407 ppm, dry weight) exceeding four times that in the females that produced them. Female copepods eliminated PCBs twice as rapidly as males, indicating that egg production is an important route for PCB elimination.  相似文献   

Studies on the behaviour of nutrients in the Mandovi Estuary during premonsoon     

S.N. De Sousa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(3):299-308

Behaviour of silicate, nitrate and phosphate in the Mandovi Estuary was studied during the premonsoon season. The study shows that silicate is removed from the water column while nitrate showed an internal source. This nitrate source has been identified as the wash water from an iron ore screening plant which discharges the muddy waste directly into the river. Applying mixing relations, the distribution of this nitrate both up- and downstream of the outfall has been studied. Phosphate showed very low concentrations in the low salinity region; however, its concentration increased slightly towards the higher salinity region.  相似文献   

Trace metals in the Göta river estuary     

Lars-Göran Danielsson  Bertil Magnusson  Stig Westerlund  Kerong Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(1):73-85

The concentrations of the trace metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the Göta River estuary have been investigated. The following metal fractions have been determined: acid-leachable, dissolved, labile and particulate.The estuary represents a salt wedge type estuary and is situated in a densely populated region of Sweden. The metal concentrations found for the dissolved fraction is in the range of what can be considered as background levels for freshwater. It is difficult to evaluate any estuarine processes other than conservative mixing for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. The dissolved levels in the freshwater end member are Cd, 9–25 ngl^?1; Cu, 1·1–1·4 μgl^?1; Fe, 20–75 μg l^?1: Ni, 0·7–0·9 μg l^?1: Pb 0·09–0·2 μg l^?1; and Zn, 6–7 μg l^?1:The results from the acid-leachable fraction show that at high suspended load the particles sediment in the river mouth. The trace metal levels in this fraction are subject to large variations.  相似文献   

Estuarine retention of larvae of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii     

Thomas W. Cronin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(2):207-220

Larvae of estuarine organisms continually face possible export from the parent estuary. Retention of larvae of the estuarine crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii was investigated in the upper Newport River estuary, North Carolina. All of the developmental stages occurred in the same area of the estuary with similar horizontal distributions, and the concentrations of intermediate and late stages were not greatly reduced from those of the first larval stage. This was strong evidence for the continuous retention of larvae in the upper estuary.To determine mechanisms by which retention might be effected, field studies of the vertical distributions and migrations of these larvae were made. The four zoeal stages had similar but complex vertical migration patterns, which varied from study to study. These migrations centered on the depth of no net flow, reducing longitudinal transport during development. Cross-spectral analysis of the larval migrations and the environmental cycles of light, salinity and current speed revealed that each of these external cycles affected larval depth. Megalopae of R. harrisii also migrated vertically, but they were present in much lower concentrations than the zoeal stages, an indication of a change to benthic existence in this final larval form.  相似文献   

Nutrient distributions in an estuary: Evidence of chemical precipitation of dissolved silicate and phosphate     

A.W. Morris  A.J. Bale  R.J.M. Howland 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,12(2):205-216

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Mixing caused by lateral internal seiching within a partially mixed estuary     

K.R. Dyer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(4):443-457

The salinity fluctuations at an STD near the halocline in Southampton Water have been spectrally analysed. Mixing is shown to commence at a layer Richardson number of about 20. The predominant energy inputs have periods of 7–9 and 3·5–4·5 min. These motions arise from lateral internal seiching and it is considered that they are produced by interaction of the surface seiche with the shallow side of the estuary. The wavelengths of the standing wave are calculated to be about 120 and 60 m respectively, and these compare well with echo-sounding surveys of the elevation of the halocline.  相似文献   

The streamside effect in a Carex lyngbyeiestuarine marsh: The possible role of recoverable underground reserves     

John L. Gallagher  Harold V. Kibby 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,12(4):451-460

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