我国高寒草甸碳循环研究进展     

张伟  张宏  泽柏 《山地学报》2006,24(B10):266-274

在我国，高寒草甸是广布于青藏高原的主要植被类型之一，它对青藏高原大气与地面之间的能量平衡、水气交换、生物地球化学循环有着极其重要的作用。近年随着人们对全球气候变暖问题的日益关注，高寒草甸，这个全球气候敏感生态系统的源、汇动态及其影响因素的研究，成了认识全球碳循环的关键之一。分析了草地生态系统在碳循环研究中的地位和重要性，对我国高寒草地生态系统碳循环的研究现状作了较为详尽的阐述，包括植物、凋落物和土壤三大碳库以及主要含碳温室气体通量等。  相似文献   

Specific Storage Volumes: A Useful Tool for CO2 Storage Capacity Assessment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sean T. Brennan  Robert C. Burruss 《Natural Resources Research》2006,15(3):165-182

Subsurface geologic strata have the potential to store billions of tons of anthropogenic CO₂; therefore, geologic carbon sequestration can be an effective mitigation tool used to slow the rate at which levels of atmospheric CO₂ are increasing. Oil and gas reservoirs, coal beds, and saline reservoirs can be used for CO₂ storage; however, it is difficult to assess and compare the relative storage capacities of these different settings. Typically, CO₂ emissions are reported in units of mass, which are not directly applicable to comparing the CO₂ storage capacities of the various storage targets. However, if the emission values are recalculated to volumes per unit mass (specific volume) then the volumes of geologic reservoirs necessary to store CO₂ emissions from large point sources can be estimated. The factors necessary to convert the mass of CO₂ emissions to geologic storage volume (referred to here as Specific Storage Volume or ‘SSV’) can be reported in units of cubic meters, cubic feet, and petroleum barrels. The SSVs can be used to estimate the reservoir volume needed to store CO₂ produced over the lifetime of an individual point source, and to identify CO₂ storage targets of sufficient size to meet the demand from that given point source. These storage volumes also can then be projected onto the land surface to outline a representative “footprint,” which marks the areal extent of storage. This footprint can be compared with the terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity of the same land area. The overall utility of this application is that the total storage capacity of any given parcel of land (from surface to basement) can be determined, and may assist in making land management decisions.  相似文献   

Linear pressurization method for determining hydraulic permeability and specific storage of a rock sample   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I. Song  J. Renner 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,164(3):685-696

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A subsurface runoff parameterization with water storage and recharge based on the Boussinesq-Storage Equation for a Land Surface Model   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

TIAN Xiangjun  XIE Zhenghui  ZHANG Shenglei  LIANG Miaoling 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(6):622-631

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Reply to comment: “Analytical solution for solute transport resulting from instantaneous injection in streams with transient storage” by F. De Smedt, W. Brevis, and P. Debels, 2005. Journal of Hydrology 315, 25–39     

F. De Smedt  W. Brevis  P. Debels 《Journal of Hydrology》2006,330(3-4):761-762

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Non-Darcian flow in a single confined vertical fracture toward a well     

Zhang Wen  Guanhua Huang  Hongbin Zhan   《Journal of Hydrology》2006,330(3-4):698-708

Non-Darcian flow towards a well which fully penetrates a confined single vertical fracture is presented in this paper on the basis of the Izbash equation. We have obtained semi-analytical solutions for non-Darcian flow by using the Boltzmann transform and developed the non-Darcian flow well functions for cases with and without the effect of wellbore storage. The results show that the non-Darcian flow type curves are more or less deviated from the Darcian flow type curve. The non-linear effect is mainly attributable to the turbulent factor, v, a dimensionless parameter related to the pumping rate, the fracture aperture, the fracture thickness, and two constants k′ and n used in the Izbash power-law. The non-linear effect appears to be less sensitive to the power-law index, n. When excluding wellbore storage, the well function at early times is proportional to v^−1/(n−1)u^−n/(n−1), where u is a dimensionless term inversely proportional to time; whereas the well function at late times is approximated as , where A₀(n) is a finite term depending on n. When considering wellbore storage, drawdowns inside the well with different v values approach the same asymptotic value at small times, and the effect of wellbore storage is only found at the early stage of pumping.  相似文献   

存储检索系统监视信息采集技术分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常飚 《气象科技》2006,34(Z1):31-35

主要介绍国家级气象资料存储检索系统的监视分系统中监视信息采集功能的实现,对存储系统监视信息采集需求和方法进行了分析,介绍了包括调用系统命令和Java提取信息等方法,通过实际例子详细阐述了监视系统获取信息和存储信息的方式,并概括说明了目前投入业务运行的监视信息采集功能,最后对采集模块的改进提出建议。  相似文献   

Adsorption and stabilization of organic carbon by mineral surfaces in soils     

Seunghun KANG Saikat Ghosh Baoshan XING 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):263-264

Soils are the largest carbon reservoir in the terrestrial system. Soils contain about three times more carbon than vegetation and twice as much as that present in the atmosphere. Soil organic matter （SOM） is very complex in composition and structure, formed of heterogeneous substances and generally associated with minerals in soils. SOM is classified as labile and stable fractions on the basis of residence time, determined not only by the chemical composition of SOM, but also by types of protection or bonds within soils. The stable carbon fraction is protected either physically or chemically. To understand the process of SOM stabilization, physicochemical properties of organic-mineral complexes were determined by Fourier transformed infrared （FTIR） with attenuated total reflectance （ATR） and diffuse reflectance （DRIFT）, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy （NMR）. Humic acids and carboxylic acids with relatively short carbon chains were used as sorbates, and goethite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite as adsorbents. Humic acid was fractionated during adsorption on the minerals, which was highly influenced by the characteristics of minerals. For instance, long-chain aliphatic carbon was likely to be adsorbed onto the surface of kaolinite and montmorillonite, while goethite surface attracted carboxylic functional groups of humic acid.  相似文献   

Stability of banded vegetation patterns under seasonal rainfall and limited soil moisture storage capacity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nadia Ursino  Samuel Contarini 《Advances in water resources》2006

The delicate equilibrium of soil moisture and biomass may become unstable under water scarcity conditions causing banded vegetation patterns to form on hillsides of semi-arid catchments. Soil related processes that induce instability (namely: soil moisture advection and diffusion), have been evaluated numerically for different rainfall regimes. This study addresses the combined influence of some relevant soil characteristics, and the effect of seasonal precipitation on vegetation patterns, advancing the comprehension of those mechanisms that cause shifts toward banded vegetation patterns or bare states.  相似文献   

中德联合冬给措纳湖地区寒区环境变迁研究进展     

杨思忠  金会军  Bernd Wünnemann  Steffen Mischke  吉延峻  陈建辉  杨奇丽 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):850-853

青藏高原腹地的内陆湖及其湖相沉积物能够较真实地反映气候变化特征,在高原环境变迁研究中备受中外科学家的关注.2006年8月15日~9月10日,中德联合考察小组对青藏高原东北部的冬给措纳湖一带进行了第四纪冻土、地貌和地质学考察,并对湖岸阶地做了初步的数字高程分析.调查了冬给措纳湖底地形、地貌,采集了湖相沉积物样本.在湖的东岸和西岸发现多年冻土,湖泊西北山谷观察到古冰川活动遗迹.初步推测该湖是由断陷沉降形成.为进一步分析湖区气候和环境变迁,联合小组拟定2007年3月份钻取湖芯.  相似文献