基于方志资料重建1644-1949年长江三角洲地区台风频次序列(英文)     

张向萍  叶瑜  方修琦 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(5):810-824

The proxy records on typhoons in the Yangtze River Delta from 1644 to 1949AD were extracted from historical chorographies in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Period.In reference to the basic principles for identifying historical typhoons,time series on the Yangtze River Delta over a period of 306 years were developed.The conclusions are as follows.(1) There were a total of 241 typhoons from 1644 to 1949AD.Using the historical chorographies from 1884 to 1949AD,the number of typhoons was 65,equal to 87.8% recorded by meteorological observation.The number of years with differences in typhoon activities reconstructed using two ways no more than once is 55,reaching 83.3% in the period from 1884 to 1949AD.This result means the series of historical typhoons reconstructed using historical chorographies can represent the change of typhoon activities over years.(2) The average number of typhoon activities is 0.79 times per year from 1644 to 1949AD,and they show an increasing trend.These 306 years can be divided into three periods by the average number of typhoon activities:it is low from 1644 to 1784AD,and more typhoon activities are found from 1785 to 1904AD.It is worth noting that the number of typhoon activities reaches the summit in the last period,which is 1.2 times per year from 1905 to 1949AD.(3) Before the 20th century,the number of typhoon activities in warm periods is less than the number of cold periods.However,the number of typhoon activities increased dramatically in the early 20th century.Comparing the typhoon activities with El Ni o events,the data show that the number of typhoon activities did not increase when El Ni o occurred.  相似文献   

Possible Impact of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation on Extreme Hot Events in China          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Jian-Qi 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(3):231-234

This paper reveals that the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) is closely related to the extreme hot event (EHE) variability in China during the period of 1979 2009, with a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO corresponding to less (more) EHEs in northern China. The summer circulation anomalies associated with the SNAO give further confirmation of the above relationship. In a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO year, there is an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over central East Asia, which can increase (decrease) the total cloud cover over this region. Such changes of the total cloud cover can then decrease (increase) the solar radiation reaching the surface, which is consequently unfavorable (favorable) to the formation of EHEs over northern China.  相似文献   

Modeled seasonality of glacial abrupt climate events     

Jacqueline Flückiger  Reto Knutti  James W. C. White  Hans Renssen 《Climate Dynamics》2008,31(6):633-645

Greenland ice cores, as well as many other paleo-archives from the northern hemisphere, recorded a series of 25 warm interstadial events, the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events, during the last glacial period. We use the three-dimensional coupled global ocean–atmosphere–sea ice model ECBILT-CLIO and force it with freshwater input into the North Atlantic to simulate abrupt glacial climate events, which we use as analogues for D-O events. We focus our analysis on the Northern Hemisphere. The simulated events show large differences in the regional and seasonal distribution of the temperature and precipitation changes. While the temperature changes in high northern latitudes and in the North Atlantic region are dominated by winter changes, the largest temperature increases in most other land regions are seen in spring. Smallest changes over land are found during the summer months. Our model simulations also demonstrate that the temperature and precipitation change patterns for different intensifications of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are not linear. The extent of the transitions varies, and local non-linearities influence the amplitude of the annual mean response as well as the response in different seasons. Implications for the interpretation of paleo-records are discussed.  相似文献   

东亚冬季风对ENSO事件的响应特征   总被引：23，自引：5，他引：18  

何溪澄  丁一汇  何金海 《大气科学》2008,32(2):335-344

基于美国NOAA在ENSO诊断分析中使用的海洋Ni?o指数 （Oceanic Ni?o Index, 简称ONI）,将1950～2005年冬季分成强El Ni?o、强La Ni?a、弱El Ni?o、弱La Ni?a和没有发生ENSO事件5类,用分类合成方法研究了冬季东亚大气环流对ENSO事件的响应。结果表明,在低纬度,大气环流对ENSO事件的响应具有较明显的准线性特征,即大气对海洋暖事件与冷事件的响应大致是反位相的,对弱ENSO事件的响应与强ENSO事件相似但强度较弱。中高纬度大气环流与ENSO事件也有一定的联系,但同等强度暖事件与冷事件下大气环流距平场上的系统分布没有呈现明显的反位相,表明大气对海温异常的响应是复杂的。强El Ni?o事件时大气的响应信号显著,主要表现在东亚中高纬西风气流增强, 亚洲北部地区气温偏高,距平风场上的切变线从长江中下游向东伸展,菲律宾海距平反气旋西北侧的偏南气流和南支槽前西南气流加强,其共同作用使南海和中国东南沿海出现显著的偏南风距平;强La Nia事件时,长江中下游向东伸展的脊线不明显,中国南方至南海处于偏北风距平区,但通过统计检验的范围减小;弱El Ni?o事件时,菲律宾海距平反气旋西北侧的西南气流偏东,与南支槽前西南气流分开,使得华南和南海的偏南风距平没有强El Ni?o时显著; 弱La Ni?a事件时,西风带纬向气流减弱,亚洲北部地区气温偏低。对ONI指数与亚洲北部温度指数（NTI）的散点图的分析显示,9个强El Ni?o冬季中有8年亚洲北部温度距平偏高,7个弱El Ni?o冬季中只有1年温度偏高;8个强La Ni?a冬季有4年温度偏低,12个弱La Ni?a冬季中有11年温度偏低;亚洲强暖冬和强冷冬的发生与ENSO事件的联系不紧密。  相似文献   

地下流体数据跟踪事件质量分析     

陶志刚  刘春国  樊俊屹 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(4):146-154

以地下流体数据跟踪分析产出事件为研究对象,总结数据跟踪分析工作现状,从观测系统故障、自然环境、场地环境、人为干扰、地球物理、不明原因事件6个方面,分析2019年地下流体数据跟踪分析存在的问题,并对典型事件进行总结,为地震台站跟踪分析事件记录提供参考。  相似文献   

金属矿床的同位素直接定年方法   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19  

赵葵东  蒋少涌 《地学前缘》2004,11(2):425-434

矿床的直接定年就是直接对成矿流体或矿石矿物进行同位素定年 ,这样确定的年龄就直接代表了成矿年龄。目前主要有石英和闪锌矿中流体包裹体的Rb Sr同位素定年、黄铁矿和石英中包裹体的Ar Ar同位素定年、金属硫化物的Rb Sr同位素定年、金属硫化物和氧化物的Sm Nd同位素定年、金属硫化物的Re Os同位素定年 ,以及单个矿石矿物的Pb逐步淋滤法定年  相似文献   

2007 Mutual events within the binary system of (22) Kalliope     

P. Descamps  F. Marchis  J. Berthier  F. Vachier 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(14):1851-1856

In 2007, the asteroid Kalliope will reach one of its annual equinoxes. As a consequence, its small satellite Linus orbiting in the equatorial plane will undergo a season of mutual eclipses and occultations very similar to the one that the Galilean satellites undergo every 6 years. This paper is aimed at preparing a campaign of observations of these mutual events occurring from February to May 2007. This opportunity occurs only under favorable geometric conditions when the Sun and/or the Earth are close to the orbital plane of the system. This is the first international campaign devoted to the observation of photometric events within an asynchronous asteroidal binary system. We took advantage of a reliable orbit solution of Linus to predict a series of 24 mutual eclipses and 12 mutual occultations observable in the spring of 2007. Thanks to the brightness of Kalliope (m_v?11), these observations are easy to perform even with a small telescope. Anomalous attenuation events could be observed lasting for about 1-3 h with amplitude up to 0.09 mag. The attenuations are of two distinct types that can clearly be identified as primary and secondary eclipses similar to those that have been previously observed in other minor planet binary systems [Pravec, P., Scheirich, P., Kusnirák, P., Sarounová, L., Mottola, S., Hahn, G., Brown, P., Esquerdo, G., Kaiser, N., Krzeminski, Z., Pray, D.P., Warner, B.D., Harris, A.W., Nolan, M.C., Howell, E.S., Benner, L.A.M., Margot, J.-L., Galád, A., Holliday, W., Hicks, M.D., Krugly, Yu.N., Tholen, D., Whiteley, R., Marchis, F., Degraff, D.R., Grauer, A., Larson, S., Velichko, F.P., Cooney, W.R., Stephens, R., Zhu, J., Kirsch, K., Dyvig, R., Snyder, L., Reddy, V., Moore, S., Gajdos, S., Világi, J., Masi, G., Higgins, D., Funkhouser, G., Knight, B., Slivan, S., Behrend, R., Grenon, M., Burki, G., Roy, R., Demeautis, C., Matter, D., Waelchli, N., Revaz, Y., Klotz, A., Rieugné, M., Thierry, P., Cotrez, V., Brunetto, L., Kober, G., 2006. Photometric survey of binary near-Earth asteroids. Icarus 181, 63-93]. With these favorable circumstances, such photometric observations will provide us tight constraints regarding physical properties of Linus such as the size, shape and synodic spin period.  相似文献   

川江中坝遗址5000年来洪水事件研究   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  

张强  杨达源  施雅风  葛兆帅  姜彤 《地理科学》2004,24(6):715-720

川江中坝遗址自然地层与文化层测年、粒度分析及其与长江沿岸现代洪积物粒度分析对比研究表明,中坝遗址自然沉积层为多期洪水泛滥成因.文化层中大量破碎陶罐、瓦片以及窑址的发现,结合实地调查表明当时遗址区主要以制盐为主.一定数量未燃尽的段木的发现,表明人们为制盐或烧制陶器而砍伐树木,导致水土流失与生态恶化,水土流失导致河床淤积,储水量减少,从而加重洪灾程度、加剧河床演变.频繁的洪水泛滥使研究区河床发生较大变化,使遗址从河岸孤立出去,成为河中心的一个孤岛.  相似文献   

气候变暖背景下极端气候对青海祁连山水文水资源的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

戴升  保广裕  祁贵明  马占良  白文蓉  余迪  冯晓莉  杨延华  时盛博 《冰川冻土》2019,41(5):1053-1066

利用青海祁连山区极端气候要素和青海湖、哈拉湖及主要河流的水文资料,研究表明：冷夜日数（10%）呈显著减少趋势,暖夜日数（90%）呈显著增加趋势;年大风日数显著减少;年降水量21世纪初增加趋势最为显著并发生突变,降水量增加幅度中西段大于东段;≥ 5 mm、≥ 10 mm、≥ 25 mm年降水日数呈显著增加趋势,进入21世纪后更为明显,而≥ 0.1 mm年降水日数呈减少趋势;年平均大风日数与湖泊水位、河流流量变化呈负相关,大风天气的减少,可以缓解湖面和土壤因蒸发而导致的水分损失,对植被的改善可增加径流的产生,流入湖泊的流量增加;降水量与湖泊水位、河流流量呈正相关,受21世纪降水量增加的影响青海湖水位逐年上升,共上升1.67 m,达到20世纪70年代末的水位,中西部主要河流流量近几年也达到最大值,而东段流量增加不明显;祁连山区≥ 5 mm、≥ 10 mm、≥ 25 mm年平均降水量与湖泊、河流流量变化呈正相关,各量级年降水量对湖泊水位、河流流量的增加贡献显著。  相似文献   

贺兰山构造带及邻区中-新生代构造事件:来自不整合面和裂变径迹的约束   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马静辉  何登发 《岩石学报》2019,35(4):1121-1142

贺兰山构造带及邻区的构造属性长期以来存在争议,确定该地区中新生代的构造事件及隆升过程是了解这一重要陆内变形带动力学机制的关键所在。本文采用不整合面分析法和低温热年代学方法,综合分析探讨了贺兰山构造带及邻区中新生代的构造事件及其构造演化过程。通过对该地区的野外地质调查,本次在中-新生代地层中由底到顶识别出6个不同类型的不整合面,它们分别是:(1) T_(2-3)/P平行不整合面;(2) J/AnJ角度不整合面-微角度不整合面;(3) K_1/AnK_1高角度不整合面;(4) E_3q/AnE_3;(5) N_1/AnN_1;(6) Q/An Q。在T_3d~3、J_2y和K_1变形前锋,可见与逆冲-褶皱造山带相关的同构造沉积生长地层,其在形态上表现为超覆、削截,在黄草滩等地局部与倒转背斜相伴生。这些不整合和生长地层是构造活动的直接证据。本次研究对采自该地区的12件样品分别进行了磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹测年及热史模拟分析。结果表明,裂变径迹年龄主要分布在4个区间,对应地质时代分别为中侏罗世-晚侏罗世(168～159Ma)、早白垩世末(139～91Ma)、晚白垩世末(79～66Ma)、始新世(59～50Ma),反映出该地区在这4个时期发生了明显的冷却抬升事件,且这4期构造事件与野外观察到的地质特征有很好的地质响应。同时,热史模拟表明该地区整体上经历了晚侏罗世、早白垩世、晚白垩世末-始新世3期快速隆升事件。综合研究表明,该地区主体逆冲褶皱的时间是从中侏罗世开始,早白垩世末构造运动最强烈,新生代又有所活动。  相似文献