Asteroid families: open problems     

A. Cellino  A. Dell'Oro  V. Zappalà 《Planetary and Space Science》2004,52(12):1075-1086

Asteroid families are products of catastrophic collisions, and their properties are a very important input for modelling the physics which governs these phenomena. A deep change in the interpretation of the available data on families, after a first extensive set of analyses carried out after 1990, is currently proposed by several authors. This is mainly due to the recognition of the importance of the Yarkovsky effect as a powerful mechanism of evolution of asteroids' orbits. Moreover, also the most recent results of hydrocode simulations of catastrophic collision phenomena can hardly be reconciled with family data in the absence of mechanisms of evolution of the orbits. A new general scheme of interpretation, which is in several respects opposite with respect to earlier ideas developed without consideration of a Yarkovsky-driven evolution, is emerging. However, it is not yet fully clear to what extent earlier interpretations of family properties are really wrong, and a synthesis of pre-Yarkovsky and post-Yarkovsky interpretations is probably needed. The current situation is briefly reviewed.  相似文献   

大巴山前陆弧形构造的成因：来自砂箱实验的认识   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王瑞瑞  张岳桥  解国爱  许怀智 《地质学报》2011,85(9):1409-1419

基于砂箱实验方法,本文对大巴山前陆弧形构造的成因进行了探讨.实验结果表明,多种要素的共同作用造就了大巴山弧形构造的形成,这些要素包括:早期伸展背景下形成的弧形边界、两侧基底地块的砥柱作用、底部滑脱层等.此外,北大巴山早期的伸展构造对随后挤压背景下的构造组合可能具有重要的制约作用.结合前人研究,大巴山弧形构造的演化可分为...  相似文献   

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床的成因: 流体包裹体及氢-氧同位素证据     

孙清钟  郑远川  侯增谦  杨竹森  李为  黄克贤  张松 《矿床地质》2013,32(2):353-366

西藏邦布石英脉型金矿床是产于印度-亚洲板块陆-陆造山主碰撞汇聚环境下、与大洋俯冲无关的新型造山型金矿床。该矿床位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带南侧朗杰学增生楔的东段南缘,矿体受区域内EW向金地-鲁农复向斜和错古-折木朗壳型脆-韧性剪切带及其次级构造的控制。金矿化主要与石英脉密切相关,并包裹于脉内细粒/粗粒硫化物中。矿区内主要分布有3期石英脉:成矿前钩状石英脉、成矿期石英大脉和成矿后陡立状石英脉。文章对3期石英脉流体包裹体形态、形成温度、密度及H-O同位素等方面进行了详细的对比研究,试图查明成矿流体来源以及金的沉淀机制等问题。研究表明,钩状石英脉内包裹体主要为液相(L)包裹体,成分主要为H₂O溶液,其流体可能为早期区域变质的产物;石英大脉内包裹体主要为含CO₂气液(VL)两相包裹体,体积较大,成分主要为H₂O+CO₂+CH₄±N₂,成矿流体为深源变质流体,并与变质地层中的有机质发生强烈反应;陡立状石英脉内包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,体积较小,其主要成分为H₂O+CO₂,流体主要与后期区域变质事件有关,为成矿后变质作用的产物。邦布金矿的主要成矿流体源自深部变质流体,流体不混溶作用可能是导致金矿沉淀的主要原因。  相似文献   

从全球对比探讨华北克拉通早期地质演化与板块构造过程   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16  

李江海  牛向龙  T.KUSKY  A.POLAT 《地学前缘》2004,11(3):273-283

板块构造理论为 2 0世纪取得的重大科学成就。如何在新世纪发展板块构造、推动大陆动力学研究成为新的挑战。世界古大陆前寒武纪地质研究在花岗岩绿岩带、高级变质区 ,新太古代造山作用 ,早期大洋地质记录与古板块构造 ,以及超级大陆等方面取得新进展。在此全球构造背景下 ,华北早期地质演化的相关重大问题包括 :新太古代典型造山带地质演化、碰撞过程及其盆山耦合作用。围绕新太古代蛇绿岩的研究 ,特别是豆荚状铬铁矿及地幔岩 ,将提供早期大洋岩石圈性质、扩张运移过程的重要线索 ,并提出早期板块边界划分标志及其洋陆作用过程。华北中部造山带及蛇绿岩混杂带的洲际对比 ,对认识华北与最古老超级大陆聚合过程具有重要意义  相似文献   

华南印支期碰撞造山--十万大山盆地构造和沉积学证据   总被引：27，自引：9，他引：18  

梁新权  李献华  丘元禧  杨东生 《大地构造与成矿学》2005,29(1):99-112

十万大山盆地是云开造山带前陆地区的一个窄长的晚二叠世—中三叠世沉积盆地,位于扬子与华夏陆块拼接位置的西南端。十万大山盆地晚二叠世—中三叠世沉积由巨厚的磨拉石建造组成,并构成多个向上变粗和向上变细的构造-地层层序。云开造山带及前陆冲断带上泥盆统至下二叠统中发育了大量的印支期形成的薄皮褶皱和冲断构造。这些指示扬子和华夏陆块在印支期发生了强烈陆内碰撞与会聚及前陆盆地的沉积作用。P2 /P1 之间的不整合面是伸展构造向挤压构造转换的转换面,为华南印支期碰撞挤压造山或活化造山的序幕。T3 /T2 之间不整合面是挤压构造向伸展构造转换的转换面,是印支期活化挤压造山结束的界面,标志着晚二叠世开始的碰撞造山作用的结束。华南内部晚二叠世—中三叠世构造运动性质及转换与当时华南南缘存在的古特提斯洋的闭合及印支板块与华南陆块的碰撞作用有关。  相似文献   

Post collisional volcanism of Kalamaili suture zone          下载免费PDF全文

TUN Xiao-Ai LIU De-Liang LI Zhen-Sheng 《地学前缘》2009,16(3):220

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新疆阿尔泰山西段乞格拉塔乌岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄及其地质意义     

王星  蔺新望  张亚峰  何元方  赵端昌  菅坤坤  陈光庭 《地质论评》2019,65(2):370-385

新疆阿尔泰山西段发育的花岗岩体缺乏精确地锆石U-Pb同位素年龄资料。本次在乞格拉塔乌岩体中获得了425.1±4.4Ma的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄数据,将其形成时代厘定为中志留世。岩石SiO_2含量在64.07%～73.77%之间,Al_2O_3含量为12.40%～15.71%, A/CNK值为1.02～1.10,全碱(ALK)含量为5.85%～7.93%,里特曼指数(σ)为1.62～2.24,具有弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩特征;稀土总量介于166.3×10~(-6)～197.2×10~(-6)之间,轻、重稀土分馏明显,δEu值介于0.47～0.63之间,具明显负Eu异常。微量元素富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素及La、Ce、Sm等,亏损Nb、Zr等高场强元素及Sr、P、Ti等,具有低Sr高Yb的特征(Sr含量在93.7×10~(-6)～211×10~(-6),Yb含量在2.1×10~(-6)～3.9×10~(-6))。研究表明,古亚洲洋从奥陶纪开始向北俯冲,一直持续到晚古生代中晚期。早古生代末期形成的乞格拉塔乌岩体,既有俯冲环境特征,又显示了后碰撞花岗岩类特点,其复杂的成因可能与古亚洲洋存在洋中脊俯冲作用有关。  相似文献   

Tectonic controls on gold deposits and their environmental impact, New Zealand     

D. Craw   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2001,73(1):129

New Zealand is an active orogenic belt which varies along its length from continental collision to continent–ocean subduction tectonics. Mesothermal gold deposits, with rare mercury, have formed in collisional settings from late Mesozoic to Pleistocene, with youngest deposits along the axis of the actively rising Southern Alps mountain chain. Epithermal gold and mercury deposits have formed, and are still forming associated with calcalkaline volcanism above the subduction zone, and with basaltic volcanism associated with extensional faulting. The environmental impact of mineral deposits is related to tectonic setting, mineralogy, and climate, all of which are governed by the geometry of the orogen. Mesothermal mineralisation added carbonates to calcite-bearing host rocks in what is now cool semiarid or extreme Alpine settings, and oxidation of sulphides does not result in significant acidification of the environment. Arsenic is the principal metal of environmental significance, and is readily mobilised from these deposits at neutral to alkaline pH. Mercury may be leached from cinnabar and/or gold on geological time scales. In contrast, epithermal mineral deposits have hydrothermal clay alteration, locally further clay-altered by deep temperate to subtropical weathering, and calcite is generally subordinate to sulphides. Acidification accompanies oxidation of these deposits, and copper, cadmium, lead and zinc are readily mobilised into the environment. Mercury can be mobilised by these acid solutions as well, where mercury occurs in minerals other than cinnabar.  相似文献   

Metallogenesis of the Ertix gold belt, Xinjiang and its relationship to Central Asia-type orogenesis   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

CHEN Huayong  CHEN Yanjing  Liu Yulin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(3):245-255

The Ertix gold belt is located on the boundary of the Kalatongke arc and the Kelan back-arc basin of D-C1. Most scholars used to interpret the formation and distribution of the gold deposits in the Ertix tectonic belt in terms of the petrogenic and metallogenic models for active continental margins. However, enormous data of isotopic dating and geologic research show that the mineralization was obviously later than the oceanic subduction, whereas exactly simultaneous with the collisional orogenesis during C₂-P, especially at the transition stage from collisional compression to extension. Based on study of metallogenic time, tectonic background, ore geology, ore fluid nature, ore material source, etc., we reveal that all the gold deposits possess the character of orogenic deposits formed in collisional orogenic system, and that their ore-forming materials mainly have derived from the stratigraphic terranes south to individual deposits. Accordingly, the theoretical tectonic model for collisional metallogenesis and petrogenesis is employed to explain the formation of the Ertix gold belt and to determine the gold exploration directions.  相似文献   

河南康山金矿同位素地球化学及其对成岩成矿及流体作用模式的印证   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18  

王海华  陈衍景  高秀丽 《矿床地质》2001,20(2):190-198

康山金矿位于华北克拉通南缘熊耳山区，矿化类型介于蚀变破碎带于石英脉型矿床之间，为硅化体型金矿。蚀变矿化过程分为早期石英－黄铁矿阶段、中期多金属硫化物阶段和晚期碳酸盐阶段；温度分别集中在300－380℃、180-240℃和100－140℃；碳氢氧同位素研究揭示成矿流体由变质热液经混合热液，向大气降水热液演化。流体混合导致矿化中期成矿物质快速沉淀，多金属硫化物等多种矿物爆发形成，且结晶程度低（以玉髓和烟灰状黄铁矿为标志），含矿性好，是大规模成矿的关键。碳铅硫同位素研究表明成矿物质主要来自马超营断裂南侧由官道口群、栾川群、太华超群等地层构成的储冲板片，而赋矿围岩熊耳群提供成矿物质的可能性最小，因此认为中生代时沿马超营断裂倾向北的陆内俯冲诱发了流体成矿作用，导致康山金矿等熊耳山区10多处大中型矿床的形成和规律性分带，马超营断裂北侧是寻找金、银等矿床的有利地带。本文印证了同碰撞矿床的存在和成岩成矿及流体作用（CPMF）模式。  相似文献